Download Texas Teacher Certification - TExES ESL Supplemental Exam (154) Question & Answers 2025 and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
Supplemental Exam (154) Question &
Answers 2025
semantics - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔the meaning of a word, phrase, sentence, or text pragmatics - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔the use and function of language and the contexts in which it is used affect - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔an attitude or emotion that a speaker brings to an utterance phoneme - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔any of the perceptually distinct units of sound in a specified language that distinguish one word from another phonology - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔the system of relationships among the speech sounds that constitute the fundamental components of a language phonemic awareness - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔the ability to deal explicitly with segmental sound units smaller than a syllable. Example: The sound units in D O G.
Supplemental Exam (154) Question &
Answers 2025
phonetics - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Study of sounds of the human speech. phonics - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Involves teaching children to connect sounds with letters or groups of letters. Example: (K) can be represented by C, K, or Ch spellings. morpheme - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔a meaningful morphological unit of a language that cannot be further divided morphology - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔the study of the forms of words and how words are formed syntax - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language, and the set of rules to do so lexicon - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔the vocabulary of a person, language, or branch of knowledge
Supplemental Exam (154) Question &
Answers 2025
dysnomia - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔a general chronic difficulty in retrieving vocabulary items code-switching - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔the practice of alternating between two or more languages or varieties of language in conversation circumlocution - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔a common communication strategy used in L2 acquisition: the learner knows the meaning but hasn't yet acquired the corresponding L2 word so they use more words than necessary to describe it Language register - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔the level of formality with which you speak -- different situations and people call for different registers language interference - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Information that a student uses from his first language that does not exist in the second language
Supplemental Exam (154) Question &
Answers 2025
biliteracy - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔the ability to read and write proficiently in two languages automaticity - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔the ability to do things without occupying the mind with the low-level details required, allowing it to become an automatic response pattern or habit. It is usually the result of learning, repetition, and practice. Cognates - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Words which have a common origin. There are 3 distinct levels. They are: True Cognate- Partial Cognate- False Cognate True Cognate - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔The word is spelled the same, meaning the same, but pronunciation will be different according to language structure of the words such as an accent mark. Example: English- rodeo Spanish- rodeo Partial Cognate - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔The word in other languages has the same origin but the spelling will differ. The meaning will be the same but the pronunciation due to the language structure will be different. Example: english- fragrance spanish- frangancia english- apple german apfel
Supplemental Exam (154) Question &
Answers 2025
realia - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Concrete objects from the everyday world used during instruction to make input comprehensible Sheltered Instruction - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Also referred to as transition or bridge classes. Students cover the same content areas as English only classes but they do so in a manner that adapts the language components of the classes to meet the needs of the language minority students' English proficiency levels. Behaviorism (Skinner) - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Brain is a blank slate, imitation of input from environment, habit formation by reptition, errors due to habits, contrastive analysis can predict L2 errors (L interferes with L2 acquisition), audiolingual methods (in classroom) Constructivism (Piaget) - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Leaning result of social interaction, children construct understanding in context of their activities, early langage is egocentric, brain learns when ready, progress from concrete to more abstract, from figurative to operative, exploratory, discovery learning (in classroom)
Supplemental Exam (154) Question &
Answers 2025
Nativism (Chomsky) - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Language Acquisition Device (LAD), LAD contains principles of Universal Grammar, independent process (not general learning), process of rule formation Communicative Approach (Krashen) - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Two separate processes in development of languages- acquisition and learning Direct method - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔emphasis on oral language acquisition; involves demonstrations by teacher and use of pictures, films; other visuals; stress on total immersion in L2 with no use of L1. Audio-lingual - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔based on behavioral psychology and structural linguistics; uses mimicry, memorization drills; emphasis on isolated grammar structures; use of tapes, language labs, visual aids. TPR (Total Physical Response) - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Uses body movement to accelerate language acquisition, teacher gives command and models the action: open your book; stand up; walk to the window.
Supplemental Exam (154) Question &
Answers 2025
Sociocultureal/Communicative Theory (Vygotzky) - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Learning occurs within the interpersonal space of teacher-student interactions. Temporary support (scaffolding) is essential. ZONE OF PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENT: Tasks children can complete independently, tasks children can complete when assisted by a competent teacher, tasks children cannot complete even with assistance. Sheltered Content (Echevarria, Vogt, and Short) - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔SIOP- Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol, Attention to content objectives, language objectives, background knowledge, interaction, and meaningful activities. Content-based Instruction - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Communicative approach led to content-based ESL instruction to prepare students for mainstream classes. Taught by ESL educators, Addresses key topics in grade-level curriculum, seeks to develop students' English proficiency through study of subject area content, and addresses academic skills Culture - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔is shared beliefs, values , and rule governed by patterns of behavior that define a group. (Peregoy & Boyle,
- It includes what people know and believe, what people do, and what people make and use.
Supplemental Exam (154) Question &
Answers 2025
Surface Culture - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Part of culture that can be seen: Language, clothing, food, customs, and art. Deep Culture - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Below the surface are the more meaningful and powerful aspects of culture: a. Beliefs- what we see as truth b. Norms- unwritten rules for behavior c. values- what we hold most important Culture Shock - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔The realization of the depth of difference between home culture and the new culture; may cause frustration, anger, and depression. Acculturation - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔The process of adapting to a new culture. Assimilation - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔The members of a group are absorbed into a culture and lose characteristics of the first culture. The group is willing or forced to accept the surface and deep culture of the new culture and give up original culture. Marginalization - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Groups lacking desirable traits are excluded from society. These groups include poor,
Supplemental Exam (154) Question &
Answers 2025
literacy and academic achievement. These skills usually take five to seven years to fully develop in Second language learners. Purposes of CALP - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔comprehend written text, produce written text, ask/answer informational and clairifying questions related to academic content, make connections involving academic information, conduct research Language Acquisition - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔develops unconsiously through us Language Learning - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔requires instruction Stages of Development in Communication Skills - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Stage 1: One-way Communication Stage 2: Partial Two-way Communication Stage 3: Full Two-way Communication Stage 1: One-way Communication - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔"Silent period"- learners are acquiring knowledge about the new language, including vocabulary, syntax, and content knowledge.
Supplemental Exam (154) Question &
Answers 2025
Stage 2: Partial Two-way Communication - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔The learners listen to communication and respond with either gestures or their native language. They can show comprehension without speaking by nodding, pointing, drawing, and gesturing. Stage 3: Full Two-way Communication - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Learners listen and respond effectively in the target language. Process through the stages is enhanced when the level of activity matches the learners' stage of development. Context-embedded communication - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔uses visuals and vocal props to help student understand what is said. Picture and other objects graphically explain and demonstrate. Gestures are used and so is tone of voice. Context-reduced communication - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔has no visual cues so the student must rely on competency and fluency to understand (phone conversations) Grammar-based method for teaching ELLs - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔teaches the rules, structure, function and vocabulary -- emphasis in on the why and how.
Supplemental Exam (154) Question &
Answers 2025
SPEECH EMERGENCE - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Last up to 1 year. Students use short sentences and begint o ask simple quetions. Grammatical errors make communication challenging. INTERMEDIATE LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Std begin to make complex statements, share thoughts and opinions and speak more often. May last 1 year or more. ADVANCE LEARNING PROFICIENCY - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Lasts 5 - 7 years. Students have acquired a substatial vocabulary and are capapble of participating in activities and discussions 4 Key Pricipals of Language Aquisition for ELL - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔4 key concepts in mainstream classrooms to help ELL acquire proficiency in both writing and speaking: increase comprehensibility; encourage interaction; increase thinking and study skills; use native language Increase comprehensibility - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔use pictures, props, gestures and voice variations to explain or demonstrate a subject.
Supplemental Exam (154) Question &
Answers 2025
Encourage Interaction - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ask questions and assign group activities. Provide ELL lots of opportunity to practice to increase confidence. Increase thinking and study skills - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ask thought provoking questions, assign complex topics for research. Expect hight standards from every studnet. Use native language - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔helps increase comprehension and understanding. Clarifies instructions and helps std understand what is expected. Casteneda v. Pickard - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔the court decision which established a three-part assessment for determining how bilingual education programs would be held responsible for meeting the requirements of the Equal Educational Opportunities Act of 1974. The criteria are: 1)The bilingual education program must be "based on sound educational theory." 2)The program must be "implemented effectively with resources for personnel, instructional materials, and space." 3) After a trial period, the program must be proven effective in overcoming language barriers/handicaps.
Supplemental Exam (154) Question &
Answers 2025
Title III - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Federal funding to provide supplemental resources to education agencies to help ensure LEP students attain English proficiency at high levels in academic core areas
