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1 Which of these is not a characterisƟc of fitness? a. Fitness is environment-specific. b. Fitness is species-specific. c. Higher reproducƟve rate means higher fitness. d. Fitness should be measured across several generaƟons. 2 Ecology is the scienƟfic study of interacƟons among organisms and their ___. (Fill in the blanks) a. habitat b. niche c. environment d. populaƟon 3 "Enquiry into plants" is a book wriƩen by a. Theophrastus b. Linnaeus c. Malthus d. Humboldt 4 Which of these is not a kind of selecƟon a. direcƟonal b. stochasƟc c. disrupƟve d. stabilising 5 Ecology is the scienƟfic study of ___ that determine the distribuƟon and abundance of organisms. (Fill in the blanks) a. staƟcs b. interacƟons c. dynamics d. habitat
6 Which of these is not a step in natural selecƟon? a. variaƟon b. underpopulaƟon c. struggle for existence d. survival of the fiƩest 7 Which of these is not a characterisƟc of fitness? a. Fitness is environment-specific. b. Fitness is species-specific. c. Fitness works on traits such as size and speed. d. Fitness should be measured across several generaƟons. 8 In the Greek word root of Ecology, Oikos refers to a. household b. preservaƟon c. environment d. study 9 In the Greek word root of Ecology, logos refers to a. household b. preservaƟon c. environment d. study 10 Who amongst these is considered the father of Biogeography? a. Theophrastus b. Linnaeus c. Malthus d. Humboldt 1 For more biodiversity, the level of disturbance should be
b. Cell c. Tissue d. Organ 7 "the diversity that exists among different geographies" is a. alpha (α) biodiversity b. beta (β) biodiversity c. gamma (γ) biodiversity d. delta (δ) biodiversity 8 "the diversity that exists within an ecosystem" is a. alpha (α) biodiversity b. beta (β) biodiversity c. gamma (γ) biodiversity d. delta (δ) biodiversity 9 The hierarchical system was given by a. Simon b. Watson c. Hutchinson d. Humboldt 10 The laboratory approach to Ecology uses a. equaƟons b. models c. observaƟons d. experiments 1 I observe a bird take a Ɵck out of another bird's head and eat it. In the social context, this behaviour would be called a. Ɵck hunƟng
b. auto grooming c. allo grooming d. foraging 2 The scienƟfic study of animal behaviour is called a. behaviourism b. ecology c. ethology d. prey-predator dynamics 3 Trampling of grass due to the movement of animals is an example of a. mutualism b. amensalism c. commensalism d. protocooperaƟon 4 Birds on giraffe are an example of a. colony b. commensalism c. protocooperaƟon d. allelopathy 5 I observe a monkey take a Ɵck out of another monkey's head and eat it. In the social context, this behaviour would be called a. Ɵck hunƟng b. auto grooming c. allo grooming d. foraging 6 Hamilton's rule can be stated as a. rB < C b. rB > C
2 If we all became vegetarians, we'll be able to support our large populaƟons. This can be explained through a. 10% rule b. 1% rule c. trophic cascade d. biodiversity 3 Consider the food chain: Grass → Grasshopper → Frog → Snake →Hawk. As we move up the food chain, a. available energy decreases b. available energy increases c. available energy remains same d. available energy is zero everywhere 4 Glacial lakes are typical examples of a. eutrophic lakes b. hypereutrophic lakes c. oligotrophic lakes d. mesotrophic lakes 5 Trees → Birds → Parasites → Hyperparasites represents a. upright pyramid of numbers b. inverted pyramid of numbers c. spindle pyramid of numbers d. dumb-bell pyramid of numbers 6 Consider the food chain: Grass → Grasshopper → Frog → Snake →Hawk. In this food chain, a. frog is producer b. frog is consumer and carnivore c. frog is consumer and herbivore d. frog is decomposer
7 At the compensaƟon point, a. photosynthesis = respiraƟon b. photosynthesis < respiraƟon c. photosynthesis > respiraƟon d. photosynthesis = 0 8 Consider the food chain: Grass → Grasshopper → Frog → Snake →Hawk. In this food chain, a. more number of hawks than grasshoppers can be supported b. more number of grasshoppers than hawks can be supported c. equal number of hawks and grasshoppers can be supported d. none of these 9 Consider the food chain: Grass → Grasshopper → Frog → Snake →Hawk. In this food chain, a. hawk is producer b. hawk is consumer and carnivore c. hawk is consumer and herbivore d. hawk is decomposer 10 Net primary producƟvity is given by a. APAR × LUE b. APAR + LUE c. APAR - LUE d. APAR / LUE 1 Which of these is not a measure of absolute populaƟon density? a. total count b. pelt count c. capture-recapture method d. removal method 2 The juvenile mortality rate is the annual number of deaths of juveniles per a. 100 births
a. I shaped b. J shaped c. S shaped d. O shaped 8 Pan traps are used for sampling a. bees b. buƩerflies c. non-pollinator insects d. pollinator insects 9 A sampling procedure such that each possible combinaƟon of sampling units out of the populaƟon has the same chance of being selected is referred to as a. Simple random sampling b. SystemaƟc sampling c. StraƟfied sampling d. MulƟstage sampling 10 Which of these is true? a. Physiological longevity > Ecological longevity b. Physiological longevity = Ecological longevity c. Physiological longevity < Ecological longevity d. a or b 1 Importance value varies from a. 0 to 10 b. 0 to 50 c. 0 to 100 d. 0 to 300 2 A species found most frequently in a parƟcular community, but also present occasionally in others is called a. accidental species
b. indifferent species c. selecƟve species d. exclusive species 3 Which of these depicts correctly the lithosere primary succession? a. Rock → Crustose lichen → Foliose lichen → Moss →Herbaceous stage → Shrub → Woodland → Climax b. Rock → Foliose lichen → Crustose lichen → Moss →Herbaceous stage → Shrub → Woodland → Climax c. Moss → Crustose lichen → Foliose lichen → Rock →Herbaceous stage → Shrub → Woodland → Climax d. Rock → Crustose lichen → Foliose lichen → Shrub →Herbaceous stage → Moss → Woodland → Climax 4 Importance value can be wriƩen as a. RelaƟve density + RelaƟve frequency X RelaƟve dominance b. RelaƟve density X RelaƟve frequency + RelaƟve dominance c. RelaƟve density + RelaƟve frequency + RelaƟve dominance d. RelaƟve density X RelaƟve frequency X RelaƟve dominance 5 Lithosere is an example of a. hydrosere b. xerosere c. psammosere d. halosere 6 The climax near Tindni village is being controlled by disturbance by caƩle. This is an example of a. climaƟc climax b. edaphic climax c. disclimax d. catastrophic climax 7 A climax caused by wildfires is an example of
3 The movement of individuals away from their place of birth or hatching or seed producƟon into a new habitat or area to survive and reproduce is called a. translocaƟon b. migraƟon c. dispersal d. driŌing 4 "The geographical distribuƟon of a species will be controlled by that environmental factor for which the organism has the narrowest range of tolerance." This is the statement for a. Liebig’s law of the minimum b. Liebig’s law of the maximum c. Shelford’s law of tolerance d. Shelford’s law of intolerance 5 "Quick movement over large distances, oŌen across unsuitable terrain" is a descripƟon of a. diffusion b. secular dispersal c. jump dispersal d. driŌing 6 The regular, seasonal movement of animals, oŌen along fixed routes is called a. translocaƟon b. migraƟon c. dispersal d. driŌing 7 The movement of lions across the Gir landscape is an example of a. diffusion b. secular dispersal c. jump dispersal
d. driŌing 8 Which of these is not a physical factor of habitat? a. soil b. moisture c. predators d. temperature 9 TransplantaƟon experiments are used to find a. potenƟal range b. effecƟve range c. actual range d. economic range 10 I tried growing vegetables under my teak plantaƟon, but the vegetable plants died out. I should be concerned about a. autophagy b. allelophagy c. autopathy d. allelopathy 1 CapƟve breeding is an example of a. in-situ conservaƟon b. ex-situ conservaƟon c. in-situ preservaƟon d. ex-situ preservaƟon 2 The “subset of physical and bioƟc environmental factors that permit an animal (or plant) to survive and reproduce” is the definiƟon of a. habitat b. ecosystem
8 Which of these is a stochasƟc factor? a. birth rate b. death rate c. populaƟon structure d. environmental fluctuaƟon 9 According to Leopold, which of these is not a tool of habitat management? a. fire b. gun c. caƩle d. sickle 10 Zoo is an example of a. in-situ conservaƟon b. ex-situ conservaƟon c. in-situ preservaƟon d. ex-situ preservaƟon 1 Which of these is a prevenƟve check according to Malthus? a. foresight b. vice c. misery d. flood 2 Which of these is not a pillar of sustainability? a. environmental sustainability b. economic sustainability c. trans-boundary sustainability d. social sustainability 3 ___ is used to idenƟfy which potenƟal impacts are relevant to assess. (Fill in the blank)
a. screening b. scoping c. reporƟng d. review 4 Which of these is a posiƟve check according to Malthus? a. late marriage b. war c. celibacy d. moral restraint 5 Which of these is a pillar of sustainability a. social sustainability b. industrial sustainability c. agricultural sustainability d. trans-boundary sustainability 6 The demographic transiƟon sees a society move from a. high birth rate, low death rate to low birth rate, low death rate b. low birth rate, high death rate to low birth rate, low death rate c. high birth rate, high death rate to low birth rate, low death rate d. high birth rate, high death rate to low birth rate, high death rate 7 The book "An Essay on the Principle of PopulaƟon" was wriƩen by a. Darwin b. Malthus c. Spencer d. Owens 8 The quantum of human impacts is given by a. I = P × A × T b. I = P + A + T c. I = P + A - T
3 Which of these is not a climaƟc forcing for Earth? a. changes in plate tectonics b. changes in Earth's orbit c. changes in Moon's orbit d. changes in Sun's strength 4 Which of these is not a principle of ecological restoraƟon? a. ecological integrity b. long-term sustainability c. benefits and engages scienƟsts d. informed by past and future 5 “The ability of a system to adjust to climate change (including climate variability and extremes) to moderate potenƟal damages, to take advantage of opportuniƟes, or to cope with the consequences” is a definiƟon for a. adapƟve response b. adapƟve capacity c. miƟgaƟve response d. miƟgaƟve capacity 6 Which of these is not a principle of ecological restoraƟon? a. ecological integrity b. short-term sustainability c. benefits and engages society d. informed by past and future 7 Macrodebris in the context of plasƟc debris has fragments of size a. > 20 mm b. 5 - 20 mm c. < 5 mm d. < 1 mm
8 Because of climate change, Mudumalai Tiger Reserve is suffering from frequent droughts. The management has built several arƟficial water holes for animals, and fills them up regularly with tankers. In the context of climate change, such an acƟon would be called a. adaptaƟon b. miƟgaƟon c. deceleraƟon d. maladaptaƟon 9 “Any changes in natural or human systems that inadvertently increase vulnerability to climaƟc sƟmuli; an adaptaƟon that does not succeed in reducing vulnerability but increases it instead” is a definiƟon for a. adaptaƟon b. miƟgaƟon c. maladaptaƟon d. malmiƟgaƟon 10 Which of these is not a climaƟc forcing for Earth? a. changes in plate tectonics b. changes in Earth's orbit c. changes in Sun's orbit d. changes in Sun's strength 1 A pest populaƟon is called uncontrolled when a. it is increasing b. it is not decreasing c. it is causing some economic damage d. it is causing excessive economic damage 2 The impact of El Nino on fishery collapse in Peru is explained by a. match hypothesis b. mismatch hypothesis c. match-mismatch hypothesis d. none of these 3 Which of these is correct?
