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WISCONSIN PESTICIDE APPLICATOR TEST
COMMERCIAL CATEGORY 6.0 ACTUAL
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS | LATEST VERSION
(2024) | VERIFIED ANSWERS | GRADED A+
What types of gloves should you wear when handling pesticides and how should they be worn? -----CORRECT ANSWER----------Unlined chemical resistant gloves should be worn when handling pesticides. Wear the gloves outside of the sleeves and roll up the cuff of the glove to prevent any roll back onto the forearms. What constitutes as suitable footwear, headgear and eyewear? ----- CORRECT ANSWER----------Unlined chemical resistant footwear, tightly fitting non-fogging protective eyewear and chemical resistant hoods, face shields or respirators. How should you wash, and when should you discard PPE? -----CORRECT ANSWER----------Shake clothing outside to remove dust and granules, prerinse clothing, wash separately from family clothing, wash with hot water and use heavy duty detergent, drain the wash water and do not use the water saving feature, check clothes for visible staining, unusual odor, or color differences, line dry the clothing to avoid contaminating the dryer. If clothing is saturated with pesticides you must discard it. When should you assume that pesticide exposure has occurred? ----- CORRECT ANSWER----------Assume any symptoms that appear while or soon after working with a pesticide are caused by the pesticide.
What information on the SDS and product labels can help in responding to an exposure? -----CORRECT ANSWER----------The label and SDS list symptoms of exposure and will help you recognize and respond to poisoning more quickly. They provide emergency contact numbers and specific directions for doctors. When is medical attention warranted? -----CORRECT ANSWER---------- Whenever someone exhibits any illness while or soon after working with pesticides or in a treated area, has swallowed pesticides, had gotten a pesticide int their eyes or exhibits symptoms of poisoning or injury following dermal or inhalation exposure to a pesticide. What are the proper actions to take when a victim needs medical attention? -----CORRECT ANSWER----------Call for medical help immediately, get the victim out of the exposure situation and begin first aid if you are alone with the victim. If you are the victim, remain calm and follow the same basic response principles. Take the label with you to the hospital. What are the first aid procedures used in cases of dermal, inhalation and eye exposure? -----CORRECT ANSWER----------Dermal: Remove contaminated clothing, drench skin with water, wash skin hair and fingernails thoroughly with soap and water, rinse thoroughly and wash again, dray and wrap the victim with a blanket, cover chemical burns loosely with a clean soft cloth. Inhalation: Get the victim to fresh air immediately, do not attempt to rescue someone who has been poisoned in an enclosed area if you don't have a respirator, loosen all tight clothing, if breathing has stopped or is irregular, give artificial respiration, keep the victim quiet as possible, prevent chilling, if victim is convulsing protect their head and keep their chin up to keep airway open.
behavior (confusion, slurred speech, irrational), headache, nausea and chills, severe thirst and dry mouth, heavy sweating or complete lack of sweating. What are the first aid procedures used in cases of heat stress, and when is medical attention is necessary? -----CORRECT ANSWER----------Always err on the side of caution and seek medical attention if someone or yourself appears ill. Get the victim to a shaded or cooler area, carefully remove PPE or other clothing that may be making them hot, cool the victim rapidly and as soon as possible with cool water, and if possible immerse them in cool water, have the victim drink as much cool water as possible, and keep them calm and quiet. What are some general precautions associated with transporting pesticides? What items should and should not be transported with pesticides? -----CORRECT ANSWER----------The safest way to transport pesticides is in the back of a truck. Do not let passengers or animals ride in the back with the pesticides. Do not carry food or PPE with pesticides in the back of the vehicle. Also transport seed and fertilizer separately from pesticides. Always plan ahead and keep the following items on hand: PPE, soap and water, a shovel (for building dirt dikes to contain a spill), absorbent material, and a fire extinguisher. What precautions should be taken when loading/unloading pesticides and how should pesticides be secured during transportation? -----CORRECT ANSWER----------Wear work clothes and chemical-resistant gloves when handling unopened pesticide containers. Thoroughly inspect all containers before loading and accept them only if the labels are legible and firmly attached. Check all caps, and tighten them if necessary, do not transport and pesticide in a container which is visibly broken, defective or improperly sealed. Handle all containers carefully, avoid sliding them over rough surfaces that could rip or tear them open. Never leave pesticides unattended and secure them against access by children, animals or the general public.
What instances require extra regulation when transporting some materials? -----CORRECT ANSWER----------If the material is considered hazardous for transportation, that in turn triggers other regulations that must be heeded. In this case you must: receive hazardous material training, carry emergency response information and carry shipping papers. Where might you find information about the hazardous class of a pesticide? -----CORRECT ANSWER----------Information about the hazardous class of a material can be found in the "transport" and "regulatory information" section of the SDS. If it is not listed in this section, then call the manufacturer or the distributor prior to transporting the material. What are some of the different requirements for carrying a hazardous material in your vehicle? -----CORRECT ANSWER----------You must carry a 24 - hour emergency response phone number on the shipping paper and emergency response information for each hazardous material. The proper shipping papers must be carried in the passenger compartment of the vehicle when you transport and hazardous material. You may also need to placard you vehicle and obtain a CDL. When is placarding required? When is a commercial driver's license (CDL) required? -----CORRECT ANSWER----------Placarding is required when transporting pesticides bearing a DOT poison label in containers larger than 119 gallons or in quantities greater than 1,000 pounds. A CDL is required of anyone operating commercial motor vehicles that meet any of the following criteria: has a gross vehicle weight of 26,001 pounds or more, is designed or used to transport 16 or more persons, or transports hazardous materials in amounts that require placarding.
What precautions should be taken before putting pesticides into storage? -- ---CORRECT ANSWER----------READ the label. Check that the container is tightly sealed and undamaged, and that the label is intact and legible. Mark each container with its date of purchase and use older chemicals first. Buy only as much chemicals as you need for a treatment season. Keep a good onsite inventory. Put the containers on a pallet or on shelves to help prevent water damage or corrosion. Store pesticides only in their original containers unless the container is damaged. What determines whether a given plant is a weed? -----CORRECT ANSWER----------A weed is any unwanted plant What are the two main goals of weed management? -----CORRECT ANSWER----------The primary goal is to minimize weed competition and the other main goal is to limit the weed's reproduction in order to manage the weed population in years to come. Distinguish grasses from broadleaf plants and herbaceous from woody plants -----CORRECT ANSWER----------Grasses are considered monocots, meaning they have a single seed leaf, they also have narrow leaves with parallel veins and a fibrous root system. Broadleaf plants have two seed leaves and are therefore called dicots, they have broad leaves with veins that form a net patterns. Broadleaf plants can be further classified into herbaceous and woody, where the woody plants have a thick layer of dense tissue called bark, which herbaceous plants lack. Describe the life cycles and propagation of annual, biennial, and perennial plants -----CORRECT ANSWER----------Annual plants live for less than a year, they produce many seeds in one growing season, and then die. Summer annuals winter as seeds, and winter annuals winter as a low- growing plant, both summer and winter annuals are easiest to control when
they are small. Biennial plants live for two growing seasons, they germinate from seed in the spring or summer and winter as a rosette of leaves. They flower in their second year, produce seeds and then die. Both annuals and biennials reproduce only by seed. Perennial plants live for at least 2 years and sometimes longer, they may reproduce by seed or vegetatively through several different mechanisms. What is needed to kill annual, biennial, and perennial weeds and when is it easiest to do so? -----CORRECT ANSWER----------To kill annuals or biennials, you must kill the whole shoot. Controlling these weeds with tillage or herbicides will kill them plus stop seed production, which will reduce future weed problems. The most effective way to kill perennials is to destroy the underground vegetative structures by either repeatedly tilling the soil or by using a herbicide that translocates to destroy all of the plant parts. How should you time herbicide application with respect to a plant's life cycle and which timing is most effective? -----CORRECT ANSWER---------- All weeds may start as seedlings and it is most effective to treat the plants at this stage because less energy is required to kill the plants at this stage than at any other. Biennials and Annuals are controlled by a fall or early spring treatment, and perennials are controlled best with a fall treatment as well. What are the effects of soil texture and organic matter content on application of soil herbicides? -----CORRECT ANSWER----------Soil organic matter and clay particles can adsorb soil-applied herbicides, meaning more herbicide will be required in these types of soils because the herbicide will be bound to the soil particles and will not be available to be absorbed by the weeds.
What are the similarities and differences between foliar, cut-surface, and basal bark applications? -----CORRECT ANSWER----------Foliar applications are put directly onto the foliage of a growing plant. Basal bark applications are used to control shrubs, canes and thickets or trees up to 5 inches in diameter and are applied to the lower 18 inches of the stems. Cut-surface treatments are used to control plants with thick bark or when they have trunks larger than 5 inches in diameter at the base. Define and explain "pesticide". -----CORRECT ANSWER----------A pesticide is any substance used to directly control pest populations or to prevent or reduce pest damage. Pesticides can range from anything such as an insecticide to a herbicide to a fungicide. What is the difference between organic and inorganic? -----CORRECT ANSWER----------Organic means the compound contains the element carbon, it does not mean it is natural. Inorganic means that the it is derived from minerals that occur in nature. What is the difference between the different types of pesticide names? ----- CORRECT ANSWER----------Chemical name: complies with accepted guidelines established by chemists. Common name: normally appear on the label before or above the chemical name and refers to an active ingredient. Trade name: the name given by the manufacturer, appears in large letters at the top of the label Compare selective and non-selective herbicides: -----CORRECT ANSWER- ---------Selective herbicides only harm certain plants and leave others unharmed. Non-selective herbicides are toxic to most or all plants.
What are the uses and characteristics of contact and systemic herbicides? -----CORRECT ANSWER----------Contact herbicides do not move within the plant, they are sprayed on and only kill the parts of the plant they actually touch. Systemic herbicides are absorbed through leaves or roots and then mover or translocate within the treated plant. What are the effects and uses of plant growth regulators? -----CORRECT ANSWER----------Plant growth regulators do not kill plants, but are used to increase, decrease, or change in some fashion the normal growth and or reproduction of the plant. They may be used to retard plant growth and reduce the need for other chemical or mechanical management measures. Describe the function of inert ingredients: -----CORRECT ANSWER---------- They do not possess pesticidial activity but are added to improve application effectiveness, safety, handling, storage or other characteristics of the final product. Why are there different kinds of formulations and what needs to be considered when selecting one? -----CORRECT ANSWER----------The chemistry of the active ingredients dictate which formulations are possible, so when selecting a formulation the following should be considered: effectiveness of the active ingredient, registered use of the active ingredient, risks to the user, treated site and environment, measurability of the formulation, characteristics of the formulation and how they will effect equipment, temperature at which the formulation needs to be stored ect. Which formulations applied as liquids do the following: form suspensions or solutions when diluted, require agitation in the spray tank after mixing, tend to clog nozzles, are abrasive or may cause sprayer parts to deteriorate, and are likely to cause phytotoxicity. -----CORRECT ANSWER---------- Emulsifiable concentrates form milky suspensions and require minimal
What is involved in pesticide registration and re-registration and the practical importance of each? -----CORRECT ANSWER----------A pesticide must be registered by the EPA before it can legally be sold or used in the U.S. The EPA will register the use of a product when test data, submitted by the manufacturer, show that the intended use of the product will not create unreasonable risks. Pesticides are re-registered when they are an older product that has not gone through FIFRA to ensure they do not pose an unreasonable risk. Why are some products classified as restricted-use and who may purchase and apply such products? -----CORRECT ANSWER----------If the EPA determines that the benefits of a pesticide's use will outweigh the risks ONLY when trained persons use the pesticide, it will classify the pesticide as Restricted-Use Pesticide (RUP). Only a certified applicator may mix, load, apply, or direct the use of RUPs. What should you do when state and federal laws differ? -----CORRECT ANSWER----------State laws can be more strict than a federal law, but cannot be more lenient. It is the applicators responsibility to know when the laws differ and to follow the more strict state standard. What is the difference between a private applicator, a commercial applicator for hire and a commercial applicator not for hire? -----CORRECT ANSWER----------Private applicators use or direct the use of pesticides for the purpose of producing an agricultural commodity and the applications occur on land owned or rented by you or your employer. Commercial applicators for hire use or direct the use of pesticides on a contract basis, meaning you get paid by a third party to perform your services. Commercial applicators not for hire use or direct the use of pesticides only to sites that your or your employer controls and do not contract out your pesticide application services.
What are the conditions that must be met to register an employee as a temporary commercial applicator trainee? -----CORRECT ANSWER---------- The trainee registration is only valid for 30 days, a trainee may not use a restricted-use pesticide or direct the use of a pesticide, applications of pesticide must be under direct supervision of a commercial applicator who is certified and licensed in the appropriate category, trainee must have a copy of the registration on hand when using a pesticide. What are the certification and licensing requirements for commercial applicators? -----CORRECT ANSWER----------You must be at least 16 years old, pass an exam demonstrating knowledge of the proper, safe and legal use of pesticides, and possess a license allowing them to legally apply pesticides in Wisconsin and a certification card. Commercial applicators must also re-certify every 5 years. What applications should you keep records for, and how long should you keep these records? -----CORRECT ANSWER----------Records must be kept for any application for which both certification and licensing are required, however it is a good idea to keep record of all pesticide applications whether required by law or not. Records should be kept for at least 2 years. What is meant by prohibited pesticide, limited-use pesticide and a pesticide governed by a special rule? -----CORRECT ANSWER----------A prohibited pesticide is prohibited from being used due to the exceptionally hazardous nature of the pesticide. Limited-use pesticides are to be used only for specifically defined uses. Special rule pesticides pose a risk to the environment or to human health and are regulated by special rules. These rules may specify maximum product rates and the timing and frequency of applications withing a growing season.
What are the signal words that you can find on a pesticide label? ----- CORRECT ANSWER----------Danger-poison (with skull and crossbones), Danger, warning and caution. What is a signal word? How does it relate to the toxicity of a product? ----- CORRECT ANSWER----------Signal words identify the toxicity category that a chemical belongs to, the words listed in decreasing order of toxicity are Danger-poison, danger, warning and caution. What are 4 ways you can legally deviate from label directions? ----- CORRECT ANSWER----------When applying a pesticide at a lower concentration than specified on the label, applying a pesticide against any target pest not specified on the label if application is to the site specified on the label, using any method of application not prohibited by the label, or mixing two or more pesticides that are not mentioned as incompatible by the label. What do you do if state laws are more strict than label directions? ----- CORRECT ANSWER----------Follow the state law Which directions should you follow when using a product whose label has changed since you bought it? -----CORRECT ANSWER----------In most cases you should follow the label that came with the product, however if a registrant state or federal agency cancels or prohibits the use or a specific use of a product, then you must use the product by the phaseout date. You may also follow the new label if additional safety regulations have been placed on the product. What are some differences between pesticide labels and and SDS? ----- CORRECT ANSWER----------Every pesticide will have an SDS (safety data
sheet), and the SDS is regulated by OSHA rather than FIFRA. The SDS will contain more detailed information than the label about he product's chemical and physical properties, toxicological and ecological information, first-air procedures, and emergency response. What is the difference between hazard and toxicity? -----CORRECT ANSWER----------Hazard is the potential for injury. Toxicity is a measure of a pesticides capacity to cause injury and is a property of the chemical itself. Hazard = Toxicity x Exposure What are the four routes by which a pesticide can enter your body? ----- CORRECT ANSWER----------Dermal exposure (skin), eye exposure, oral exposure (eating), inhalation exposure (breathing). What are examples of poor work habits that lead to pesticide exposure? ----
- CORRECT ANSWER----------Not wearing proper PPE, rubbing eyes/face with contaminated gloves, eating without washing your hands first, handling pesticides in confined or poorly ventilated areas. How is exposed skin and pesticide formulation related to absorption into the skin? -----CORRECT ANSWER----------The amount of pesticide your skin absorbs depends on the chemical itself, the extent of the exposure, the product's formulation, area of skin exposed, and the condition of the skin exposed. Oil based products are absorbed more easily and the genital area tends to be the most absorptive area. Also hot, sweaty skin will absorb pesticides more readily. What is the relationship between a pesticides toxicity and its LD50 and/or LC50? -----CORRECT ANSWER----------Lethal Dose 50% is the amount of pesticide required to kill half of the animal test population that is exposed to
How does PPE reduce the hazard associated with pesticide use? ----- CORRECT ANSWER----------It greatly reduces your dermal, inhalation and eye exposure to pesticides. What precautions should you take in addition to wearing PPE to reduce your exposure to pesticides? -----CORRECT ANSWER----------Never eat, drink or smoke while handling pesticides and wash your hands after handling pesticides. Take a shower at the end of each work day and use common sense. Who is covered by the Hazard Communications Standard? -----CORRECT ANSWER----------All employers with one or more employees. What are the features of effective PPE? -----CORRECT ANSWER---------- Chemical resistant, resistant to punctures or tears under normal conditions of use, well sealed at seams and comfortable enough that people will actually wear it. How does chemical resistance effect a workers acceptance of PPE? ----- CORRECT ANSWER----------It must be resistant enough to keep chemicals away from the skin. What are the different levels of protection provided by the different types of work apparel/PPE? -----CORRECT ANSWER----------Work clothes: they serve to only keep small amounts of contaminants away from your skin. Coveralls: should cover everything but feet hands and head. Will not protect you from a chemical splash or spill.
Spray suits: chemical resistant and can be worn instead of coveralls. Liquid proof suits should be worn if you expect prolonged contact with splashes or spraying mist. Aprons: chemical resistant aprons should be worn when mixing or loading pesticides to provide an extra layer of protection. Gloves: Unlined chemical resistant gloves. Cotton, leather, and canvas gloves will not protect you from exposure. How should you arrange pesticides in storage to protect the products and containers? -----CORRECT ANSWER----------Separate chemicals by type within the storage area. Isolate the volatile pesticides so their vapors will not contaminate other products. Do not store dry chemicals on shelves below liquid chemicals. Describe the short-term storage of empty containers and of pesticides at an application site: -----CORRECT ANSWER----------You must cover or otherwise secure pesticides and containers that you temporarily hold at a mixing and loading or application site to prevent unauthorized access or water contamination. You must have a designated area for properly rinsed containers. When must you comply with the pesticide bulk storage rule? ----- CORRECT ANSWER----------To protect groundwater, DATCP enforces the bulk pesticide storage rule (ATCP 33) when liquid pesticides in containters larger than 55 gallons or solid pesticides in undivided quantities greater than 100 pounds are to be stored. Anyone who commercially distributes or sells bulk pesticides must comply with the rule as well. Why does mixing and loading pesticides pose a significant hazard to the environment and the person(s) performing the task? -----CORRECT ANSWER----------Due to the concentrations and quantities of pesticides
