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Understand Generic Life Cycles - Integrated Pest Management - Handout, Exercises of Pest Management

The LNM Institute of Information TechnologyPest Management

Main topics of this course are: Biocontrol Approaches, Decision Making, Disadvantages of Cultural Controls, EBPM Status, Enforced Crop Production Rules, Hybrid Sterility, IPM Evolution Continued, Regulatory Tactics, Resistance Categories. Key points of this lecture handout are: Understand Generic Life Cycles, Pest Management, Ecological Basis, Ecosystems, Pest Organisms, Ecosystems and Pest Organisms, Ecology of Interactions of Pests, Ecosystem Biodiversity and Ipm, Populations, Ecosystem Organ

Typology: Exercises

2012/2013

Uploaded on 08/31/2013

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Understand Generic Life Cycles
Ecological Basis for Pest Management
Part I. Ecosystems and Pest Organisms
Ecological Basis for Pest Management
• Part I -- Ecosystems & Pest Organisms
• Part II -- Ecology of Interactions of Pests
• Part III -- Ecosystem Biodiversity and IPM
• Part IV -- Applying Ecological Principles to Managing Pest
Populations
Find an article (preferably online) that applies an ecological principle to pest
management. Hand in one page containing a copy of the abstract of the
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Download Understand Generic Life Cycles - Integrated Pest Management - Handout and more Exercises Pest Management in PDF only on Docsity!

Understand Generic Life Cycles

Ecological Basis for Pest Management

Part I. Ecosystems and Pest Organisms

Ecological Basis for Pest Management

  • Part I -- Ecosystems & Pest Organisms
  • Part II -- Ecology of Interactions of Pests
  • Part III -- Ecosystem Biodiversity and IPM
  • Part IV -- Applying Ecological Principles to Managing Pest Populations Find an article (preferably online) that applies an ecological principle to pest management. Hand in one page containing a copy of the abstract of the

article (with title and reference) and a brief description of the article and how an ecological principle was applied to a pest management problem. Identify which of the three ecological chapters from the text (Chap. 4, 6, or 7) your article most closely relates. We will group the articles by chapter and everyone will make a 2-3 minute presentation on his or her article.

Why Study Ecology in IPM?

  • History of IPM is a history of applied ecology
  • Managing pests often relies on exploiting a pest’s ecological weaknesses.
  • Alternatively, one may manage the ecology in order to make a crop less vulnerable to pests.
  • Population : a collection of individuals of one species that exists in some defined geographical area
  • Guild: a group of species that exploit the same resource in a similar manner
  • Community: a group of populations occurring in the same geographical area
  • Ecosystem: a community of living organisms and the abiotic framework that supports them. Agroecosystem – An ecosystem dominated by humans that typically has few common or major species (crops) and numerous rare or minor species (some of which are pests).
  • Landscape: a cluster of interacting ecosystems

Landscape Ecology

Landscape Ecology

  • Involves multiple populations interacting in time and space between several different ecosystems.
  • Often presented as an application of “Island Biogeography” Island Biogeography & Landscape Ecology
  • When one species goes extinct, it is replaced so that there’s an equilibrium
  • Replacement species is not necessarily the same as the extinct population
  • Smaller islands have higher extinction rates than larger islands.
  • Extinction rates increase with increasing distance between islands

Lesson: Size AND distance both affect species

equilibrium

  • Specific Things to do can be found at:
    • http://www.dal.ca/~dp/reports/zkidston/kidstonst.html#guidelines
    • http://www.dal.ca/~dp/reports/zkidston/guidelines.html
  • Enforcement/implementation?

Ecological Succession

  • An orderly, directional and therefore predictable process of development that involves changes in species structure and community processes over time.
  • Results from a modification of the physical environment by the community and culminates in a stabilized ecosystem in which maximum biomass and symbiotic functions are maintained.

Succession Sequence

Fig. 4-1, p. 69

Implications of Early Succession Systems

  • Trophic cycles are disrupted (adds to the biodiversity problem)
  • Species good at invasion are favored
  • Nutrient cycles are altered, biomass does not accumulate/cycle
  • Energy flow is not webbed but, instead, directed toward one commodity
  • Ecology “resets” each cropping season

2. Definitions and Terminology

  • Pathogens
  • Weeds
  • Webs (generalized and animal-based)

General Concepts of Trophic Dynamics

Grazer vs. Decomposer Systems

Top-Down vs Bottom-up Trophic Systems

  • Top-Down – Producers (plants) limit the growth of primary consumers (herbivores) which limit the growth of primary carnivores & so on.
  • Bottom-up – Top consumers limit growth at the next lowest level throughout the chain.
  • Note that “limit” can be an economic effect, not necessarily an ecological one

Top-Down vs Bottom-Up Trophic System