Medico-Legal Aspects of Wounds: A Comprehensive Guide for Medical Professionals, Summaries of Forensics

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MEDICO-LEGAL ASPECOF

WOUND

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DR. RAHOUL

SSIMS, BHILAI

HOMICIDE:

º Homicide is killing of a human being by another human being.

I.

º Types: Lawful : 1) Justifiable. (2) Excusable. II. Unlawful.:

1. Culpable homicide (S.299, IP.C.). (a) amounting to murder, (b) not amounting to murder (S.304, IP.C.).
2. (^) Murder (S.300. ILP C.). (^3) Rash or negligent homicide (S. 304 A, IP.C.).

MURDER: (S.300, LP.C.)

Culpable homicide is murder

If the act by which the death is caused is done with the intention of causing death. o

2. Ifit is done with the intention of causing such bodily injury as the offender knows to

be likelv to cause death, or

3. Ifit is done with the intention of causing bodily injury which is sufticient in the

ordinary course of nature to cause death. or

4. Ifthe person committing the act knows that it is so immediately dangerous. that it

must in all probability cause death, or such bodily injury as is likelv to cause death and

commits such act (^) without any (^) excuse.

S. 302, I.P.C.: PUNISHMENT FOR MURDER:Dcath. or imprisonment for life, and

also finc

S.303, I.P.C.: Punishment for murder bv lite convict (death).

S.304, I.P.C.: Punishment for culpable homicide not amounting to murder Imprisonment for ite. or up to l0\cars and also line

S. 304-A, I.P.C. CA USING DEATH BY NEGLJGENCE: "Whoever causes the death

of anv pcIson. bv doing anv rash or negligent act not amounting to culpable

homicide shall be punished with imDrisonment for aterm which mav extend to two years or with fine, or with both.

GRIEVOUS INJURY:(S.320, 1.P.C.)

Any of the following injuries are grievous.

1. Emasculation.

2. Permanent privation of sight of either eye.

3. Permanent privation of hearing of either ear.

4. Privation of any member or joint.

5. Destruction or permanent impairing of the power of any member or joint.

6. Permanent disfiguration of the head or face.

7. Fracture or dislocation of a bone or tooth.
   8. Any hurt which endangers life, or which causes the victim to be in severe bodily pain, or Unable to follow his ordinary pursuits for a period of twenty days.

1 Emasculation Itmcans depvmg a male of mascul1ne \igour P'ermanent privation of sight of cither ee: The rav1tt of such injurr Its in its because it depnes a peron ot thc usc of the organ of s1gh and also distiules hn

3. Permanent privation of the hearing of cither car It deprIves a man of his sense of

hcanp Such nues Mav be causcd b a blow on the head or the car or bv blow

Inhich njure the Impanum oalditor ncnes or b thrustng somcthing or hot liqud nto thc car which causes deatness

Permanent disfiguration of the head or face: The word 'distigure' in this

means to cause some external injuries which detracts from his personal aprearance.

butdoes not weaken him. e.g.. cutting off aman's nose or ears. Branding a grl's

cheeks which leaves permanent scars amounts to distigurement.

8

Fracture or dislocation ofa bone or tooth: If there is a break bv cuttingo

splintering of the bone. or there isa rupture or fissure in it. it wouldamont to a

fracture. Dislocation means displacement. lere looseness of teeth will not amount to dislocation. Any hurt which endangers life, or which causes the victim to be in severe bodily pain, or unable to follow his ordinary pursuits for a period of 20 days : Some hurts which are not likethose kinds of hurts which are mentioned in the first seven clau ses. may be most serious. A wound mav cause intense pain. prolonged disease, or lasting 1njury, but does not fall within anv of seven clauses.

TORTURE

º Declaration of Tokyo(1975): "Thc deliberate. st stematic or wanton nliction of

phvsical or ental suflerng b one or more persons actng alone or on th orders of

any authontv. to force another person to veld ntomatton. to make a contesion or

lor anv other rcason" S. 330, LPC:Volunt:rilk causng hurt to estort contession. or lo compl restoration

of propertN Is punishable ith imposonment up to 7 \cars

S. 331, IPC: \oluntarilk causng grievous hurt to extract confessION or to compel restoration of propertv is punishable with imprisonment up to ten \cars.

>S. 339,1.P.C: Wrongtul restrant Imprisonment up tY one month (S.341, I.P.C).

Torture caTied out by bCiminal and terrornst groups. and (2) Br th police or

other security foce personnel

OBJECTS:

To obtain infomation if a person is suspeted of crime

To sien adocunment (^) contessing a (^) crme

Totake relenge against aperson or his family members, by rape. kidnapping, tc.

To obtam testimonv incriminating others.

To sprcad teror in the communitt

To destror the persOnalitv of ind1viduals who raise their voIces

5. Fingers are twisted or pencils, etc.. are kept between tvo fingers and qeezed hard.

6. Making the victim chew hardon pieces of metals, stones, etc.. or pulling teeth

7. Mutilation: Chopping of ears, nose. fingers, etc.

8. Disfiguration bv thrOWing coITOS0Ves on face or other parts of bodv.

9. Useof continuous high-pitched sound.

10. Forced immersion of head

11. Dry submarino: Tving of aplastic bag over the head up to the point of suffocation.

12. Suspension of body
13. Burns causcd bv eigarette butts s coMmnon.
14. (old: \ictim is made to lie on a cold and damp tloor or on an ice slab without clothing.
15. Electricshock (cattle prod): Amagneto delivering high voltage mar be Used in which burns mav not be found on the skin. but it causes seVere pain. Sometimes. main oltge of 110 or 240 volts is uscd. which produces burns. and can cause death in sonne cas s.
16. Heated metal skewer inserted into the anus (black slave): Perianal or reetal burns.

17. Aninnal bites.

Sequelae: Inteet1on. d1stiuuration of face. impaument of hearing and ight. psv chic disturbances. and social stigma Death nmav occur rarck The doctor should obtain complete historr tiom the patient and eNamine scene of

death. The nhole body should be caretully exannined and injuries evaluated

Treatment: The principles of treatment are

Developing a good rapport with the

2. Empathising with the victim and his family. Ivoiding situation or objects that remind the victim of the torture event.
3. Psychotherapy.

CAUSES OF DEATH FROM WOUNDS

USes of dcath from thc Wounds ar

1.Immediate or direct.: lemorrhage. Reflex agal Inbibition, SHOCK,

Mechanical Injury to a \ital Organ

2. Remote, delayed or indirect.: Infection, Gangrene or Necrosis, Crush Sndrome, Neglect of njurrd Peon, Surgical Operation. Natural Discase, Thromlbosis andl Embolism. Fat Emboisn, Diseninated Intravasculay (oagulation.