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An overview of Time Motion Analysis (TMA) in sports, its definition, importance, and methods. TMA is a non-invasive technique used to quantify work rate during field-based sports and assess the physiological demands placed on athletes at an elite level. the accuracy of TMA systems, its benefits, and various methods such as Pro Zone, GPS, video/computer software, and hand notational methods.
Typology: Lecture notes
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Provides coaches and players alike with feedback on performance (Hughes, 1996).
Provides information regarding an individual players performance throughout a game or training session (Hughes, 1996).
Can be used to monitor seasonal variations in player performances/work rate (Bompa, 1999).
Can aid coaches in team and tactical selections or styles of play utilised (Hughes, 1996).
Allows understanding of the physiological and activity demands of sport – energy expenditure (Hughes, 1996).
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Clock time refers to the time the ball is in play during the game, Match time on the other had is the total duration of the match/event including stopages and points where the ball is out of play. Sports such as Australian Rules Football and Rugby League are based around clock timings. These factors have not been discussed in a range of time motion analysis studies (King and O’Donoghue, 2003 and Castagna et al. 2004)
Doğramacı and Watsford (2008) investigated the influence of clock time and match time on time motion analysis data collected during futsal match play.
When comparing the data collected during the game for clock time and game time there was greater was a 16% greater total overall distance covered, a 6.9% increase in the time spent in low- intensity activities, and a change in activity every 4.00 s vs. 3.28 s, respectively. There was little change in the high-intensity activities from clock- time to match-time comparison.
The results of the study suggest that clock time only may misrepresent the movement patterns in a game situation so a standard method of analysis focusing upon game time should be used. A range of published studies do not indicate which method they utilised within the analysis process, this could be seen as a limitation of the studies.
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Time motion analysis data allows coaches to develop fitness testing protocols which mirror the actual and specific demands of the sports match play. This is beneficial as results collected in such tests have a direct reflection on match play performance. A range of tests have been developed including;
The specific fitness tests are beneficial as they mirror the demands of match play and have greater worth in regards to athlete monitoring and fitness testing than the multi stage fitness test. Image by wonker
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