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Developmentally Appropriate Practices
Questions With Correct Answers!!
What affect does quality early care have on children? - Answer academic benefits lasting into high school What age group is considered early childhood? - Answer birth to 8 years old Age appropriateness - Answer considering what is typical for a child within a given age group Individual appropriateness - Answer considering the needs of each child as a unique individual Social/Cultural appropriateness - Answer considering the social and cultural contexts in which children grow and live Intentionality - Answer having clearly defined goals for children and thoughtfully prepared environments, experiences and activities to meet those goals Three critical challenges impacting early childhood practices are: - Answer - Addressing differences in school success and achievement -Integrating and aligning preschool and elementary school programming -Improving teacher preparation, professional development and ongoing support Structural indicators - Answer are things that are "regulable," meaning they can be monitored and are important for providing consistent care. EX: Licensure Lower ratios Smaller group size Caregiver qualifications Professional development for staff Health and safety regulations Inclusive environment Process indicators - Answer are what programs "do" to help promote development through specific activities and intentional practices. Process indicators are observable interactions. EX: Curriculum and established routines Language and reasoning activities Sensitive, responsive interactions Collaboration and provisions for parents and families Parent, teacher, and child interactions Child-sized furnishings Well defined and equipped space that meets the needs of all children
Developmentally Appropriate Practices
Questions With Correct Answers!!
Quality experiences early in life lead to better outcomes for children. These experiences lead to: - Answer Lower delinquency rates Increased graduation rates Adults who earn higher salaries Increased home ownership Better cognitive and language skills Adults who spend less time participating in social programs or on welfare Quality Preschool - Answer Developmentally appropriate curriculum Developmentally appropriate assessment procedures Continuous staff training Administrative support Low teacher/student ratio Systematic effort to involve parents Quality Early Care + Quality Education = - Answer Quality Outcomes for Children High Quality Child Care - Answer A safe, nurturing environment where children learn and grow, staff are properly trained and supported. Parents have access to the program at all times. Program is well organized to promote optimal skill development. Motivational theories - Answer focus on the belief that humans are controlled by many factors. They place more emphasis on personal motivation and desires. Based on these theories, you might consider what motivates children to act the way they do. Social development theories - Answer focus on emotional and personality development. Each stage of development lays foundational patterns that influence a person's ability to resolve conflict throughout life. Intellectual/Cognitive development theories - Answer focus on children developing an intellectual understanding of their world. Children interact with materials and people in the environment to construct knowledge. Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - Answer This theory suggests children move through stages as certain needs are met. If basic needs are not met, children do not progress in development. Physical (Basic) Needs Safety and Security (Comfort) Belongingness and Love (Social) Self-Esteem Self-Actualization (People cannot become everything they are capable of becoming until all needs are met.)
Developmentally Appropriate Practices
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The ability to do something without help or assistance The distance between these two levels is called the "Zone of Proximal Development." Structure of a Neuron - Answer Neuron - specialized nerve cells that make up the central nervous system. Axon - Each neuron has one axon. An axon is a fiber that sends messages "away" to other neurons. Dendrites - Each neuron has many dendrites. Dendrites accept incoming messages from the axons. How many neurons are in a brain at birth? - Answer already nearly 100 billion neurons in the child's brain Physical Development - Answer Physical development refers to the development of large and small muscles as they gradually develop. It involves typical growth patterns, changes in weight and height, and general health and safety. Art Progression - Answer Children will typically progress from drawing free radicals into drawing basic shapes, such as circles, squares, rectangles, and triangles, then eventually drawing representations of people, places and ideas. By the age of three, children should begin to draw their first representations of the human form using basic shapes. free radical - Answer is a jumble of straight or curved lines that is freely floating on the paper. Writing Progression - Answer Writing begins to emerge as random scribbling and progresses to invented spelling in the kindergarten years. With enough opportunities to practice scribbling and writing, and with enough encouragement and enthusiasm from caregivers, children learn to write with increasing effectiveness and also understand the importance of written communication. Mildred Parten Four types of play - Answer Solitary play - playing alone Parallel play - playing beside other children, but not interacting with them Associative play - children play together with materials and some talking (3-5 years old) Cooperative play - children play together by planning and working toward a common goal (5 years old through adolescence) Stages of Development - Answer Stages of development for young children are commonly clustered into domains related to physical development, language and
Developmentally Appropriate Practices
Questions With Correct Answers!!
communication, social and emotional, cognitive development and general knowledge, and approaches to learning. Classroom Structure - Answer Children are better able to adapt to the demands of formal schooling when they have been provided opportunities to explore and practice within an environment that is consistent and predictable, yet flexible and inviting. Classroom Structure should include - Answer -Furniture for routine care and play should be child sized. -open shelves, baskets and cubbies should be placed on the child's level so they can easily reach them. -printed words that are meaningful and at a level where children can easily see them. -Children's art and writing samples should be displayed around the classroom at the children's eye level. Interactive Learning Centers - Answer -Dramatic Play/Home Living: kitchen furniture, mirrors, dress-up clothes, baby dolls, tables/chairs -Library: books, cozy area/ listening center, rugs, puppets, soft pillows/furniture, natural lighting -Discovery/Sensory/Science: items found in nature (pine cones, shells, rocks), water/sand table, sensory items (shakers, smelling jars) -Blocks/Construction: wooden/plastic/cardboard blocks, trucks/cars, doll house -Art/Creative Expression: paper, paints, pencils, markers, pens, collage materials, brushes, easels -Music/Movement: records, tapes, CDs, musical instruments -Manipulatives: pop beads, stack/nesting toys, puzzles -Wood Working: tools, Styrofoam, glue, toy hammer/nails -Feeding Area: tables/chairs, utensils, garbage can, sinks -Sleeping Area: individual cots, blankets, transitional objects, sheets, soothing music, dim lights -Writing Center: pencils, crayons, markers, dry-erase board, paper, sticky notes, erasers, stamps -Parent Communication Board Room Arrangement - Answer -Exits clearly marked -Remove clutter and eliminate blind spots -clear pathways that allow for smooth traffic flow in and out of each area -Keep toys and supplies on low, open shelves with picture and word labels that are appropriate for the children's age and abilities -Traffic patterns should be set up to avoid large open run-ways, yet should not be so divided up they are hard to move around in. Good room arrangements foster positive relationships and interactions by creating a homelike atmosphere that is inviting and culturally representative.
Developmentally Appropriate Practices
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Scaffolding - Answer assistance a teacher or more skilled peer provides Three components of Developmentally Appropriate Practice: - Answer age appropriateness, individual appropriateness, social/cultural appropriateness Prohibited disciplinary practices - Answer severe, humiliating, frightening, or associated with food, rest, or toileting or spanking or any other form of physical punishment Three critical challenges - Answer -reduce the achievement gap -align and integrate learning experiences from birth to age 8 -teachers are often inadequately prepared and minimally supported Developmentally Appropriate Practice - Answer is a concept developed by the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC). DAP focuses on children birth through 8 years old and is made up of three principle components: age appropriateness, individual appropriateness and social/cultural appropriateness. DAP helps teachers improve the effectiveness of their work with children because they make decisions based on what they know about children. Teachers who are grounded in Developmentally Appropriate Practice are able to make critical decisions when selecting materials, supporting interactions, implementing curriculum and adjusting instruction.
