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The Immune System: Exploring Innate and Adaptive Immunity, Quizzes of Zoology

University of RajasthanZoology

A comprehensive overview of the immune system, covering its fundamental components and mechanisms. It delves into the intricate workings of innate and adaptive immunity, shedding light on the crucial roles played by various immune cells, such as lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages. The complex interplay between these cellular players, as well as the signaling pathways and molecular interactions that govern the immune response. It also discusses the importance of self-recognition, antigen presentation, and the generation of antibodies in maintaining a balanced and effective immune system. By understanding the principles of immunology, this document equips readers with the knowledge to better comprehend the body's defense mechanisms against pathogens, infections, and diseases.

Typology: Quizzes

2023/2024

Uploaded on 04/13/2024

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Zoology filen 1
Immunology MCQ (Multiple Choice Questions)
Here are 1000 MCQs on Immunology (Chapterwise).
1. What is immunology?
a) The study of insects
b) The study of the immune system and its responses
c) The study of astronomy
d) The study of rocks and minerals
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Immunology is the scientific study that focuses on understanding the immune
system and its responses. This field explores how the body defends itself against infections,
diseases, and foreign substances.
2. What are the signaling molecules of the immune system?
a) Chemokines
b) Cytokines
c) Transmitters
d) Antigens
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Antigens are the foreign molecules and they act as the signal that indicates the
presence of non-self molecules in the body. Cytokines are the molecules that are
responsible for the interaction of the various immune cells.
3. Who is considered the father of immunology?
a) Paul Ehrlich
b) Robert Koch
c) Edward Jenner
d) Louis Pasteur
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Paul Ehrlich is often regarded as the father of immunology. His
groundbreaking work contributed significantly to the understanding of the immune system,
including the concept of antibodies and the side-chain theory.
advertisement
4. What does MHC stand for in immunology?
a) Molecular Host Carrier
b) Membrane Homeostasis Control
c) Major Histocompatibility Complex
d) Microscopic Health Component
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: MHC, or Major Histocompatibility Complex, refers to a group of genes that
encode proteins essential for the immune system. These proteins play a crucial role in
presenting antigens to T cells, aiding in immune responses.
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Zoology filen 1

Immunology MCQ (Multiple Choice Questions)

Here are 1000 MCQs on Immunology (Chapterwise).

  1. What is immunology? a) The study of insects b) The study of the immune system and its responses c) The study of astronomy d) The study of rocks and minerals View Answer Answer: b Explanation: Immunology is the scientific study that focuses on understanding the immune system and its responses. This field explores how the body defends itself against infections, diseases, and foreign substances.
  2. What are the signaling molecules of the immune system? a) Chemokines b) Cytokines c) Transmitters d) Antigens View Answer Answer: d Explanation: Antigens are the foreign molecules and they act as the signal that indicates the presence of non-self molecules in the body. Cytokines are the molecules that are responsible for the interaction of the various immune cells.
  3. Who is considered the father of immunology? a) Paul Ehrlich b) Robert Koch c) Edward Jenner d) Louis Pasteur View Answer Answer: a Explanation: Paul Ehrlich is often regarded as the father of immunology. His groundbreaking work contributed significantly to the understanding of the immune system, including the concept of antibodies and the side-chain theory. advertisement
  4. What does MHC stand for in immunology? a) Molecular Host Carrier b) Membrane Homeostasis Control c) Major Histocompatibility Complex d) Microscopic Health Component View Answer Answer: c Explanation: MHC, or Major Histocompatibility Complex, refers to a group of genes that encode proteins essential for the immune system. These proteins play a crucial role in presenting antigens to T cells, aiding in immune responses.
  1. Which of the following cells are involved in innate immune responses as well as adaptive immune responses? a) Dendritic cells b) Natural Killer cells c) Macrophages d) Neutrophils View Answer Answer: a Explanation: Dendritic cells are involved in antigen presentation where they are served as a link between innate immune system and adaptive immunity system.
  2. Which of these cells give rise to antibodies? a) T cells b) Lymphocytes c) Plasma cells d) B cells View Answer Answer: c Explanation: Upon maturation and activation, B cells differentiate into Plasma cells which give rise to Antibodies. It is to be noted that B cells do not directly give rise to the antibodies. Lymphocytes, however, is a lineage of cells which gives rise to B cells and T cells.
  3. Which immunoglobulin is the first to be produced during an immune response? a) IgE b) IgM c) IgG d) IgA View Answer Answer: b Explanation: IgM is the first antibody class produced during the initial stages of an immune response.
  4. What are thymocytes? a) Matured B cells b) Immaturd B cells c) Matured T cells d) Immatured T cells View Answer Answer: d Explanation: Immatured T cells are called thymocytes. Thymus is the site of maturation of T cells. These cells when matured are called naive or unprimed T cells until the selection process.
  5. What are responsible for recruiting immune cells to a specific location within the body? a) Chemokines b) TNFs c) Interferons

This set of Life Sciences Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Immunology Introduction”.

  1. The ability of an organism to resist infections by the pathogens is called___________ a) Infection b) Hypersensitivity c) Immunity d) Allergy View Answer Answer: c Explanation: Immunity is the ability of an organism to resist infections with the help of the immune system. Immunity is further divided into two categories, i.e. innate immunity and adaptive immunity.
  2. Innate immunity present since birth and it has no memory. a) True b) False View Answer Answer: a Explanation: Innate immunity is the natural immunity, which is present for the birth and it operated against any foreign molecules and pathogens. It provides the first line of defense and is not specific in nature.
  3. Which of the following compounds is NOT found in tears? a) Lysozyme b) Lactoferin c) IgA d) IgE View Answer Answer: d Explanation: IgE participates in hypersensitivity reactions, but not present in tears. Tears are the secretion of lacrimal gland and also know as lacrimal fluid consists of lysozyme, lactoferrin, and IgA. advertisement
  4. Name the cytokines which released in response to virus infection? a) Interferons b) Monokines c) Lymphokines d) Interleukins View Answer Answer: a Explanation: Monokines, lymphokines, interleukins, and interferons are cytokines which are of low molecular weight soluble protein or glycoprotein. Interferon is cytokines produced by cells in response to virus infections.
  5. Name the group of pattern recognition molecules which functions exclusively as a signaling receptor? a) CRP

b) Toll-like receptor c) MBL d) LPS View Answer Answer: b Explanation: Toll-like receptor functions exclusively as a signaling receptor and is a pattern recognition molecule. It was identified as a protein involved in the formation of dorso-ventral polarity in developing fly embryos. Sanfoundry Certification Contest of the Month is Live. 100+ Subjects. Participate Now!

  1. Name the first cell which recruited at the place of infection. a) Nk cells b) Basophils c) Nutrophils d) Macrophages View Answer Answer: c Explanation: Neutrophils are second major type of phagocytic cell which is found in abundance in blood and have short life span.
  2. Name the nerve stimulator which is responsible for the pain of the inflammation. a) Bradikinins b) Prostaglandin c) Histamines d) Kinins View Answer Answer: d Explanation: Kinins are the principal mediator of inflammatory response which is present in blood plasma in an inactive form. It causes vasodilation and increased permeability of capillaries.
  3. Which of the following is NOT the characteristics of a good antigen. a) Large in size b) Foreignness c) Highly complex d) Reproduce only by binary fission View Answer Answer: d Explanation: A good antigen is defined by its complexity and size, plus its foreignness and dosage. Large size and highly complex antigen are considered as good and more responsive.
  4. Which of the following antibody gives a primary immune reaction? a) IgG b) IgM c) IgA d) IgE View Answer

b) False View Answer Answer: b Explanation: The innate immune system is composed of physical as well as some chemical barriers to respond against the invaders in our body. The examples of physical barriers are skin and mucous membrane while some examples of chemical barriers are antimicrobial peptides and some reactive oxygen species along with innate immune cells and soluble mediators. advertisement

  1. Which of the following does NOT belong to the antimicrobial peptide family? a) Defensins b) Cathelicidin c) Statins d) Peptidins View Answer Answer: d Explanation: Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are essential components of the innate immune response, which contribute to the first line of defence against infections. In humans, AMPs are classified into three main families: defensins (α and β), cathelicidin, and statins. AMPs have a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity, exerting their functions through electrostatic interactions between their positive charge and the negative charge that certain pathogens have on their cell wall.
  2. What is the approximate time span for the monocytes to circulate once released in the bloodstream? a) 24 hours b) 48 hours c) 72 hours d) 60 hours View Answer Answer: c Explanation: Monocytes are cells that develop in the bone marrow and they are released into the bloodstream to circulate for approximately 72 hours. After the circulation is complete, then they emigrate to different tissues where they differentiate into macrophages or DCs (dendritic cells). Monocytes have a greater involvement in the innate immune response against pathogens and during the inflammatory processes.
  3. Which of the following is NOT a surface receptor possessed by macrophages to carry out innate response? a) Toll-like receptors b) NOD-like receptors c) Scavenger receptors d) T cell receptors View Answer Answer: d Explanation: Macrophages produce a wide range of surface receptors which give them the ability to recognize exogenous as well as endogenous ligands in order to respond to the invading pathogens. These are a group of receptors which are as follows: Toll-like

receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors, scavenger receptors, retinoic acid-inducible gene (RIG)-I family and lectins.

  1. Which of the following type of macrophages are found in almost all tissues? a) Resident macrophages b) Inflammatory macrophages c) Innate macrophages d) Adaptive macrophages View Answer Answer: a Explanation: Monocytes differentiate into macrophages after the circulation is completed in the bloodstream. Macrophages are heterogeneous cell population, such as effector cells of the innate immune system, which play an important role in a host’s defence and inflammation. In general, macrophages can be divided into two populations: resident and inflammatory macrophages. Resident macrophages are found in almost all tissues and contribute to their development, as well as immunological surveillance, homeostasis, and tissue repair. On the other hand, inflammatory macrophages are derived from circulatory monocytes and rapidly infiltrate tissues compromised by injury or infection.
  2. Which type of cells represent an important link between innate and adaptive immune system? a) Macrophages b) Somatic cells c) Dendritic cells d) Mast cells View Answer Answer: c Explanation: Dendritic Cells (DCs) represent an important link between innate and adaptive immunity. DCs are heterogeneous population of antigen-presenting cells that are crucial to initiate and polarize the immune response. Although, all DCs are capable of capturing, processing, and presenting antigens to T cells, DCs subtypes differ in origin, location, migration patterns, and specialized immunological roles.
  3. How is granulopoiesis graduated? a) Myeloblasts (MB) ➔ Promyelocytes (PM) ➔ Myelocytes ➔ Metamyelocytes (MM) b) Myelocytes ➔ Promyelocytes (PM) ➔ Myeloblasts (MB) ➔ Metamyelocytes (MM) c) Promyelocytes (PM) ➔ Myelocytes ➔ Metamyelocytes (MM) ➔ Myeloblasts (MB) d) Myeloblasts (MB) ➔ Metamyelocytes (MM) ➔ Myelocytes ➔ Promyelocytes (PM) View Answer Answer: a Explanation: The granulopoiesis is initiated by neutrophils which are one of the important factors of the Innate Immune System. This process occurs in the bone marrow and is initiated when the neutrophils myeloblasts (MB) develop in promyelocytes (PM), characterized by a round nucleus and presence of azurophil granules. Further they mature into myelocytes with specific granules, maturing to metamyelocytes (MM). These are the cells composed by a nucleus with kidney form. Metamyelocytes further mature to band cells (CB) and in segmented cells (CS) also known as polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs).
  4. Which of the following factor does NOT contribute for the development of eosinophils for regulating the Innate Immune response?