what is kinetics and kinematics, Schemes and Mind Maps of Biomechanics

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Kinematics

Linear kinematics ,Angular kinematics and Linear motion Angular motion

Kinematics:

• (^) Kinematics is the accurate description of motion and is essential to understanding the biomechanics of human motion. Kinematics can range from anatomical descriptions of joint rotations to precise mathematical measurements of musculoskeletal motions.

Linear motion :

• (^) Motion along one of the x , y, z axes in which all points of the system move at the same time , in the same direction ,and the same distance with respect to defined reference frame also called translation.
• (^) The linear path of a system in translation can be straight ( rectilinear ) or curved ( curvilinear).

Linear motion

• (^) Rectilinear if the line is straight the motion is called rectilinear. a motorcyclist maintaining a motionless posture as the bike moves along a straight path is moving rectilinearly.
  • (^) Curvilinear If the line is curved , the motion is curvilinear. If the motorcyclist jumps the bike and the frame of the bike does not rotate , both the rider and the bike are moving curvilinearly while airborne.

Angular motion :

• (^) Angular motion is rotation around a central imaginary line known as the axis of rotation, which is oriented perpendicular to the plane in which the rotation occurs. When a gymnast performs a giant circle ona bar, the entire body rotates, with the axis of rotation passing through the center of the bar.

Linear distance and displacement

• (^) Linear distance (I) : the total length of the path traveled by the system of the interest
• (^) Linear displacement (d ) : the change in linear position of the system in a straight line.

Distance and Displacement

Linear speed and velocity

• (^) Speed : Often want to know how fast a system changes position , the rate of motion.
• (^) Speed : the scalar rate of motion
• (^) S = speed
• (^) L = linear distance traveled
• (^) ∆t = time final –time initial

Linear velocity :

• (^) We define linear velocity as the displacement of the body over time. For example, if a person ran one mile, or approximately 1600 meters, in seven minutes, they would have covered approximately 230 meters per minute in a certain direction.
• (^) Time = t
• (^) Speed=s =l/∆t
• (^) Velocity = v = d/∆t

Average speed / velocity:

• Speed or velocity divided by the entire

interval ever which it I measured

Linear acceleration

• (^) Its unit is meter per second squared or m s−2.
• (^) If t (time is taken), v (final velocity) and u (initial velocity) are provided.
• (^) Then the acceleration formula:
• (^) v = u+at

Angular Kinematics

• (^) Understanding angular motion is particularly important for the student of human movement, because most volitional human movement involves rotation of one or more body segments around the joints at which they articulate. Translation of the body as a whole during gait occurs by virtue of rotational motions taking place at the hip, knee, and ankle around imaginary mediolateral axes of rotation. During the performance of jumping jacks, both the arms and the legs rotate around imaginary anteroposterior axes passing through the shoulder and hip joints. The angular motion of sport implements such as golf clubs, baseball bats, and hockey sticks, as well as household and garden tools, is also often of interest

Angular distance and displacement :

• (^) Distance : It is the angle in radians through which a point or line has been rotated in a specified sense about a specified axis.
• (^) Displacement: It is the angle in radians through which a point or line has been rotated in a specified sense about a specified axis.