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How does local anesthesia work? a. it initiates depolarization b. it blocks depolarization c. it allows sodium transport across the nerve membrane - โโb. it blocks depolarization Which of the following makes local anesthetic most effective? a. rapid injection b. injecting a larger amount of anesthetic c. lipid solubility - โโc. lipid solubility Local anesthetics typically produce vasoconstriction. True False - โโFalse Amide-type local anesthetics are metabolized in?
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How does local anesthesia work? a. it initiates depolarization b. it blocks depolarization c. it allows sodium transport across the nerve membrane - โโb. it blocks depolarization Which of the following makes local anesthetic most effective? a. rapid injection b. injecting a larger amount of anesthetic c. lipid solubility - โโc. lipid solubility Local anesthetics typically produce vasoconstriction. True False - โโFalse Amide-type local anesthetics are metabolized in?
a. liver
b. it will decrease the duration of pain control of the local anesthetic agent
c. it will increase the level of local anesthetic in the blood d. all of the above - โโd. all of the above Local anesthetics can cross the placenta and enter the circulatory system of the fetus. True False - โโTrue If the use of a certain local anesthetic agent is absolutely contraindicated for a patient, this means: a. under no circumstances should this agent be administered to the patient due to the risk of a potentially toxic or lethal reaction b. the agent may be administered to the patient after considering the risks and benefits from its use and if an alternative agent is not available c. there is no risk whatsoever from the use of this local anesthetic agent - โโa. under no circumstances should this agent be administered to the patient due to the risk of a potentially toxic or lethal reaction What type of effects do local anesthetic agents have on the central nervous system (CNS)? a. they excite the CNS b. they depress the CNS
d. propranolol - โโb. para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) The primary excretory organ for local anesthetics is: a. liver b. lungs c. kidneys d. intestines - โโc. kidneys Why would significant renal impairment be a relative contraindication to the use of anesthetics? a. it could lead to an allergic reaction b. it will increase the vasodilating effect of the local anesthetic agent c. it could cause slightly elevated blood levels and an increased potential for toxicity d. renal impairment is not a relative contraindication to the use of anesthetics - โโc. it could cause slightly elevated blood levels and an increased potential for toxicity Factors to consider when selecting a local anesthetic agent for your patients include: a. determining whether hemostasis will be needed during your procedures b. the length of time that you anticipate you will require pain control for your patient c. the potential for your patient to have discomfort during the post-
treatment time frame d. the possibility that your patient may self-mutilate themselves while numb
a. the time required for a 50% reduction of the local anesthetic agent in the patient's blood level b. the time it takes for the local anesthetic to reach half its potential effect on the patient
c. the time it takes for the local anesthetic in the cartridge to lose half its potency d. the time required for the patient to lose 50% of the sensation in the targeted area
b. Decreased tissue vascularity increases the blood supply to the area of infection. c. Inflammation in the area of the injection does NOT decrease the effect of the local anesthetic. d. None of the above answers is correct. - โโa. The acid environment of the inflamed region makes the pH low which makes the pKa high. Therefore the area is more water soluble. Which of the following is NOT found in a dental anesthetic cartridge? a. sodium chloride b. local anesthetic agent c. vasodilator d. antioxidant - โโc. vasodilator Which of the following anesthetics has the shortest half-life of any of the amides? a. Articaine b. Procaine c. Mepivacaine d. Prilocaine - โโa. Articaine The two most common vasosonstrictors used in dentistry today are: a. epinephrine and norepinephrine
b. epinephrine and dopamine
Determine the concentration of local anesthetic agent in a 2% solution of Lidocaine. a. 5 mg/ml b. 15 mg/ml c. 20 mg/ml d. 30 mg/ml - โโc. 20 mg/ml Determine the concentration of the vasoconstrictor in a 1:100,000 solution of Lidocaine: a. 0.05 mg/ml b. 0.02 mg/ml c. 0.01 mg/ml d. 0.005 mg/ml - โโc. 0.01 mg/ml A new patient's medical history indicates that the use of a vasoconstrictor is absolutely contraindicated. On the day of her appointment, she is to receive scaling and root planing on her mandibular right quadrant in which you will be administering an IA nerve block injection. You anticipate that it will take you approximately 1 hour to complete this procedure. Which of the following anesthetics would be the best choice for this patient? a. 3% Mepivacaine b. 0.5% Bupivacaine
c. 4% Prilocaine Plain
b. 60 mg c. 94 mg d. 108 mg - โโd. 108 mg If four cartridges of 0.5% Bupivacaine (Marcaine) with 1:200,000 were administered to your patient, what quantity of Bupivacaine was given: a. 20 mg b. 36 mg c. 72 mg d. 90 mg - โโb. 36 mg If four cartridges of 0.5% Bupivacaine (Marcaine) with 1:200,000 were administered to your patient, what quantity of epinephrine was given: a. 0.0036 mg b. 0.036 mg c. 0.36 mg d. 3.6 mg - โโb. 0.036 mg How many cartridges of 3% Mepivacaine can a healthy 120 lb adult receive? a. 4.
b. 4 c. 5. d. 6.5 - โโd. 6. How many carpules of 2% Lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine can a medically compromised cardiac patient safely receive, assuming that the use of a vasoconstrictor is not contraindicated a. 1 cartridge b. 2 cartridges c. 3 cartridges d. 4 cartridges - โโb. 2 cartridges A 73 year old female patient, weighing 125 pounds, presents for dental hygiene therapy on the maxillary right quadrant. Her medical history reveals that she has had bypass surgery 2 years ago and is being monitored by her physician for high blood pressure which is presently controlled by medication. You decide to administer the following injections: PSA, MSA, ASA, GP, and NP and to use 2% Lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine. Can this anesthetic be safely used for this patient? a. yes, as long as it's used judiciously b. yes, there are no problems at all with using any type of anesthetic agent with this patient c. no, this anesthetic is an absolute contraindication