Water Resources. Natural Resources. Types of water resources. Source of water resources, Slides of Environmental Science

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WATER RESOURCES

INTRODUCTION

• (^) Water is renewable resource.
• (^) It is main constitute of hydrosphere.
• (^) Water is found in Glaciers, ice caps, lakes, streams, soils, underground reservoirs and in the bodies of all living organisms.
• (^) Water is needed for daily use by organisms, for domestic use, irrigation, industrial use, electricity production etc.

WATER FRESH WATER SALINE WATER 2.5 % 97.5 % 2 % FROZEN /GLACIAL ICE 0.5 % GROUND WATER 0.02 % LAKES & RIVERS 0.01 % SOIL 0.0001 % ATMOSPHERE

Source of Water Surface water Ground Water

- Ponds - Springs

• Lakes - Infiltration galleries
• Streams - Wells - Dug well
• Rivers - Tube well
• Storage reservoir - Artesian well
• Stored rain water - French well
• Sea water

2. Lake:

• (^) A natural large sized depression formed within the surface of earth, when gets filled up with water is known as lake.
• (^) The quality of water in a lake is generally good and does not need much purification.
• (^) Larger and older lakes provide comparatively purer water than the smaller and newer lakes.
• (^) Self purification of water due to sedimentation of suspended matter, bleaching of color, removal of bacteria etc. makes the lake water purer and better.

• (^) On the other hand, in still waters of lakes, and ponds, the algae, weed and vegetable growth takes place freely, imparting bad smell, tastes and colors to such waters. 3. Streams:
• (^) In hilly regions, generally small amount of water runs off towards the earth. This small run-offs are known as streams.
• (^) These streams feed their waters to lakes or rivers.
• (^) Quantity of water available in them is very small and sometimes they may even sometimes go dry.

6. Stored rain water:

• At some places, on the terrace of the buildings water is stored during rainy season in a big tank and thereafter whenever requirement is there that stored water is used.

7. Sea water:

• The oceans contain about 97% of the total water in the world, but as ocean waters contain high concentration of salts (approx. 3.5%), it becomes uneconomical to make this water potable.

• Potable water is obtained from sea water by carrying out desalting or demineralising.

2. Infiltration Galleries:

• (^) Infiltration galleries are horizontal or nearly horizontal tunnels constructed at shallow depth (3-5 m) along the banks of the river through the water bearing levels.