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What is CSS ? Explain in detail with examples., Study notes of Web Programming and Technologies

This document provides a comprehensive overview of CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) and its role in web programming. It covers the basics of CSS syntax, selectors, properties, and values, as well as advanced topics such as responsive design, Flexbox, Grid layout, and CSS animations. Suitable for students in computer science or web development courses, this material is ideal for both beginners and intermediate learners. The content is based on lectures from [Course/Professor Name, if applicable], and includes examples, exercises, and best practices.

Typology: Study notes

2022/2023

Available from 05/11/2025

kartikksharma
kartikksharma 🇮🇳

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Q: What is CSS? Explain in detail.
Answer: CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets.CSS is a programming
language used to describe the style and layout of HTML documents.
It tells the browser how elements of an HTML document should appear on the
screen.
CSS is considered the backbone of web design because it allows developers to
apply styles, layouts, fonts, and colors to HTML content.
CSS helps to make websites look more attractive and professional. It is widely
used in the web world for designing websites and adding advanced features to
them.
How to link CSS to HTML:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<link rel="stylesheet"
href="style.css">
</head>
<body>
<!-- Content goes here -->
</body>
</html>
Features of CSS:
1. It is the backbone of HTML.
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Q: What is CSS? Explain in detail.

Answer: CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets.CSS is a programming

language used to describe the style and layout of HTML documents.

It tells the browser how elements of an HTML document should appear on the

screen.

CSS is considered the backbone of web design because it allows developers to

apply styles, layouts, fonts, and colors to HTML content.

CSS helps to make websites look more attractive and professional. It is widely

used in the web world for designing websites and adding advanced features to

them.

How to link CSS to HTML:

<link rel="stylesheet"

href="style.css">

Features of CSS:

1. It is the backbone of HTML.

2. It has lots of fonts and colors properties.

3. We can change layout very easily.

4. It requires just basic HTML knowledge.

5. It has a very wide scope.

6. Performance is fast.

7. It saves a lot of time.

8. It increases website adaptability.

9. It provides attractive look to websites.

10. It is a flexible language.

1. Embedded CSS / Internal CSS

When we put our CSS code directly into the HTML file, it is called Embedded CSS (or Internal CSS). This is done using the

This is a heading

2) Inline CSS:

In Inline CSS, we use the style attribute directly inside an HTML element to define a style rule.

This means we apply style or changes to a particular HTML element directly. It is useful for quick and small changes.

Program Example:

Inline CSS

<h1 style="color:

#36c;">Hello

3) External CSS:

In External CSS, the style rules are written in a separate text file with a .css extension.

You can define all the styles in that file, and then link it to your HTML document using the tag inside the section.

Example:

a. CSS Code (File: a.css)

h1, h2, h3 { color: #36c; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 0.1em; margin-bottom: 1em; text-transform: lowercase; }

b. HTML Code

Selector { property: value; }

Example:

table { border: 1px solid #c0d; }

Selector: table

Property: border

Values: 1px, solid, #c0d

Selector in CSS

A Selector is an HTML tag or identifier at which a CSS style will be applied. It targets specific elements on a web page such as

, , , etc.

Types of Selectors:

1. Universal Selector

Applies to all elements.

Syntax: * { }

2. Descendant Selector

Targets a particular element inside another element.

Syntax: div p { } (selects all

inside

)

3. Class Selector

Targets elements with a specific class attribute.

Syntax: .classname { }

4. ID Selector

Targets an element with a specific ID.

Syntax: #idname { }

5. Child Selector

Targets direct sub-elements only.

Syntax: div > p { }

6. Attribute Selector

Applies style to elements with a specific attribute.

Syntax: input[type="text"] { }

7. Grouping Selector

Groups multiple elements to apply the same style.

Syntax: h1, h2, p { }