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PROGRAMME PROJECT REPORT

MBA TOURISM

DIRECTORATE OF DISTANCE EDUCATION

ALAGAPPA UNIVERSITY

KARAIKUDI – 630 003

PROGRAMME PROJECT REPORT

MBA TOURISM

a) PROGRAMME MISSION AND OBJECTIVES

Business Studies have fascinated humans for two reasons, namely generating interest and

augmenting essentials of running a firm effectively. That is why their study is enchanting and

glorifying. The primary objective of this programme is to provide ample exposure to subjects

from the fields of business legacy and accountancy, equip the Students for entry level jobs in

industry and to contribute to the economic development of the country.

b) RELEVANCE OF THE PROGRAMME WITH HEI’S MISSION AND GOALS:

The Alagappa University is functioning with following Vision and Mission:

Mission: Achieving Excellence in all spheres of Education, with particular emphasis on

‘PEARL”- Pedagogy, Extension, Administration, Research and Learning

Vision: Affording High Quality Higher Education to the learners so that they are transformed

into intellectually competent human resources that will help in the uplift of the nation to

Educational, Social, Technological, Environmental and Economic Magnificence.

Therefore, the introduction of MBA TOURISMprogramme in the Directorate of Distance

Education will contribute substantially in fulfilling the mission of Alagappa University. Such

a higher education in subject with appropriate Practical Exposer will enrich the human

resources for the uplift of the Nation to Educational, Social, Technological, Environmental

and Economic Magnificence (ESTEEM).

c) NATURE OF PROSPECTIVE TARGET GROUP OF LEARNERS

 Working Professionals  Entrepreneurs  Service Personnel  Academic Faculty  Government Officials  Researchers  Home makers  Unemployed Graduates

E) INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN

MBA TOURISM

Course Code

Title (^) CIA Max.

ESE

Max.

TOT

Max.

C

I Semester 33811 Management – Principles and Practices 25 75 100 4 33812 Organizational Behaviour 25 75 100 4 33813 Managerial Economics 25 75 100 4 33814 Quantitative Techniques 25 75 100 4 33815 Financial and Management Accounting 25 75 100 4 Total 125 375 500 20 II Semester 33821 Research Methods 25 75 100 4 33822 Business Environment 25 75 100 4 33823 Business Laws 25 75 100 4 33824 Management Information System 25 75 100 4 33825 Human Resource Management 25 75 100 4 Total 125 375 500 20

III Semester (^33831) Marketing Management 25 75 100 4 33832 Financial Management 25 75 100 4 33833 Tourism and Accommodation 25 75 100 4 33834 Tour Operators and Travel Agencies 25 75 100 4 33835 Quality in Tourism 25 75 100 4 Total 125 375 500 20 IV Semester 33841 Tourism Entrepreneurship 25 75 100 4 33842 Tourism Project Management 25 75 100 4 33843 Institutional Framework of Tourism 25 75 100 4 33844 Global Tourism 25 75 100 4 33845 Emerging Issues in Tourism 25 75 100 4 Total 125 375 500 20

Grand Total 2000 80

Course Code Legend:

3 3 8 Y Z

338- M.B.A Programme Y -Semester Number Z- Course Number in the Semester

CIA: Continuous Internal Assessment, ESE: End Semester Examination, TOT: Total, C:

Credit Points, Max.: Maximum

No. of Credits per Course (Theory) - 5 Total No. of Credits per Semester- 20

Total Credits for the Programme- 20 X 4 = 80

BLOCK III: FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT

UNIT 9 Directing : Meaning, Purpose, and Scope in the organization – Leadership: Meaning, Leadership styles, Leadership theories: Trait, Contingency, Situation, Path-Goal, Tactical, Transactional, Transformational and Grid. Leaders: Type, Nature, Significance and Functions, Barriers, Politics and Ethics. Leader Vs. Manager.

UNIT 10 Communications: Meaning – Types – Process – Communication in the decision making – Global Leading - Effective communication in the levels of management. – Uses of Communication to Planning, Organizing, coordinating and controlling.

UNIT 11 Co-ordination: Concept; Meaning, Characteristics, Importance in the organization, Co-ordination process and principles - Techniques of Effective co-ordination in the organization - Understanding and managing the group process.

BLOCK IV: BUSINESS ETHICS WITH NEW PERSPECTIVES IN MANAGEMENT UNIT 12 Business ethics: Relevance of values in Management; Holistic approach for managers indecision-making; Ethical Management: Role of organizational culture in ethics – Ethics Committee in the organization.

UNIT 13 Controlling: Objectives and Process of control Devices of control – Integrated control – Special control techniques- Contemporary - Perspectives in Device of Controls

UNIT 14 New Perspectives in Management - Strategic alliances – Core competence – Business process reengineering – Total quality management – Six Sigma- Benchmarking- Balanced Score-card.

REFERENCES

1. Stoner, et-al, Management, Prentice Hall, 1989.
2. Koontz and O’Donnell, Management: A Systems Approach, McGraw Hill, 1990
3. Weihrich and Koontz, Management: A Global Perspective, McGraw Hill, 1988
4. Peter F. Drucker, Management, 2008.
5. Gene Burton and Manab Thakur, Management Today: Principles and Practice, Tata McGraw Hill.
6. Ricky W. Griffin, Management, South-WesternCollege Publications, 2010
7. Stephen P. Robbins and Mary Coulter, Management, 9th Edition, 2006.
8. Kaplan and Norton, The Strategy-Focused Organization: How Balanced Scorecard Companies Thrive in the New Business Environment, HBP, 2000.

33812 - ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR

Objectives:  To understand the personality trades and influence on the organization.  To imbibe the necessary conceptual understanding of behaviour related people  To learn the modern trends, theories and changes in organizational Behaviour.

BLOCK I: BASICS OF ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR

UNIT 1 Organizational Behaviour: History – Meaning Elements – Evolution, Challenges and opportunities – Trends – disciplines – Approaches – Models – Management functions relevance to organizational Behaviour – Global Emergence of OB as a discipline.

UNIT 2 Personality – Determinants, Structure, Behaviour, Assessment, Individual Behaviour: Personality & Attitudes- Development of personality – Nature and dimensions of attitude – Trait Theory – Organizational fit – Organizational Commitment

UNIT 3 Emotions – Emotional Intelligence – Implications of Emotional Intelligence on Managers – EI as Managerial tool – EI performance in the organization – Attitudes: Definitions – Meaning – Attitude relationship with behaviour – Types – Consistency

UNIT 4 Individual Behaviour and process of the organization: Learning, Emotions, Attitudes, Perception, Motivation, Ability, Job satisfaction, Personality, Stress and its Management – Problem solving and Decision making – Interpersonal Communication - Relevance to organizational behaviour.

BLOCK II: ORGANISATIONAL SOURCES AND MANAGEMENT UNIT 5 Group Behaviour: Group Dynamics - Theories of Group Formation - Formal and Informal Groups in organization and their interaction - Group norms – Group cohesiveness – Team: Importance and Objectives - Formation of teams

• Team Work- Group dynamics – Issues - Their relevance to organizational behaviour.

UNIT 6 Organizational Power: Organizational Power: Definition, Nature, Characteristics - Types of powers - Sources of Power - Effective use of power

• Limitations of Power – Power centre in Organization.

UNIT 7 Organizational Politics: Definition – Political behaviour in organization - Factors creating political behaviour – Personality and Political Behaviour - Techniques of managing politics in organization – Impact of organizational politics.

1. Fred Luthans, Organizational Behaviour, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2006.
2. Stephen P. Robbins, Organizational Behaviour, Prentice Hall; 2010
3. Keith Davis, Organizational Behavior: Human Behavior at Work, McGraw Hill, 2010
4. Griffin and Moorhead, Organizational Behavior: Managing People and Organizations,
5. Judith R. Gordon, Organizational Behavior: A Diagnostic, Prentice Hall, 2001.
6. K. Aswathappa, Organizational Behaviour, Himalaya Publishing, Mumbai, 2010
7. Judith R. Gordon, A Diagnostic Approach to Organizational Behaviour, Allyn & Bacon, 1993.

33813 - MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS

Objectives:  To understand the economic principles and its applications in business  To develop economics based analytic skills for business  To make the learners to strong in economical approach

BLOCK I: BASICS OF MANGERIAL ECONOMICS UNIT 1 Economics: Introduction – Meaning, nature and scope of Managerial Economics – General Foundations of managerial Economics – Economic Approach – Working of Economic system - Circular flow activities - Economics & Business Decisions - Relationship between Economic theory and Managerial Economics.

UNIT 2 Business Decisions: Role of managerial Economics in Decision making – Decision making under Risk and Uncertainty - Concepts of Opportunity cost, - Production possibility curve – Incremental Concepts - Cardinal and Ordinal approaches to consumer Behaviour Time Value of Money –

UNIT 3 Consumer Behaviour: Marginalism – Equilibrium and Equi-marginalism and their role in business decision making. – Equi-Marginal principles – Utility analysis – Total and Marginal Utility – Law of diminishing marginal utility – Marshallian approach and Indifference curve analysis.

UNIT 4 Demand analysis: Meaning, Functions - Determinants of demand-Law of Demand – Demand Estimation and Forecasting - Applications of demand in analysis - Elasticity of Demand: Types, Measures and Role in Business Decisions.

BLOCK II: DEMAND AND SUPPLY MANGEMENT

UNIT 5 Supply Analysis: Determinants of supply- Elasticity of Supply- Measures and Significance - Derivations of market demand – Demand Estimation and Fore casting- Demand and Supply equilibrium – Giffen Paradox

UNIT 6 Production Functions: Managerial uses of production function - Cobb-Douglas and other production functions - Isoquants – Short run and long run production function – Theory of production – Empirical estimations of production functions.

UNIT 7 Forms of Markets: Meaning and Characteristics - Market Equilibrium: Practical Importance, Market Equilibrium and Changes in Market Equilibrium. Pricing Functions: Market Structures - Pricing and output decisions under different competitive conditions: Monopoly Monopolistic completion and Oligopoly

UNIT 8 Strategic Behaviour of the firms and Game Theory - Nash Equilibrium: Implications – Prisoner’s Dilemma: Types of strategy – Price and Non price competition – Relation to the firm behaviour.

BLOCK III: COST AND BREAK FROM POINTS

UNIT 9 Cost and Return: Cost function and cost output relationship – Economics and Diseconomies of scale - Cost control and cost reduction- Cost Behaviour and Business Decision- Relevant costs for decision-making- Traditional and Modern theory of Cost.

UNIT 10 New Product Penetrative Decision and Skimming the cream Pricing- Government control over pricing - Concept of Profit- Types and Theories of Profit by Knight (Uncertainty), Schumpeter (Innovation), Clark (Dynamic) and Hawley (Risk) - Profit maximization – Cost volume profit analysis – Risk and Return Relationship.

UNIT 11 Profit and Investment Analysis: Meaning – Measurement of profit – Theories of Pricing- Profit planning and forecasting- Profit and Wealth maximization – Cost volume profit analysis – Investment analysis and Evaluation: IRR, NPV and APV techniques.

BLOCK IV: MACRO ECONOMICS AND REGULATIONS UNIT 12 Macro-economic Factors: Nature, Importance ; Economic Growth and Development - Business cycle – Phases and Business Decision- Inflation - Factors causing Inflation and Deflation - Control measures – Balance of payment Trend and its implications in managerial decision.

UNIT 13 National Income: Introduction Meaning – Theories – Methods of Measurement - Sectoral and Population distributions – Per capita Income: Definition – Calculations – Uses – Limitations – GDP – GNP - Recent developments in Indian Economy.

Relationship between costs and level of activity, Decisions on Minimizing Costs and Maximizing output/profits.

UNIT 4 Linear Programming: Introduction to the linear programming – Concepts of optimization- Formulation of different types of linear programming – Standard from of LP problems - Importance and practical implementation in Industry

BLOCK II: LINEAR PROGRAMMING PROBLEMS UNIT 5 Simple regression and Correlation analysis: Introduction, Correlation, Correlation analysis, linear regression analysis and Co-efficient. Duality and sensitivity analysis for decision-making- Solving LP using graphical and simplex method (only simple problems) – Interpreting the solution for decision-making

UNIT 6 Special Algorithms of LPP: Transportation Algorithm - Balanced and Unbalanced Problem Formulation and solving methods: North West Corner, Vogel’s Approximation-MODI method- Assignment and Travelling Executive Algorithms

UNIT 7 Theory of Probability: Introduction to the Concept – Development of probability – Areas and Utilisation of probability theories in the Business – Sample space – terminology – Types of probability.

UNIT 8 Theoretical Probability Distributions: Introduction - Concept of events – Probability of events – Joint, conditional and marginal probabilities Probability distributions: Binomial, Poisson and Normal – Features and Applications – Use of Normal Tables.

BLOCK III: OPERATIONAL RESEARCH AND SIMULATION TECHNIQUES UNIT 9 Operational research for Decision Making: Historical background and Developments – Definition – Phases in the use of Operations research – Models – Characteristics of quantitative methods - Benefits and Limitations of Quantitative methods.

UNIT 10 Sequencing /Scheduling Methods : Concepts – terminology – Notations – Assumption for scheduling models – Job sequencing priorities – Processing the job and Mass production system.

UNIT 11 Simulation Techniques: Introduction to simulation as an aid to decision- making- Advantages and Disadvantages of Simulation – Applications of simulations models – Types: Inventory, Cash, and Project – Random Numbers.

BLOCK IV: QUERY AND DECISION TREE ANALYSIS UNIT 12 Queuing Theory: Introduction – Definition – Queue priorities Product launching problems using Monte Carlo simulation- Queuing Theory: M/M/ queuing model and applications.

UNIT 13 Decision Analysis: Concepts – Definition – Decision Tables Pay-off and Loss tables – Expected value of pay-off – Expected value of Perfect Formation – decision making process

UNIT 14 Decision Tree Analysis: Decision making environments – Concept of Posterior probabilities Decision Tree approach to choose optimal course of action Criteria for decision – Mini-max, Maxi-max, Minimizing Maximal Regret and their applications.

REFERENCES

1. David R. Anderson, et al, An Introduction to Management Science: Quantitative Approaches to Decision Making, Cengage Learning, 2008.
2. Lucey, Quantitative Techniques Cengage Learning Business Press, 2002
3. Sharma, Operations Research: Theory and Applications.
4. Richard I Levin, & C. Atkinson Kirkpatrick, Quantitative Approaches to Management, McGraw-Hill.
5. K. Gupta and D.S. Hira, Operations Research.
6. Srivastava, Shenoy and Sharma, Quantitative Techniques for Managerial Decision- making, New Age International, 2006.
7. N.D. Vohra, Quantitative Techniques in Management, Tata McGraw-Hill Education.
8. V.K. Kapoor, Operations Research.
9. Dharani Venkatakrishnan, Operations Research: Principles and Problems.
10. Hamdy A. Taha, Operations Research: An Introduction, Prentice Hall, 2002.

33815 - FINANCIAL AND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING

Objectives:

 To enable the students to learn basic accounting principles, concepts.  To practice Financial and Management accounting applications  To make the learners familiarize in managerial decision making.

BLOCK I: BASICS OF FINANCIAL AND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING

UNIT 1 Accounting: Definition – Accounting for historical function and managerial function - Types of Accounting- Management, Management and Cost accounting – Scope for Accounting-Managerial Uses of Management accounting and Financial Accounting.

UNIT 2 Accounting Concepts and Conventions – Accounting standards - Financial Accounting Definitions – Principles – Accounting standards - Double entry

margin of safety - Decision making under marginal costing system-key factor analysis, make or buy decisions, export decision, sales mix decision-Problems

UNIT 13 Budgeting and Budgetary Control: Concept and Need for Budgeting- Classification of budgets – Preparation of Sales, Production, Material, Purchase and Cash Budgets – Budgetary control system – Mechanism – Master budget.

UNIT 14 Capital Budgeting System: Importance – Methods of capital expenditure appraisal – Payback period method – ARR method – DCF methods – NPV and IRR methods – Their rationale – Capital rationing.

REFERENCES

1. Arulanandam& K.S. Raman,Advanced Accounting, Himalaya Publishing House.
2. Gupta &Radhasamy,Advanced Accounting, Sultan Chand & Sons.
3. Shukla & T.S. Grewal,Advanced Accounting, S.Chand&Company.
4. Jain &Narang,Advanced Cost Accounting, Kalyani. Publications.
5. Ravi M. Kishore, Cost Management, Taxman Publications
6. S.N. Maheswari, Management Accounting &Management Accounting, Vikas Publishers.
7. Manmohan & Goyal, Principles of Management Accounting, Shakithabhavan Publication.
8. N. K. Prasad,Advanced Cost Accounting, Book Syndicate Pvt. Ltd., Calcutta.
9. Andrew A Haried, Advanced Accounting, Atlantic Publishers.
10. Hoyle,Advanced Accounting, McGraw Hill.

33821 - RESEARCH METHODS

Objectives:

 To Understand the basic principles of research and design  To practice the research process, tools and techniques  To facilitate managerial decision making

BLOCK I: FUNDAMENTALS OF RESEARCH

UNIT 1 Research Bases: Definition and applications of business research; Types of research – descriptive, exploratory, correlational, explanatory, quantitative, qualitative; Steps in the research process; establishing operational definitions

UNIT 2 Research scope - Recent advancements in research. Distinction between Pure & Applied, Historical & Futuristic, Analytical & Synthetic, Descriptive & Prescriptive, Survey & Experimental and Case & Generic Researches

UNIT 3 Planning of Research: Research problem – Identification, selection and formulation of research problem – Review of literature in the field of business

• Identifying objectives of the research.

UNIT 4 Economic management: Use in identifying Research Gaps and Techniques – Hypothesis – Meaning – Sources and Types of Hypothesis – Hypothesis Formulation for testing – Research design – Factors affecting research design

• Evaluation of research design

BLOCK II: SAMPLING AND ITS TYPES UNIT 5 Variables construction for Hypothesis: Identifying variables - Constructing hypotheses – functions, characteristics, types of hypotheses - Significance of research in social sciences – Induction and deduction.

UNIT 6 Sampling Design: Census method and sampling method for investigation – Principle of sampling – Essentials of a good sampling – sampling frame; Methods of sampling: Probability, non-probability, mixed sampling designs;

UNIT 7 Construction of sampling for Finite and Infinite populations – Sample size determination– Calculations - Factors affecting the size of the sample – Biased sample – Sampling and non-sampling errors.

UNIT 8 Sources and Collection of Data: Sources of data – Primary and secondary data

• Modes of data collection – Observation: Types and Techniques – Interview: Types and conduct – Preparation for an interview – Effective interview techniques – Limitations of interview

BLOCK III: TOOLS OF DATA COLLECTION UNIT 9 Schedule: Meaning and kinds – Essentials of a good schedule – Procedure for the formulation of a schedule – Questionnaire: Meaning and types – Format of a good questionnaire– Schedules Vs. Questionnaires

UNIT 10 Scaling techniques: Meaning, Importance, Types of measurement scales – Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, Ratio; Methods of their construction of Questionnaires or Schedules – Pre-testing of Data Collection Tools- Validity and Reliability – Methods.

UNIT 11 Processing and Analysis of Data: Meaning – Importance – Process of data analysis – Editing – Coding – Tabulation – Diagrams – Univariate, Bivariate and Multi-variant analysis

BLOCK IV: HYPOTHESIS AND REPORT WRITING UNIT 12 Test of Significance: Fundamentals on Test Procedure- Testing for significance of Mean/Proportion and difference between Means/Proportions- F Test for Means and Chi-square test Contingency Table - Parametric Test: T test, F Test and Z test

Micro Environment – Micro and Macro Economics to the business – Constituents of Business environment

UNIT 2 Fundamental issues captured in PESTLE– Political, Economic, Socio-cultural, Technological, Legal and Ecological environment- Opportunities and Threats as environmental issues to address by Businesses.

UNIT 3 Political Environment: Government and Business – Political Systems, Political Stability and Political Maturity as conditions of business growth - Role of Government in Business: Entrepreneurial, Catalytic, Competitive, Supportive, Regulative and Control functions

UNIT 4 Government and Economic planning: Industrial policies and promotion schemes – Government policy and SSI – Interface between Government and public sector - Guidelines to the Industries – Industrial Development strategies; salient features, Role of public and private sectors, Comparative cost dynamics.

BLOCK II: ECONOMIC AND INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT UNIT 5 Economic Environment: Phase of Economic Development and its impact- GDP Trend and distribution and Business Opportunities – capacity utilisation

• Regional disparities and evaluation - Global Trade and investment environment.

UNIT 6 Financial System and Business capital: Monetary and Fiscal policies - Financial Market structure – Money and Capital markets – Stock Exchanges and Its regulations – Industrial Finance - Types, Risk - Cost-Role of Banks; Industrial Financial Institutions - Role of Management Institutions

UNIT 7 Role of Central Bank- Fiscal System: Government Budget and Taxation Measures- Fiscal Deficits and Inflation- FDI and collaboration – Foreign Capital tapping by businesses- Export-Import policy – Foreign Exchange and Business Development.

UNIT 8 Labour Environment: Labour Legislation – Labour and social securities – Industrial Relations – Trade Unions – Workers participation in management – Exit Policy – Quality Circles.

BLOCK III: SOCIAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT UNIT 9 Social and Technological Environment: Societal Structure and Features- Entrepreneurial Society and its implications for business – Social and cultural factors and their implications for business- Technology Development Phase in the Economy as conditioner of Business Opportunities

UNIT 10 Technology Environment: Technology Policy- Technology Trade and transfer- Technology Trends in India- Role of Information Technology – Clean Technology. – Time lag in technology – Appropriate technology and Technology adoption- Impact of technology on globalization.

UNIT 11 Legal and Ecological Environment: Legal Environment as the all-enveloping factor from inception, location, incorporation, conduct, expansion and closure of businesses – IDRA and Industrial licensing – Public, Private, Joint and Cooperative Sectors.

BLOCK IV: NEW ECONOMIC POLICY AND LEGAL ENVIRONMENT UNIT 12 Legal Aspects of Entering Primary and Secondary Capital Markets- Law on Patents- Law on Consumer Protection- Law on Environmental Protection- Need for Clean energy and Reduction of Carbon footprint.

UNIT 13 New Economic Policy Environment in India: Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization (LPG): Efficiency Drive through Competition- Facets of Liberalization and impact on business growth

UNIT 14 Aspects of Privatization and impact on business development– Globalization and Enhanced Opportunities and Threats – Extended competition in Input and Output Markets Role of WTO, IMF and World Bank in global economic development.

REFERENCES

1. Brooks, Weatherston, Wilkinson, International Business Environment, Pearson, 2010.
2. Steiner & Steiner, Business, Government and Society: A Managerial Perspective, McGraw-Hill, 2008.
3. Mohinder Kumar Sharma, Business Environment in India, South Asia Books.
4. Adhikary M, Economic Environment of Business, Sultan Chand & Sons.
5. Amarchand D, Government and Business, TMH.
6. Francis Cherunilam, Business Environment and Development, Himalaya Publishing House, 2008.
7. Maheswari & Gupta, Government, Business and Society.