Understanding Wireless Network Technologies: GSM, LTE, GPRS, CDMA, and 5G, Study notes of Computer Networks

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WIRELESS NETWORK

computer NETWORKS -

Overview :

 GSM- Global System for Mobile Communication  LTE- Long Term Evolution  GPRS- General Packet Radio System  CDMA- Code Division Multiple Access  5G- 5th Generation Technology

More about GSM :

• (^) GSM owns a market share of more than 70 % of the world's digital cellular subscribers.
• (^) GSM makes use of narrowband Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) technique for transmitting signals.
• (^) GSM was developed using digital technology. It has an ability to carry 64 kbps to 120 Mbps of data rates.
• (^) Presently GSM supports more than one billion mobile subscribers in more than 210 countries throughout the world.

Features Of GSM : Why GSM?

• (^) Improved spectrum efficiency.
• (^) International roaming.
• (^) Low-cost mobile sets and base stations (BSs).
• (^) High-quality speech.
• (^) Compatibility with Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) and other telephone company services.
• (^) Support for new services.

LTE Evolution :

Year Event Mar 2000 Release 99 - UMTS/WCDMA Mar 2002 Rel 5 - HSDPA Mar 2005 Rel 6 - HSUPA Year 2007 Rel 7 - DL MIMO, IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) November 2004 Work started on LTE specification January 2008 Spec finalized and approved with Release 8 2010 Targeted first deployment

Advantages of LTE :

• (^) High throughput: High data rates can be achieved in both downlink as well as uplink. This causes high throughput.
• (^) Low latency: Time required to connect to the network is in range of a few hundred milliseconds and power saving states can now be entered and exited very quickly.
• (^) FDD and TDD in the same platform: Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (FDD), both schemes can be used on same platform.
• (^) Superior end-user experience:
• (^) Seamless Connection: LTE will also support seamless connection to existing networks such as GSM, CDMA and WCDMA.
• (^) Plug and play:
• (^) Simple architecture: Because of Simple architecture low operating expenditure (OPEX).

Key Features:

• (^) The always online feature - Removes the dial-up process, making applications only one click away.
• (^) An upgrade to existing systems - Operators do not have to replace their equipment; rather, GPRS is added on top of the existing infrastructure.
• (^) An integral part of future 3G systems - GPRS is the packet data core network for 3G systems EDGE and WCDMA.

Goals of GPRS :

• (^) GPRS is the first step toward an end-to-end wireless infrastructure and has the following goals : I. Open architecture II. Consistent IP services III. Same infrastructure for different air interfaces IV. Integrated telephony and Internet infrastructure

Salient Features of CDMA

• (^) In CDMA, every channel uses the full available spectrum.
• (^) Individual conversations are encoded with a pseudo- random digital sequence and then transmitted using a wide frequency range.
• (^) CDMA consistently provides better capacity for voice and data communications, allowing more subscribers to connect at any given time.
• (^) CDMA is the common platform on which 3G technologies are built.

CDMA Channels :

• (^) The Forward channel is the direction of the communication or mobile-to-cell downlink path. It includes the following channels −
• (^) Pilot Channel
• (^) Sync Channel
• (^) Paging Channel
• (^) Forward Traffic Channel

5G- Fifth Generation Technology :

• (^) 5G is the Fifth Generation technology. It has many advanced features potential enough to solve many of the problems of our mundane life.
• (^) It is beneficial for the government, as it can make the governance easier; for the students, as it can make available the advanced courses, classes, and materials online; it is easier for the common people as well, as it can facilitate them the internet everywhere.

Salient Features of 5G

• (^) Practically possible to avail the super speed i.e. 1 to 10 Gbps.
• (^) Latency will be 1 millisecond (end-to-end round trip).
• (^) 1,000x bandwidth per unit area.
• (^) Feasibility to connect 10 to 100 number of devices.
• (^) Worldwide coverage.
• (^) About 90% reduction in network energy usage.
• (^) Battery life will be much longer.
• (^) Whole world will be in wi f zone.

What is 5G Technology :

• (^) High increased peak bit rate
• (^) Larger data volume per unit area (i.e. high system spectral efficiency)
• (^) High capacity to allow more devices connectivity concurrently and instantaneously
• (^) Lower battery consumption
• (^) Better connectivity irrespective of the geographic region, in which you are
• (^) Larger number of supporting devices
• (^) Lower cost of infrastructural development
• (^) Higher reliability of the communications

Architecture of 5G