The Shard at London Bridge, Lecture notes of Piano

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The Shard at London Bridge

Structure Case Study by:

Leslie Tijerina - Adrian Silvas - Hardik Jariwala

Azadeh Mahmoudi - Saideh Sadri - Behzad Yaghmaei

ARCH-631 / Dr. Anne Nichols

Fall 2016

CONTENT

MAIN STRUCTURE 07

INTRODUCTION

THE SHARD

FOUNDATION & SOIL ANALYSIS

DESCRIPTION OF LOADS

COMPONENTS

CONNECTIONS

LATERAL SYSTEMS

SOIL ANALYSIS

DESIGN CONCEPT

THE SHARD

The goal for the design was to accentuate the urban and create a structure that would blend with the skyline. Located in the center of a transportation hub, The Shard’s aims to sympathize with urbanscape. Since the schematic design process, geographic conditions were designed for.

Residential 62,000 sq ft Hotel 192,000 sq ft Offices 594,000 sq ft Retail 61,000 sq ft

Spire

Apartment

Restaurant

Offices

THE SHARD

Hotel

Viewing Gallery

PROJECT REQUIREMENTS

Gross Internal Area 1,367,000 sq ft

Lifts 44

Population 8,

Car Parking Spaces 48

Area of Facade 600,000 sq ft

Volume of Concrete 580,000 sq ft

Weight of Steel 11,000 tons

Glass Panels 11,

THE SHARD MAIN STRUCTURE

● The Shard Tower’s spire was pre-constructed due to the height of the building and the strength of the high winds at that level. ● The weight of each component of the spire had to be calculated so that they did not surpass the tonnage limit of the crane. ● Total weight was about 530 tons ● Units were about 3 meters wide and bolted together. THE SHARD MAIN STRUCTURE

• The façade of the building was recognized as its most distinctive feature.
• The architect desired a very clear appearance, without the common green tinge that is often seen.
• Triple-glazed panels were produced, with a single skin on the outside and a sealed double-glazed unit inside. The shards were extended beyond the edges of the floor plates as “wing walls”, providing additional visual definition to the separate façade planes.
• The outer cavity is 300 mm wide and is ventilated at each floor level. When the air in the cavity is heated by the sun, it rises and exists through the vent at the top of the panel, drawing cool air in at the bottom.
• In addition, the cavity contains a roller blind, operated by the building management system (BMS) to further reduce solar gain.
• Users of the shard can lift a blind to see the view, but after a short time the BMS lowers it again. THE SHARD

Safety detail at perimeter

A unique prefabricated edge detail was provided to the steel floors, with steel tubes installed on a plate to enable immediate installation of safety barriers to the perimeter of the building COMPONENTS

• For office floors, it is possible to open the outer façade slightly in the winter gardens to admit fresh air, although the opening mechanism is connected to the BMS. If the temperature is too low, or the wind speed is too high, the window cannot be opened. Facade Safety Detail At Perimeter

THE SHARD “The Spire”

• The ‘Spire’ is the 60m tall pinnacle at top of the tower, containing the public viewing gallery.
• The concrete core stops at level 72 and continues as a steel mast.
• The solid floors are replaced by open grids and the shards stop at different levels.
• The spire comprises a central steel mast to provide stability, floor plates every third level and the ‘shards’ themselves.
• The shards extend past the top floor plate by up to 18 m and are supported by cantilevering trusses.
• The compression booms are restrained by U-frame action from the trusses acting together with the frames in the plane of the facade.
• The wind tunnel test on the spire checked the structure for any resonant or ‘galloping’ effects from wind gusts. . The Spire COMPONENTS

THE SHARD ● “They went to a lot of trouble to minimise the size of connections and make the welding neat,” says John Parker technical director of engineer WSP. ● The spire has a steel stair supported by a steel core structure built in three-storey units. The stair extends from floor 67 to 87. It wraps around the central core and is tied to the structure at landings on every third floor. CONNECTIONS

THE SHARD CONNECTIONS

In order to make it as efficient as possible, the change in perimeter column spacing from 6m to 3m was achieved by using Vierendeel trusses. USING VIERENDEEL TRUSSES At the junction of the main tower with the backpack(the office space extension which is 19 stories high), the spacing of columns was increased to 12m. The reason is because they wanted to avoid a wall of columns interrupt the office spaces. Here, they used simple but very large trusses. DESCRIPTION OF LOADS THE SHARD TRANSFER OF LOADS

Diagrid The beams for the steel framed floors were set orthogonally to the shards (façade planes) rather than being arranged at right angles to the core walls. The perimeter spans were 6m in the steel floors, but 3m in the concrete floors. At the top of the spire reduced to 1.5m. DESCRIPTION OF LOADS THE SHARD

sits at the top of the Shard contains 530 tons of structural steel. Its height is 60m and has 23 stories. It is located on top of middle concrete part, and assembled 300m up in the air, over the top of the highest point of the concrete core, where wind speed can be as much as 100 mph. The spire is the focal point of the tower. THE SHARD Glass Spire DESCRIPTION OF LOADS

From the outside, it looks like that the tower has an uninterrupted taper from base to the top, while in fact it is not true. In some parts of the office levels, the perimeter columns rise vertically for several floors before gaining the slope of 6 degree. In one location the slope is reversed for some of the levels. These are the places we call “Kink points” that substantial horizontal forces are produced, and from there transfers from the steel struts and ties, back to the core. Tapering and Kink points Awards for: This Awards from: This text here with short description Awards for: This Awards from: This text here with short description THE SHARD DESCRIPTION OF LOADS