The Earth System: Understanding the Interconnected Spheres of Our Planet, Assignments of Geology

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THE EARTH

SYSTEM

Presented by

ANASMITA PANDA

UG 1

Roll No - 002320401014

ABOUT THE EARTH

EARTH AS A CLOSED SYSTEM

CLOSED SYSTEM – A system which can exchange energy but not matter with its surrounding.  (^) Earth essentially operates as a closed system because energy reaches Earth from an external source and eventually returns to space as long- wavelength radiation, but the matter within the system is basically fixed.

EARTH AS A CLOSED SYSTEM The subsystems within Earth which are inter- connected, are open systems, freely exchanging matter and energy.

GEOSPHERE

LAYERS OF GEOSPHERE  (^) Crust The upper rigid part of the Geosphere. It is divided in two types- I. Continental crust ( average thickness- 35km) II.Oceanic crust ( average thickness – 8 km)  Mantle  The middle layer of the Geosphere between the crustal base and the outer core. Its average thickness is 2900 km.  Core  The very hot and very dense center of our planet. It is also divided into two types I. Outer core (average thickness - 2200 km) -- A fluid layer composed of iron and nickel. II.Inner core (average thickness - 1220km) -- A solid layer composed of mostly iron.

HYDROSPERE  (^) Water covers about 70% of the surface of the Earth. Of this water most of it ( 97.5%) is found as salt water. Only 2.5% of the Earth’s water is fresh water and of all the fresh water, 87.3% of it is contained in the polar ice caps and glaciers. Less than 1% of the fresh water comes from lakes and other surface sources.  (^) The perennially frozen part of the Earth’s hydrosphere is made of ice: glaciers, ice caps and icebergs. The frozen part is called Cryosphere.  (^) Much water also exists in the atmosphere as water vapor, clouds and fog.

ATMOSPHERE  (^) Atmosphere is the mixture of gases surrounding the Earth. It is composed of about 78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, 0.93% Argon, 0.03% Carbon dioxide and other gases.  (^) The atmosphere protects us from incoming UV ray and prevents extremes between day and night temperature.

BIOSPHER E  (^) The Biosphere includes all of Earth’s organisms, as well as any organic matter not yet decomposed.  (^) The existence of Biosphere makes the Earth a unique planet.  (^) Here life exists extending about 11 km into the ocean and about 9 km into the Atmosphere.  (^) The Biosphere is composed of living organisms (biota) and the non-living factors (abiotic) from which they derive energy and nutrients.  (^) The abiotic portion includes the flow of energy, nutrients, water and gases and the concentrations of the organic and inorganic substances in the environment. The biotic portion includes producers, consumers and decomposers.  (^) The Biosphere supports all life on the earth, 3 to 30 million species of plants, animals, fungi, single cell prokaryotes such as bacteria and single cell eukaryotes such as protozoans.  (^) Most components Biosphere is located

ANTHROPOSPHERE

 The Anthroposphere

encompasses the total human

presence throughout the Earth

System including our culture,

technology, built environment

and associated activities. The

sphere has been modified by

humans for their purposes.

Though Anthroposphere is the

youngest of all the Earth’s

spheres , it has made an

enormous impact on the Earth and

its systems in a very short time.

THANK YOU