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Al Hdistaste ts, s stc bo ta fiuya is ,it trcl
(-1)t =
o Kntwig^ L,^ t^ odistate^ Hscus^
uwlicl ta^ Ceial
72Ugts ptel,^ D,ol,^ auolA^
ta ttwekiess (^) of the^ thanspahtn
blat Can b CalcwNotao
Jteiolenu m thiw f)rdi
twtom and^ Hozrke^
c-SCaol anol^ oleeiopLe^ h
T susgaLL^ oG^
thin thasbasu^
matisiab. Eeiyce^
s
tunuial ut^ +the^ bauttl^
lolouii hecuciol^ bya^ th
int ef^ ol^ om^
th (^) ifacr of wdt^
ano also^ by the
t n^ ef^ eab^
bublalu. Heke^ chiindl^
ok (^) Suc
Colais Huin^ fiuns^ ot^
mica (^) al Smias^
tin tiausalt
tohan a^ Comex^ n^
was (^) placed n^ a^ hlane^ gloss-
blt
Yang as^ ubl^
to erpa tha^ plenomnM^
n ta^ bosis
intiitstnee hhutn^ lig^
suftetad f2m^
tHa (^) tbb ao
ta botto1^ Susfaa^ ot^
tn (^) n. 4h^ kas^ heCn^ chseivecd
Hha iniAsLne tt^
Caa (^) o tan ns^
takus platt
du tob
ucted kizh^ cund^ (20)^
Hansmittod (^) Lig
Intlhn dus^ to^
hauebd AizE
Cena'ols a tianspaunl
plm thuckust^
and
ns þastly ufcttd
aleg AT^ and^ þastly fautcd aloy^ A^ P.
Cu
2t G Conoluticn otMaoima
At (^) P>trird (^) i5 s (^) etlectia alo Cuu (^) jvully (^) uuigus
AT (^) Cul (^) C6 (^) Cas (^) Calculuc. (^) D cN (^) USnmal ~t AT (^) G AM (^) L (^) al to (^) b, TLCugu c (^) ieiolkte isi d th C (^) acho1 is^.^ ALS hrrcl (^) cb (^) uet (^) AE peds cP. Hi LAPC
Tk
opbical (^) puth (^) oitnt = (^) aH AbC (^) iw iUn - þat AM
(ASCASt^ )^ -^ AM
AH
CM
AN nCM
(AB+ Bc)^ -^ MCM
AB T-CM)^
= (^) *(PC-CM) In tta APM) C PM AP PM AP^ CAS^ =^ CAE+EP) (AA 2t Cos Ae-P-2)
-PM
Thi equution i), m t Cal ohhctud igk dets no
pebu t Cosu peu cufiute bu oly t appauu
las hecn estabundd m He basis of elachmoyuhie
Thcy ttar, uken Ai_ur is hfhctid 2onHa Ssfau c Cul epttally ceLSeS mdliwrl (ais midum intiltAL) a pha
changeT equivalunt a pat c c Acs
Costuch bitia tokus plocu anci thm u apbas
2AtC.=/lA
2At C =
n
Cae (^) c +ansmittd^ gl^
ttniiir ugs
Chtainol (^) a (^) a ohstuh^ hcau^
ttu (^) c iu cu
ntokente a^ wuwge-shabed^ um
Co siolu a^ welgL - SLapud
ecloseol (^) by hut (^) hlat
Siiatts cP uel C&
welinc ala an_u &. TL tiec kJuss c th
C to P. wlen thi
fin s illuminattd
y a cosallel ba
t ays^ fhctud^ a^
ta (^) uphti ot^ ad^ less^ Sutatus
Ha tiun^ jo^ ta^ equicistaw^ aites/na^
daik asu^ Bl
c ADand^ dê^ j^ bet^ iiginaihg^ iom^
t Sama^ incidsdSoy SA (^) T6 eyaluat H (^) baH otiltut^ buuean^ tie^ two^ hay t (^) pesbendtculaRi dK^ and^ N^ aA^ daun^ sm^ en^ AB Cnd At^ heshectively. Tu^ u oduit iue^ tei^ tut
= (AC+CD)u i^
= AC+CD)- AK
cm inbl 9aommitiy^ ito^ be^ ihown^
tar
ADK = 2 d LADN=
S AK/AD
AMADStu^
AK AM
AK pAN
AN +^ MC+^ Cp)^ -^ AM
These uh a
Sc LCM^ LuMe^ t
LM= LCML = 90
Ond (^) CMis Cov, (^) ttehdor
DME ML^ =^ t Cd CD^ CL
A= NC^ +M^ CL^
= HCCL) = N
As (^) ta ara entls^
hetuen te^ Awilates^
oPand c&^ SG
tta angl nclgsed^
huhweun ndmuls^ to^ te^ Suifaces^
ar A (^) anG C
mus he 6.^ The^ agl^ e^
inioluc ACT^ atC^ s^ thesufi^ átE)
CT and^ DL^ akL^ nmals^ b»^
ta ss jace^ O?,^ Huktu^
CTUo
SL a^ þosal. AS^ ACL^
Cuts te^ baiall^ Jws^
C nd^ DL,
we mus hore LACI =^ LCLD^
= (^) (te)
dn hiytanghud tiiaunglu MM NL= (^) L CCh4E)=^
2t (^) s (L+E) 1 Cqahisn irtl
A = 2ut (atP)
AS
wnn traiv alog^ AB^ S^
He thcttcl^
wawe (^) thai
n a^ olevuse^
1udiwn,-Hedo tur^
ccss a^ pasu
Th ch þut^
dflite hutiseen^
Ha intlRing
wTw AA^ Und^ De^ pyen^ by.
A 2Mt^ (tS)^ -
Conai ion&^ j6^ intsfien^
) PaCanstiuchie^ intupunci-
2 M Ces^ (S+E)^ -%^
= (^) 2)l 2pt C6) =l2n+)) in:l 6)
NtondRins
wita blaulc-(out Lttit its ccux uta s (^) blattd oi a (^) plaui glass
pl&, ur aii tibn et 92ackualy
ncing tuickuss » tdmuol at ta tut Ta tHucknuss of t tiln ar uao the Feuu
c Contac s aio. munschhemahne. igw isalleawtel to {a ne)mall , and th n is td ti dhctud ig, alEa cGE and^ bGhh sinys Conctiic^ aicinol^ He^ poiur^ ot^ (eic
h eC^ ta^ lens^ d^ 9lass^ hlat^
ah Rr. Cinte^ Hho^ plonom-
Us dkatd (^) y Nat1Hoa^ is^ hy^ he^ siogs
r as Mtuwtoi's Siuys.
Sauic o^ pc
hitnuhe ig^ co^ th^
ecuus tha
ais tin
. (^) glas pht B^ hhch^ a^ bast^ of^
-ka inttoleut^ Azhh
tetwrakds i^ ibn enclostol^ y^ -he^
uns (^) Ly and e blane
glass plak^
G. (^) Te (^) ibkekrel ol ut a^ 29LuchoCo^ bu^
1ttsLun tas^ pioce^
and doik
Qunc r^
ilculoi (^) igus ae^ ptduced^
Ttis is^ dua^ t^ te
itiitemt lnetueu^ He^ iighk^
katkcted nt^ loue
Aafa c?^ t^
luns and^ ta uhel susfaca^ of^ tHsglas^
plat
cu 0771 -H^
cy
is
G
Suppose th^ haduus^ c^ (wsatuie^ c^
luuS Ris^ R^ Oud
T Cs^ n^ is^ o#ickuls^ ar^
a ousance ,o
oudotac.
Rhctd
u_b:Hanbmittud liah
2.ut (^) CosE (^) (2/L)A (^) 1,1,3%
2E= (214) AA
2 t Co=
ePxHe OE(2R OE)
u EP- HE =
, Of^ e =^ b^ , (^) anol (^) 2.-t 1
2R Subuting (^) H (^) alw (^) ol in euotUm (^) » (^) aund f iglr hing
Rta
D (^) 2-))AR
Ad2N Vuus (^) cuanutiis ci tha^ bgl (^) Sugs ale påepsshteval
Simidosly (^) 4à dusk (^) Ain
- 2 n 2 nAR
4naR
L (^) diamuts (^) of dok Ringk a (^) phepotibral
Squah cotu o natual numbelk
-Dtp -D
nt ,a Co b (olculattol
H.* Shou (^) thak h fkmaktoM^ ntRLLAu^ g^ is altsdann t he laus of tondeNaten on
62 Ahloie^ Git^
4he (^) Huory of inteitin^ dua^ to^ thro
Cohorau baulus^ and^ duobut^ h^
erpieBAion
wH
- eplaim^
the lmahon o^ ntuint^ o^
inges by
eons o^ hanl^
iplism ubg^
momochAoahe Lousc
Lig, Mow^ wavelongh^
is iouhrd^ by ipiilm
icus (^) the cr^ o^
inhoducng a^ thin^ pdak^
m
pah of^ oni^ o^ i^
intjaing laeams.^
Deoluc (^) aM
sCS H^ Ronenena^ ottn^
jekcinuslightdue^ to
t rs^ and^ ind^ th^
Condituonk manima^ ond
mnima.^ Shms^ tat^ tettissAunw^
patton of^ hsttao
and bausmtttrd^ izsa^ Connplutmutay
sws th^ matbm^ ointiit^
ingu in^ a^ thin
weda kaprd^ m^ fhd^
e enbidin (^) un widh
wfat (^) ah Hwton'&Rings^ basclae-ph^ aund^
asplotn
th (^) omaftm o Huwtans^ kgs^
n (^) aa?hcted amnd
ansmtteed (^) Jzhr. why thei^ Punzs^ al^
ciiculal
Action
un ooqu^ hsrod^ (^ abrttiu)^ he^ laud^ butwun^ a^ rle^ c
S ondl^ ehitn,^ o^ picitly^
olistinc hadcao^ (^ an^ iluminato
y) ib^ cbtoind^ n^ the^ /cAn.^
Ths ha thal^ lizhr tnovA^ atpa
motl i^ ogr^ Jw,^ t^ hire^ t^
obtacl (^) o aperotul )al
119 G^ d:poitu^ Ahoight^ Lin^
phobagatin, and^ H^ lgh
Ta ourol^ }1od^ ond^ Thus^ hardiug^ e^ liyhs^
v olld difocton
a inusity é^ oiJtibui^ a^ ATaun^ wTy^ olupunolung^
upon h
oJuk t^ ob&taclu.^ iacHon^
hancmNa ak^ diolol^ uto^ turo
biunls ahoackon b)^ hauunhafts^
oliiacte.
a u's odiRachion n tha^ ulnelb^ class^ of^
diloctim, the^ ouia^ of^
Agis
( Aon om^ whch^
diioctton pattern^
ib obbRvd,^
wbualy brt
aa o^ And distanus^ om^
ttu odsacttm^
cbbtacle ol^ apelalale.^
n
his Ca No^ Auns^ ahr^
brd and^ t^ inuiclt^
waw r^ b^
euhex
7,tAcal oylindhutal
auwhokns dilachion
n t^ Pounhoh^
closs o oliactiom,^
thr boulca^ a^ ghs
Cro ti^ BOLr^ ail^
ejchely at^ intndt^
ol4tancelhom Ha^ olilatry
cbstocu oi^ apatuii.^
Tis"is acluened^ by^
blacng ta^ bait^
and
cict te^ thu^ AcCa^
blanus of^ two^
nsis. In^ tis^ Case^ thi^
2nciokent
twTem blon
achm at^ a^
singe slt:
A
ai (^) m (^) tas an (^) inttyial 2nut (^) 1,2, TAe
Cxcpl xe0. Phd
nesw m
csiu tm
Tus (^) ri dinehns (^) of tu (^) , sCgnd, (^) titd, miwima (^) b putling m: (^) 1,2,3,
To finol tte odiiuctis omoximun, ltns olcehtntiali eta
tOt' and (^) 9uatu o (^) zioi,
CosA-Sma
Cos- Siut -^ O
an Ths (^) equato is olma (^) haphicaly by þlottug t^ culu
Y ano^ y=^ pn
TR isr tHue isa siaig lint
thioug digin^ mkun^ an^ anglu^ q4s
okil H^ Seconol^ is^ a^
olisContinuous
Cae anhg a^ Numhi^ of^
hhanches,
T points of intuiÁctimA the twr
ies the^ 2alues^ ofa^ Satiatuing^
aboe
guaticn. Thu Iaduk^ afL^ apphexiumalaly
Subbttutig t^ oublphophiot^ zalus^ o equotimo), u quH^ intousitas^ avAls^ mos^ iA^
Tus
tta intonsiy Coal^ maaima^ is
ASO)-A
Simlay, th irtunsity A maxima is
I,A 2
Tus te intonkltis ot ButcaAS Max ima alu u ho. otio
4 2ST^4972
2
Anit phal d tnbetuseon tom
llus (^) tu (^) dipachm (^) patten Conhi. Ha hyghl^ panr^ ipal^ mojin olnchion (^) o thu (^) tineirlent Aiyh, (^) hawing (^) alt. (^) nahly minino o (^) wtak (^) moxima (^) hopely T duabiny^ intenite^ on^ itH^1 minima (^) liu (^) al (^) = ri,1 21
-1,11 2 2T
Dactiomala (^) dounle (^) slith
Ast a wiallul beam o menocsomahic lit o wnelunh i he tneielen (^) ngmally upm tu (^) takulld (^) lib A and (^) cb, each (^) of widh eeobalid by ohqu {au o4 wich ol T clistnce beturen cAHending pouini te te BA ib le rel), Ey Heygens þhinial ere petn ta ib AG and cD unds out bitendowaelts all oliscts. fhom tta thaciy cf olia ctton afa ingl M, H hebultant amblttude aa diiuetion ibASA, uteaA a Cotant and d = TeSu Ca (^) Cnsielis H (^) tuo Mib as (^) oqualuto
two Cohehont
Sonuh cs plaud at He miolole þotnt S and S q He M, and
eac (^) sending a (^) tcrnue (^) lut e (^) amplitudu ALi a (^) oliiacton & Lcnseqtuntly, the hebeultan anplitude ara oinh f on the Aetn ll hi^ t (^) hisulta (^) ointtelund butweon (^) tO (^) WUl (^) Lom
QumpAttode ASu, and hauing a hale d nc &
Lel us (^) elicp Sk (^) þe«pinelicdal. to (^) Sur TRe (^) pot olifhiuta
= Sk = CErc)siO
ae. hansmisim Gkatiao intAbn
lh (^) ultunt (^) inteily (^) atto'r haen n^ ae
-). N 2T 3T
MMMNU 2 1T
-2I 3IT
Absent Odess: fo Cchto alu d, cestau intuAn maxima bLome abint (^) m tte (^) fattokn. (^) Suppese (^) si ant inlu (^) of 0, the Cenditions Acloin cÅ (^) Aimultentwy (^) fetafied al etol)Si^ =^ t^ n^ (inttne^ moaima) Qnol Si (^) tmA (oliacttm minima) ACtcoling to^ te^ ist (^) Crolition Hus (^) Mnmld ba an (^) ntA
moxima iu te
the s oliiictne,buracAAng^ Hhe^ Lecond^ cndition r (^) oliiactad (^) aht His olouchon maxima (^) wl ba (^) ainF u Tesiia^ the^ intin
this Conndtticn.
h (^) abae too (^) equatios , (^) we
m o e, Han 2m =2,4, (^) 6,. Sna m= (^13) -)
the 2r, yt 6th od it
Sancr maxima^ wil u^ albbent,
y wll Coinidi wit , 2nd, 3Aod, -- - cidak caif.ctiM muuma T Cehal^ diacton maxima wil hawe (^) ine thAne (^) intu n
, fun atial oliactiom maxima uil ha ir iniitiunte
TA s cl inAtahes tti nwmhu itilfe ne mAaima tuithumexma the
CCn hal diac ticm mapima inciakts
ane ansmiskiom (^) Giating (N-ikolilaction)
Sel A clactiom (^) giatung is (^) cun iangiment (^) uvaltnt to a lasy
Unhus (^) hatalll Mis (^) oi (^) cqunl wiclHs (^) and (^) Sniatid m ou^ t
qua (^) iclhs (^) and sttniatid (^) m (^) n net
hy (^) qua (^) chaqut rtes t (^) s (^) macdt uup (^) hy (^) ulng a kaiga numpti (^) }
m E7ual chaqut int (^) Cqudisaunt Qnc aialt lnts (^) o Cn chticalty (^) - plane (^) glas pla
it (^) aliammed hetn. (^) Te (^) hulugs cattee tta (^) liz (^) Ond ak (^) e
chu (^) thil ta tunlutl (^) Ut Hiansmit (^) ligh (^) ncd act (^) as K A^ he (^) th (^) chon (^) cf aa i blanc (^) +ianlmiwim MB (^) hiung (^) ipenclicuta. to atng, tu (^) lunth te (^) plane (^) ef (^) t (^) tabu. hte De h
AL Mialllhean ci mnocdhtomathie ghonvelury
intiolen nimally m oiating. y Huynb piiniple, al the t eack^ ir (^) bind (^) autsecamdaiy wauleb (^) allolUuchons Pte (^) hedy of (^) clilhachm at a (^) gle (^) , He (^) tUnvtkl (^) io all (^) petn tir a (^) diichone ah equivalut e o^ Sngke wu Cmlitude (^) ASuA (^) , (^) ufu = eSue Thus yHbe t tetal numati Mis in the qAatvj, tha olacticl (^) fays (^) on all^ Ha^ M3 ahi (^) équdaliat te (^) N-paralil Al (^) SK b hays t (^) 2ei (^) hendiculal to (^) SK. Thun (^) t (^) pau (^) oliltnte SK = (ero) Sine The (^) phasa olfhicote is
Cerd) Si =2P Hent (^) H (^) hisulant amituuol m^ tt (^) dikhM8 is R-AS S P T rultant intunsity is T = R Asn Stu
Fohmatin (^) omulkipl (^) aha (^) by (^) hatng:
wlia (^) ahta o (^) lght (^) of (^) wnelu (^) ngtl x (^) all hatin, ft^ Vtu maximn nmaldy^ on^ a nt (^) Jimcd (^) in tht (^) olikectins rtn (^) by
2 ru (^) ul tta^ JaveAtngtih., The (^) Aongel -Au tAtlntn, the^ hua. 1 e (^) Aut (^) diadim. (^) Hcnceil tH (^) inciolot (^) ight ht dit, thtn Ac elei^ toill (^) Con ta in (^) bintitml marima (^) c (^) ditaent tss uradtnF diiiaf olihuctmA.^ TL (^) inipal maxima (^) ef atl (^) waxdugtfhs CohomAug n^ n=l^ wll^ fém H (^) ssd (^) Sxcha and (^) o (^) m. Th (^) ncind mawina (^) l wnnlungths (^) cAe Apdung rono tuM be (^) along -H hame (^) di (^) Leton 0 -0. (^) Hernte te ze.o- (^) ddek maxima (^) uill (^) h ttit.
Robotying bwe cf an gptta insthumn The tkelwny Feux' tan eptical instRument fehMsnt ablity of Moluce olistintly sepaBotu Spicthal lins f lir
hawwng two^ o^ me^ clost^ uamlengts
Kayluiyhs (aitriion Rsolutorn; Krel Royle it hohesid He following caitr ion fa hcslutem wlici as heen unitAatly aolotttl
Tr Spectal lincs equ inttnkttid aie iuu}asat v«d by
n ottical tRumont utsn tu incial maxima o t
oliacticn attcin oluu to e lls cn H fish minimum
tthe acticm hatti in c t otlei
n 4ig i Mocn the inttnsity Calvel e tioo tttink Suu tat^ ta^ inci^ pal^ maximum^ m^ Coincielil^ uwt^
the
Lminimwn th oflhes., Tke y
U Me^ the^ Combined^ effct^ tha^ two
(ohic is^ Amm^ by^ tte^ fekultarnt^ dotted
Cuhn. This CuSve hoiUS a alistinch db tt miodolk, t'ndi^ catng^ He^ hent tido oleicrt Apectial Ainu.^ Tha inus a Aaid to ht i he&olvd
.Cut cptical^ intumn^ hcetl^
tur (^) pe (al^ Ainck^ ct tnweleng
A (^) undatcl then Hdx^ tnken^ a^ a^
mioukc. (^) eH 3.oleing tov
uldng Paurh oGhotihg TAieing pal^ o^ fatn9^ fbelont^
its (^) nldity t tn
a hatat^ spacthal^ dtntd^
uwnk (^) ngths uly clse trguHe.^ JF^ is^ meauskee
y Nn,^ hilL^ ols^
is He^ Amalus uavekorgth^ duft0nce^ tlhal^ Can^ b
us Atseld^ at^ uavelingth^
a.
a aallul hiam lih
tiud unnlangths^ and+d)^ be
intienAÅmallya he hahng.
7 nth mosma c +d andfimna b nh maimacia
ti (^) th dihuchm^ (en^ , ut^ fawe
A t^ #^ muuima^ adya^ Cent^
to tte^ nh^ maxima^ ctaind
les oisuchbn^ (En +olEn).^ Te^ atug^ equaton^ iå^
muma s
Ne+d ) O^ m
ckahy, the^
minima adjntnt to^ the^ nt^ piinc^ pal
moximum in^ tte^ oliisetoM^ o^ incaaakhg^
uill be^ obtantd^40
m nN +), TALjoL,^ i^ his^ mintmum^
is ebtnintd^ i^
the
diLiOn (^) (En tolen),^ ue^ Aae
Ned) Su(en +olen)^ =^ H^ 12A
+o)Sin (Ea +olEn) = LH
faylegls CaitruM,^ the^ unvelugfhs^
and (rolt)^ aii^ w
esolnd (^) by the^ 9ang^ uton^ ta^
Nt manma^ ot (atol) isalsc
Cbtauntd in t diictin OntolEn. Thsn ue ha
(Cod)SiOn^ +ol®n)^ =
n (^) (a+ola)
Tus (^) n(a od)
bu is^ t^ hiseluig^ þova^
R (^) e the (^) atung.Tteiohe
s (^) Ausrlving þavL dfating^ is^ egal^ #a^ hccuuet^ ol^
#e tstnl
ubi ulings^ n^ He^ fatirg^
and tHe^ colls. dte pucthun. R
Cau alar^ b^ clýiitdas^ R HE+oSu
