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Utah Cosmetology Instructor Exam: Complete Questions and Answers, Exams of Cosmetology

A comprehensive set of questions and answers for the utah cosmetology instructor exam. it covers various aspects of cosmetology instruction, including teaching methodologies, classroom management, assessment techniques, and business principles. The detailed explanations make it a valuable resource for aspiring and practicing instructors.

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UTAH COSMETOLOGY INSTRUCTOR EXAM
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
"Bodily/Kinesthetic Intelligence - CORRECT ANSWER The ability to use the physical body
skillfully to solve problems, create products, or present ideas and emotions, as well as take in
knowledge through bodily sensations such as coordination or working with the hands"
"Interpersonal Intelligence - CORRECT ANSWER The ability to relate to others, noticing
their moods, motivations, and feelings"
"Musical/Rhythmic Intelligence - CORRECT ANSWER The ability to comprehend and/or
create meaningful musical sounds"
"Naturalist Intelligence - CORRECT ANSWER The ability to make consequential distinctions
in the natural world and to use this ability productively such as in farming or biological sciences"
"Authority - CORRECT ANSWER An individual cited or appealed to as an expert; the power to
influence or command thought, opinion, and behavior"
"Encoding - CORRECT ANSWER The packaging and controlling of messages"
"Decode - CORRECT ANSWER To interpret or give meaning to a message"
"The Four Basic Modes of Body Language - CORRECT ANSWER Responsive, Reflective,
Fugitive, Combative"
"Anecdotes - CORRECT ANSWER A short account of some interesting or humorous incident"
"Articulation - CORRECT ANSWER The act or process of pronouncing distinctly and
carefully; enunciation"
"Stimuli - CORRECT ANSWER Anything causing or regarded as causing a response;
something that incites or rouses to action"
"The 6 P's (positive) - CORRECT ANSWER Proper Preparation and Practice Promote Positive
Performance"
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UTAH COSMETOLOGY INSTRUCTOR EXAM

COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS

"Bodily/Kinesthetic Intelligence - CORRECT ANSWER The ability to use the physical body

skillfully to solve problems, create products, or present ideas and emotions, as well as take in knowledge through bodily sensations such as coordination or working with the hands"

"Interpersonal Intelligence - CORRECT ANSWER The ability to relate to others, noticing

their moods, motivations, and feelings"

"Musical/Rhythmic Intelligence - CORRECT ANSWER The ability to comprehend and/or

create meaningful musical sounds"

"Naturalist Intelligence - CORRECT ANSWER The ability to make consequential distinctions

in the natural world and to use this ability productively such as in farming or biological sciences"

"Authority - CORRECT ANSWER An individual cited or appealed to as an expert; the power to

influence or command thought, opinion, and behavior"

"Encoding - CORRECT ANSWER The packaging and controlling of messages"

"Decode - CORRECT ANSWER To interpret or give meaning to a message"

"The Four Basic Modes of Body Language - CORRECT ANSWER Responsive, Reflective,

Fugitive, Combative"

"Anecdotes - CORRECT ANSWER A short account of some interesting or humorous incident"

"Articulation - CORRECT ANSWER The act or process of pronouncing distinctly and

carefully; enunciation"

"Stimuli - CORRECT ANSWER Anything causing or regarded as causing a response;

something that incites or rouses to action"

"The 6 P's (positive) - CORRECT ANSWER Proper Preparation and Practice Promote Positive

Performance"

"C.R.E.A.T.E. - CORRECT ANSWER Consider the topic, Research the topic, Examples for

clarification, Analyze your learners, Teach with poise, Enjoy and be enthusiastic"

"Situational Barrier - CORRECT ANSWER When a learner temporarily exhibits difficult

behavior that is different than the behavior/personality that is usually exhibited"

"Chronic Barrier - CORRECT ANSWER When a learner behaves in a difficult manner

consistently and affects other learners in a uncomfortable way"

"Conflict Management - CORRECT ANSWER Implementing strategies to limit and manage

negative aspects of conflict and to enhance learning and group effectiveness or performance in an educational setting"

"Accommodation Plan - CORRECT ANSWER Provides the necessary information for the

learner regarding the steps the school is able to reasonably take to accommodate the individual learner's needs"

"Dyslexia - CORRECT ANSWER A neurologically based specific learning disability that

hinders the learning of literacy or reading skills and creates a problem with managing verbal codes in memory"

"Epathetic - CORRECT ANSWER Characterized by an understanding so intimate that the

feelings, thoughts, and motives of one individual are readily comprehended and understood by another"

"Integration - CORRECT ANSWER One of four stages of information processing used in

learning; the stage in which perceived input is interpreted, categorized, placed in a sequence, or related to previous learning."

"Storage - CORRECT ANSWER One of four stages of information processing used in learning;

retaining the information that has been input and integrated; short term and long term memory." "Example, "The student will demonstrate responsibility by following school policies and

procedures at all times." - CORRECT ANSWER Affective Domain"

"Example, "The student will be able to identify from a list of chemicals those that should be stored

in a locked room or cabinet." - CORRECT ANSWER Cognitive Domain"

"Performance Checklist - CORRECT ANSWER A factual and objective form of grading that

uses specific performance criteria that help to remove educator bias from the rating process, resulting in more consistency"

"Multiple Category Grading - CORRECT ANSWER An evaluation chart that incorporates

scoring of more than one area of the learner assessment"

"Point Grading - CORRECT ANSWER Grading that assigns specific weights or points to each

criterion or task, which allows the educator to place emphasis on the more important tasks during evaluation"

"Development Opportunity - CORRECT ANSWER In some rubrics it indicates that the

student displays little or no evidence of competency; assistance is needed; performance includes multiple errors."

"Downtime - CORRECT ANSWER Salon time during which the student or professional is not

serving a client; when used effectively, downtime becomes productive."

"Zone Teaching - CORRECT ANSWER A method of student salon supervision that considers

three elements- student and client safety, client comfort, and practical teaching"

"TASK - CORRECT ANSWER Technical Assessment of Skills and Knowledge"

"Business Plan - CORRECT ANSWER A written description of your business as you see it

today, and as you foresee it in the next five years (detailed by year)."

"Consumption Supplies - CORRECT ANSWER Supplies used in the daily business operation of

the institution"

"Partnerships - CORRECT ANSWER A business enterprise owed by two or more"

"Retail Supplies - CORRECT ANSWER Supplies sold to clients"

"Sole Proprietor - CORRECT ANSWER One who owns all the assets of an unincorporated

business"

"Transferrable Skills - CORRECT ANSWER The skills mastered at other jobs that can be put

to use in a new position"

"Motivation - CORRECT ANSWER Having the drive to take the necessary action to achieve a

goal - the best kind is internal"

"Integrity - CORRECT ANSWER Commitment to a strong code of moral and artistic values."

"Strong Work Ethic - CORRECT ANSWER Taking pride in your work and committing

yourself to consistently doing a good job for your clients, employer , and salon team"

"Culture - CORRECT ANSWER Defines how students are trained, developed, and nurtured

into professionals; the traits or distinguishing characteristics or qualities that make up the institution's personality"

"Mission Statement - CORRECT ANSWER Describes the identity of the institution; is says

what the school is, what it does, what it hopes to accomplish or what it is trying to change, who it services and where it provides its services"

"Getology - CORRECT ANSWER The formal name for the physiological study of humor and

laughter and their effects on the human body"

"Hitchhiking - CORRECT ANSWER Taking an idea or information from another and

piggybacking off of it"

"Incongruity Theory - CORRECT ANSWER Laughter occurs when the outcome is different

from what is expected"

"Relief Theory - CORRECT ANSWER Laughter that occurs after a long period of tension,

stress, suspension, or danger. This aspect of laughter is used in films quite effectively."

"Spontaneity Theroy - CORRECT ANSWER Laughter occurs as a result of an unplanned

momentary impulse"

"Superiority Theory - CORRECT ANSWER the theory that we laugh at the misfortunes and

flaws of others and our own past follies (provided we've overcome them); the pleasure we take in humour comes from our feelings of being better than those we laugh at."

"Unconscious (humor) Competence - CORRECT ANSWER The educator has had so much

practice with using humor in the classroom that it becomes "second nature" and can be performed easily (often without concentrating too deeply). The educator's humor is spontaneous, warm and appropriate."

"Classroom Style Arrangement - CORRECT ANSWER An arrangement commonly used in

traditional education, can be used for lecture demonstration, discussion, or panel discussions; high control; poor opportunity for participation and/or interaction"

"Half-Round or Crescent Arrangement - CORRECT ANSWER AKA Cabaret; most popular for

learner centered education; used for lecture, demonstration, discussion, slide or video presentation, role playing, group projects and activities; lower control; high eye contact, participation and interaction"

"Semicircle Arrangment - CORRECT ANSWER An arrangement effective for small classes up

to about 10 learners; effective for informal discussion; high control"

"Theatre-Style Arrangement - CORRECT ANSWER An arrangement suitable for lecture, slide

use, and video projection; can be used for small or very large groups; high control; low opportunity for interaction and participation"

"U-Shaped Arrangement - CORRECT ANSWER An arrangement for small classes up to 15:

effective for lecture, demonstration, and discussion; high control"

"Confidential Student Profile - CORRECT ANSWER A document containing personal student

information and other relevant information, including copies of successful projects, thoughts on what motivates the student, goals and interests of the student, and any learning obstacles that affect the student."

"CLASSROOM ARRANGEMENTS - CORRECT ANSWER Helps to determine educator control,

sightlines with and among students, and overall student participation."

"COMPASSION - CORRECT ANSWER The deep feeling of sharing or feeling the pain or

suffering of another, sympathy."

"CONFERENCES - CORRECT ANSWER Private, nonthreatening, face to face talk to bring

about change, not to intimidate or control behavior."

"CONSISTENCY - CORRECT ANSWER Behaving the same way on repeated occasions when

the circumstances are the same or similar."

"COURSE OBJECTIVE - CORRECT ANSWER AKA: Program objective - specifies the learning

outcomes of the program of study."

"COURSE OF STUDY - CORRECT ANSWER AKA: Program of study - Properly developed

program will result in an orderly and systematic process of education."

"CRITICISM - CORRECT ANSWER Be open to constructive criticism, be humble, put yourself

in the other person's shoes, apologize if necessary and don't whine, cry, or blame others."

"CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT - CORRECT ANSWER The process of developing a set of

courses constituting an area of specialization as prescribed by the state regulatory agency."

"DEDUCTIVE REASONING - CORRECT ANSWER The process of reaching a probable

conclusion by employing logical reasoning."

"DEMOGRAPHICS - CORRECT ANSWER Average income, cost of services, age, ethnicity, etc.

within a specified area."

"DEMONSTRATION - CORRECT ANSWER Perform at an appropriate speed ensuring the

students do not miss any key points or steps."

"DEPT. OF EDUCATION - CORRECT ANSWER Sets forth specific regulations governing

student hours and financial aid disbursement."

"DISABLED LEARNER - CORRECT ANSWER Is responsible for providing documentation of

their disability and making a formal request for accommodations."

"DYSLEXIA - CORRECT ANSWER A specific learning disability that is an impairment in the

brain's ability to translate written images received by the eyes into meaningful language."

"ELIGIBLE STUDENT - CORRECT ANSWER A student above the age of 18 enrolled in a post

secondary school."

"FUN - CORRECT ANSWER The more a student has, the more a student learns."

"GESTURES - CORRECT ANSWER Adds meaning to words."

"GRADING - CORRECT ANSWER Evaluate learner achievement and build learner

confidence."

"HIGH-ORDER QUESTIONING - CORRECT ANSWER Open-ended, requiring the learner to

have knowledge and comprehension."

"STRESS - CORRECT ANSWER The inability to cope with a threat, real or imagined, that

results in a series of responses and adaptations by our minds and bodies."

"STUDENT WITHDRAWAL - CORRECT ANSWER Schools are expected to graduate a

reasonable percentage of the students who enroll and provide assistance to ensure graduates obtain their license."

"STUDENTS NEEDS - CORRECT ANSWER Must be met before learning can take place."

"SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS - CORRECT ANSWER Essay type questions that can be interpreted

differently by the educator and can result in lack of consistency when grading."

"OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS - CORRECT ANSWER Questions that have a definite answer."

"STEM - CORRECT ANSWER The question part of the multiple choice question."

"SYNERGY - CORRECT ANSWER Happens when one plus one equals three."

"TEAMWORK - CORRECT ANSWER A cooperative effort by a group of individuals working

together to achieve a common goal."

"TESTING - CORRECT ANSWER Various methods used to assess a student's knowledge."

"THEORY/PRACTICE STRUCTURE - CORRECT ANSWER Outlines the theory of a subject

then demonstrates how it works in practice."

"TIME - CORRECT ANSWER Everyone has the same amount. The key to managing it is

controlling events."

"TRANSITIONS - CORRECT ANSWER Techniques used by the educator to connect all the

parts of the lessons."

"VISUAL AID PREPARATION - CORRECT ANSWER Must be prepared ahead of time and

could add power and impact to the presentation."

"VISUAL AID - CORRECT ANSWER An instructional tool that presents information visually."

"WEIGHTING - CORRECT ANSWER The process of determining the importance of each

content area that has been selected to test."

"WINDOW PANING - CORRECT ANSWER Process of transferring key elements in a lesson

into the squares or panes of a matrix."

"WRITTEN CONTRACT - CORRECT ANSWER Adds meaning to an agreement made between

the educator and student."

"ZONE TEACHING - CORRECT ANSWER A method of supervising salon students by first

checking for student and client safety, client comfort, and practical teaching."

No extra copies of their contracts - CORRECT ANSWER What would not need to be in

students "Temporary" records?"

"Retake a Theory Exam - CORRECT ANSWER A Licensed Cosmetologist may transfer states

by having to do what?"

"10,000 Bond - CORRECT ANSWER A licensed school needs to have a retainer of what

amount?"

"Every 6months/twice a year - CORRECT ANSWER A school is inspected every what?"

"Twelve months/once annually /once a year - CORRECT ANSWER A Barber or Salon

establishment is inspected every what?"

"All Instructors or Employee Licenses - CORRECT ANSWER A school establishment needs to

display what at all times where everyone can see it?"

"Under No Circumstances - CORRECT ANSWER Under what circumstances can a salon

employ an unlicensed person to work on the public or teach?"

"If They attended and completed a 2 year apprenticeship - CORRECT ANSWER Under what

conditions can a Cosmetologist or Barber not have to take an additional course of study"

"Be deemed ineligible to take their Final State Exam - CORRECT ANSWER If a Cosmetology

student is caught practicing services outside the school they would?"

"30 days - CORRECT ANSWER How long before you would need to have to submit for a court

hearing?"

"MSDS - CORRECT ANSWER What else complies with OSHA?"

"70% Alcohol - CORRECT ANSWER Metal tools or implements need to be cleaned with?"

"Logical/Mathematical Intelligence - CORRECT ANSWER The ability to understand logical

reasoning and problem solving in areas such as math, science, sequences, and patterns"

"Intrapersonal Intelligence - CORRECT ANSWER The ability to understand one's own

behavior and feelings"

"Ethics - CORRECT ANSWER The moral principals by which we live and work"

"Initiative - CORRECT ANSWER The power, ability, or instinct to begin and/or follow

through with a plan or task"

"Study Group - CORRECT ANSWER A group of like minded students who get together to

share notes, questioning, discussions, and so forth to prepare for each class or test"

"Deductive Resoning - CORRECT ANSWER This process allows learners to reach a probable

conclusion by employing logical reasoning"

"Characterizations - CORRECT ANSWER Used in the classroom by the educator to allow the

learners to translate the content of the lesson into personage"

"Mind Mapping - CORRECT ANSWER Creates a free-flowing, graphic organizing system to

outline material or information"

"Mnemonics - CORRECT ANSWER Any aid that is used to assist the learners memory"

"Peer Coaching - CORRECT ANSWER A method that provides for one-on-one personalized

instruction that can increase learning results by allowing learners to set their own pace and receive individualized feedback on a regular basis"

"Visualization - CORRECT ANSWER The process by which the mind translates the content of

a lesson into visual imagery"

"Window Paning - CORRECT ANSWER The process of transferring key elements, points, or

steps in a lesson to visual images that are then hand-sketched into the squares or "panes" of a matrix."

"Teaching - CORRECT ANSWER The act of imparting knowledge or instructing by precept,

example, or experience; communicating information or skills so that others may learn"

"Responsive Body Language - CORRECT ANSWER The open/forward mode that indicates

that the listener is actively accepting the message."

"Reflective Body Language - CORRECT ANSWER The open/back mode that indicates that the

listener is open and receptive, but not actively accepting the information."

"Fugitive Body Language - CORRECT ANSWER The closed/back mode that suggests the

listener is trying to escape, either physically out the door, or mentally with boredom."

"Combative Body Language - CORRECT ANSWER The closed/forward mode that suggests the

listener is likely to present resistance."

"Active listening - CORRECT ANSWER Being with the speaker; concentrating on what is

being said; not interrupting; repeating what the speaker has said and paraphrasing it back to make certain you have understood."

"Responsiveness - CORRECT ANSWER The degree to which a person is open to interactions

with others."

"Assertiveness - CORRECT ANSWER The degree of boldness or confidence one has in dealing

with others."

"Analogies - CORRECT ANSWER Similarity in some respects between things that are

otherwise dissimilar"

"Input - CORRECT ANSWER One of four stages of information processing used in learning;

the information perceived through the senses, such as visual and auditory perception"

"Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) - CORRECT ANSWER Legislation passed in 1990 that

prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities."

"Major Life Activities - CORRECT ANSWER include functions such as caring for self,

performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, listening, learning and working."

"Learning Disability - CORRECT ANSWER A disorder(s) that may affect a broad range of

academic and functional skills, including the ability to read, speak, listen, spell, reason, and organize information; it does not necessarily indicate low intelligence."

"Output - CORRECT ANSWER One of four stages of information processing used in learning;

Information that comes out of the brain through words (language output) or movement"

"Advisory Council - CORRECT ANSWER A committee composed of school owners and

directors, educators, and employers within the applicable field of study; graduates of the institution; representatives from local or state professional trade organizations; and even,

"Educational Objective - CORRECT ANSWER A clear goal indicating what the student should

be able to know or do as a result of the training"

"Outcome Evaluation - CORRECT ANSWER Grading that determines what the student knows

after having been taught certain material or skills"

"Summative Evaulation - CORRECT ANSWER The process of assigning grades after testing

(or other checkpoint) has occurred."

"Grading by Disposition - CORRECT ANSWER When the educator gives grades according to

the mood they are in at the time of grading"

"Fundamental - CORRECT ANSWER In some rubrics these indicate that the student displays

beginning evidence of competency; task is completed alone; performance includes a few errors."

"Competent - CORRECT ANSWER In some rubrics, this indicates that the student displays

detailed and consistent evidence of competency; task is completed alone; performance includes rare errors."

"Stregnth - CORRECT ANSWER In some rubrics, this indicates that the student displays

detailed evidence of highly creative, inventive, mature presence of competency."

"Academic Advisment - CORRECT ANSWER The process of advising a student regarding his

academic performance, including written grades, practical skills, and attendance, and developing a plan for improvement, if needed."

"Private Conference - CORRECT ANSWER A private meeting between the educator and

learner that gives both the opportunity to discuss concerns (whether performance or behavioral) and potential solutions."

"Repeat Services - CORRECT ANSWER A service for a regular client, scheduled every 4 to 6

weeks, like a haircut"

"Ticket Upgrading - CORRECT ANSWER Refers to the technician "adding on" additional

services to what was previously booked for the client"

"Vision Statement - CORRECT ANSWER Outlines where the institution (or person) wants to

be and concentrates on the future; it should be a source of inspiration and will provide clear decision making criteria"

"Transfer Technique - CORRECT ANSWER A process that involves learners in decision

making, establishing rules, and designing projects and contests, which ultimately results in the students taking ownership of the project or policy."

"The Importance of PRAISE - CORRECT ANSWER Praise that, Recognizes, Accomplishment,

Is, Spontaneous, and Effective"

"Strategies of Praise - CORRECT ANSWER Do it Now - Praise given in a timely manner to

when action being praised happened Be Specific - Identify the specific reasons you are giving the praise Connect it to Feelings - Show how it makes you feel as an educator"

"Constructive Critisism - CORRECT ANSWER A well-meant critique intended to help

someone improve"

"Destructive Tactics - CORRECT ANSWER Tactics used to take away and/or harm an

individual's creation, prestige, or self-esteem"

"Conscious (humor) Competence - CORRECT ANSWER The educator understands or knows

how to interject humor into the educational process. He possesses both a sense of humor and sensitivity to humor. However, demonstrating the humor requires a great deal of effort and concentration."

"Conscious (humor) Incompetence - CORRECT ANSWER Though the educator does not

understand or know how to effectively interject humor into the educational process, he does recognize the deficit and seeks ways to achieve higher levels in this area."

"Personal Goals - CORRECT ANSWER Goals pertaining to attitude, family, health, home,

pleasure, spiritual/ethical, etc."

"Professional Goals - CORRECT ANSWER Goals pertaining to finance, career, notoriety, etc"

"Self- Fulfilling Prophecy - CORRECT ANSWER Refers to the idea that we usually get what we

actively expect. In education, it is believed that conveying positive expectations, students have a greater chance to succeed."

"Self-Motivation - CORRECT ANSWER Motivation fueled by one's dreams, ideals, and

visions, for the future"

"SMART goals - CORRECT ANSWER Goals that are Specific, Measurable, Attainable,

Realistic, and Timely"

"ADVISORY COUNCIL - CORRECT ANSWER Composed of school owners and directors,

educators and employers, graduates, representatives from state, regulatory oversight agencies. Identifies and prioritizes subject matter and skills that need to be taught."

"ANECDOTES - CORRECT ANSWER Describes a specific point to help get the learners focus

directed toward the objectives of the lesson."

"ANTICIPATORY SET - CORRECT ANSWER The process of getting the students ready to

learn."

"ASSERTIVENESS - CORRECT ANSWER The degree of boldness or confidence one has in

dealing with others."

"AUTHORITY - CORRECT ANSWER An individual cited or appealed to as an expert or to

influence thought, opinion, or behavior."

"ENERGIZER - CORRECT ANSWER An activity lasting one to three minutes to provide for a

physical or mental break to bring new life into the class."

"ENTHUSIASM - CORRECT ANSWER Goes hand in hand with energy."

"ETHICAL STANDARDS - CORRECT ANSWER Educators should model and teach these daily

in their interactions with students."

"EVENTS - CORRECT ANSWER Basic elements of time; key to managing time is controlling

these."

"EXTERNAL MOTIVATORS - CORRECT ANSWER Examples are; pep talks, incentives,

exciting presentations, guest speakers, etc."

"INTERNAL MOTIVATORS - CORRECT ANSWER Your inner drive that keeps you moving

toward your goals."

"EYE CONTACT - CORRECT ANSWER A low-profile intervention that requires little effort on

the part of the educator for controlling a minor misconduct."

"FACILITATE - CORRECT ANSWER To bring about learning."

"FATIGUE - CORRECT ANSWER The medical profession has agreed in large part, that this is

of mental origin rather than a result of a physical ailment."

"FERPA - CORRECT ANSWER Family Educational Right to Privacy Act"

"FIELD TRIPS - CORRECT ANSWER Provide students with an opportunity for active learning

and a broader real world experience."

"FOILS/DISTRACTORS - CORRECT ANSWER The possible answers to a multiple choice

question."

"FRATERNIZE - CORRECT ANSWER An educator must establish a formal distance and never

do this with their students outside the classroom."

"NATURAL COLORS - CORRECT ANSWER Data is retained at a much higher rate than black

and white."

"ORIENTATION - CORRECT ANSWER Should be performed on or before the first day of

school to ensure the student's success in the program."

"OUTCOME EVALUATION - CORRECT ANSWER Grading that determines what the student

knows after having been taught certain material or skills."

"SUMMATIVE EVALUATION - CORRECT ANSWER The process of assigning grades after

testing has occurred."

"POWER TESTS - CORRECT ANSWER Tests with an objective format that can be completed

by at least 80% of the students within one hour."

"PRAISE - CORRECT ANSWER A expression of approval; single most important action an

educator can take to prevent student withdrawal."

"REINFORCEMENT - CORRECT ANSWER Must be positive and can include words, phrases,

or gestures."

"RELATIONSHIPS - CORRECT ANSWER The state of affairs existing between those who have

an aspect or quality that connects them as being, belonging, or working together."

"RETENTION TIME - CORRECT ANSWER A learner can listen with retention for twenty

minutes."