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Zener Diode characteristics, Summaries of Electronics

Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra UniversityElectronics

Study of zener Diode in short The V-I Characteristics of a Zener Diode can be divided into two parts (i) Forward Characteristics (ii) Reverse Characteristics

Typology: Summaries

2021/2022

Available from 12/11/2022

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Zener Diode
Zener Diode is a reverse-biased heavily-doped PN junction diode which operates in the
breakdown region. The reverse breakdown of a PN- junction may occur either due to Zener
effect or avalanche effect. Zener effect occurs at reverse voltages less than 5 volt whereas
avalanche effect occurs above 5V. The breakdown voltage of a Zener diode can be set by
controlling the doping level. The symbol of Zener diode is as shown in fig. A
Fig. a Symbol
Working:
The V-I Characteristics of a Zener Diode can be divided into two parts
(i) Forward Characteristics
(ii) Reverse Characteristics
Forward Characteristics
The forward characteristics of a Zener diode is shown in figure. It is almost identical to the
forward characteristics of a P-N junction diode and has a turn-on voltage of between 0.3 and
0.7 V. as shown in fig. b.
Fig. b V-I Characteristics of Zener Diode
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Zener Diode

Zener Diode is a reverse-biased heavily-doped PN junction diode which operates in the breakdown region. The reverse breakdown of a PN- junction may occur either due to Zener effect or avalanche effect. Zener effect occurs at reverse voltages less than 5 volt whereas avalanche effect occurs above 5V. The breakdown voltage of a Zener diode can be set by controlling the doping level. The symbol of Zener diode is as shown in fig. A Fig. a Symbol Working: The V-I Characteristics of a Zener Diode can be divided into two parts (i) Forward Characteristics (ii) Reverse Characteristics Forward Characteristics The forward characteristics of a Zener diode is shown in figure. It is almost identical to the forward characteristics of a P-N junction diode and has a turn-on voltage of between 0.3 and 0.7 V. as shown in fig. b. Fig. b V-I Characteristics of Zener Diode

Reverse Characteristics When connected in the reverse mode, as we increase the reverse voltage, initially a small reverse saturation current Io flows, As the reverse voltage increases to the predetermined breakdown voltage (Vz), a reverse current will increase suddenly and sharply. This is an indication that the breakdown has occurred. This breakdown voltage is called as Zener breakdown voltage or Zener voltage and it is denoted by Vz. The current increases to a maximum, which is determined by the series resistor, after which it stabilizes and remains constant over a wide range of applied voltage. The value of Vz can be precisely controlled by controlling the doping levels of P and N regions at the time of manufacturing a Zener diode. Zener Region and its importance Reverse breakdown of the zener diode operates in a region called zener region, as shown in figure. In this region the voltage across zener diode remains constant but current changes depending on the supply voltage. zener diode is operated in this region when it is being used as a voltage regulator. The complete v-i characteristics of zener diode is as shown in figure b. Application of zener Diode are as follows: Zener diodes have a large number of application. few of them are (i) Zener diode is used as a voltage regulator. (ii) Zener diode is used as a peak clipper in wave shaping circuits. (iii) Zener diode is used as a fixed reference voltage in transistor biasing circuits. (iv) Zener diode is used for meter protection against damage from accidental application of excessive voltages.