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Test Bank for Nursing
Pharmacology (8th Edition by
Karch) Exam Questions with
Answers
Pharmacology - Correct Answers: The study of the biologic effects of chemicals. Pharmacotherapeutics - Correct Answers: A branch of pharmacology that deals with the uses of drugs to treat, prevent, and diagnose disease. Pharmacoeconomics - Correct Answers: Includes any costs involved in drug therapy. Pharmacodynamics - Correct Answers: Involves how a drug affects the body. Pharmacokinetics - Correct Answers: How the body acts on the drug. Schedule II drugs - Correct Answers: Narcotics with a high abuse potential classified due to severe dependence liability. Phase III drug evaluation studies - Correct Answers: Involves use of a drug in a vast clinical population where patients record symptoms experienced while taking the drugs. Bioavailability - Correct Answers: The portion of a dose of a drug that reaches the systemic circulation and is available to act on body cells. Critical concentration - Correct Answers: The amount of a drug that is needed to cause a therapeutic effect. Distribution - Correct Answers: The phase of pharmacokinetics involving the movement of a drug to the body's tissues.
Half-life - Correct Answers: The time it takes for the amount of drug to decrease to half the peak level. Orphan drugs - Correct Answers: Medications that are not commonly used and may not be known by patients. Over-the-counter medications - Correct Answers: Medications that can be purchased without a prescription. Intramuscular (IM) injections - Correct Answers: A method of delivering medication directly into the muscle. Computed tomography (CT) scan - Correct Answers: A medical imaging technique used to create detailed images of internal structures. Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine - Correct Answers: A vaccine administered to protect against measles, mumps, and rubella. Narcotics - Correct Answers: Drugs that have a high potential for abuse and are used for pain relief. Chemotherapy - Correct Answers: A type of cancer treatment that uses drugs to kill cancer cells. Adverse effects - Correct Answers: Unintended and harmful effects resulting from medication use. FDA - Correct Answers: The Food and Drug Administration, responsible for protecting public health by regulating food and drug products. Drug action - Correct Answers: The effect that a drug has on the body. Drug therapy - Correct Answers: The use of drugs to treat medical conditions.
Nurse's Drug Guide - Correct Answers: Essential resource for nursing implications and teaching. Multidose Bottle Protocol - Correct Answers: Discard if label is torn or soiled. Pharmacology Study Focus - Correct Answers: Impact of drugs on body and responses. Adverse Effects - Correct Answers: Negative or unexpected reactions to medications. Post-Administration Assessment - Correct Answers: Evaluate patient for drug effects after administration. Recent Reference Source - Correct Answers: Essential for accurate and current drug information. Discharge Instructions - Correct Answers: Guidelines for safe home medication administration. Chemical Pharmacology - Correct Answers: Study of drug chemical properties and interactions. Molecular Pharmacology - Correct Answers: Examination of drug effects at molecular level. Therapeutic Effects - Correct Answers: Desired outcomes for prescribed medications. Toxic Effects - Correct Answers: Harmful effects from excessive drug dosages. Teratogenic Effects - Correct Answers: Adverse effects on fetal development from drugs. Drug Package Insert - Correct Answers: Information provided with medication detailing usage. FDA Testing - Correct Answers: Regulatory process ensuring drug safety and efficacy.
Patient Teaching - Correct Answers: Education on medication use and potential risks. Drug Monographs - Correct Answers: Detailed drug information in nursing guides. Nursing Implications - Correct Answers: Considerations for safe medication administration. Drug Concentration - Correct Answers: Amount of active ingredient in a medication. Expiration Date - Correct Answers: Date after which a drug should not be used. Patient Risk Assessment - Correct Answers: Evaluating potential risks before drug administration. Continuing Education - Correct Answers: Ongoing learning necessary for safe nursing practice. Personal contact information - Correct Answers: Information to use if the patient has questions. Thorough medication teaching - Correct Answers: Education about drugs and the drug regimen to ensure the patient knows how to take the medication and when to notify the provider. Sample size package of medication - Correct Answers: A package of medication to take home until prescription is filled. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) - Correct Answers: The organization responsible for controlling and regulating the development and sale of drugs in the United States. Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) - Correct Answers: An agency that regulates and controls the use of controlled substances.
Drug testing on women - Correct Answers: Necessary to understand how drugs may affect women differently than men. Narcotics control - Correct Answers: Determined by the DEA based on addiction risk, enforced by the FDA. Drug recall - Correct Answers: Can occur at any time if serious adverse effects are found. Patient education - Correct Answers: Essential for ensuring patients understand their medication regimen. Medication labeling - Correct Answers: Must be done by the pharmacy for home use. Informed consent - Correct Answers: Required for women participating in drug trials to understand risks. Drug market entry - Correct Answers: Allowed only after rigorous scientific testing by the FDA. Drug testing phases - Correct Answers: Include preclinical, Phase I, and Phase III, with varying levels of patient involvement. Patient monitoring - Correct Answers: Required during Phase III studies when drugs are available to prescribers. DEA number - Correct Answers: Unique identifier for prescribing controlled substances. DAW - Correct Answers: Dispense as written; no generic substitution allowed. Generic drugs - Correct Answers: Lower-cost alternatives to brand-name medications.
Phase IV study - Correct Answers: Post-marketing surveillance for drug safety and efficacy. Orphan drug - Correct Answers: Medication for rare diseases; not financially viable. OTC medications - Correct Answers: Over-the-counter drugs; available without prescription. Obstetric practitioner - Correct Answers: Healthcare provider specializing in pregnancy care. Quality control - Correct Answers: Standards ensuring drug safety and effectiveness. Drug patent - Correct Answers: Exclusive rights to produce a medication for years. Medication history - Correct Answers: Record of all medications a patient has taken. Pharmacist's role - Correct Answers: Dispense medications and provide drug information. Nursing regulations - Correct Answers: Guidelines governing nursing practice and medication administration. Medication safety - Correct Answers: Practices ensuring safe administration of drugs. Brand name - Correct Answers: Commercial name given to a drug by manufacturer. Chemical name - Correct Answers: Scientific name describing the drug's chemical structure. Cost-effectiveness - Correct Answers: Evaluation of drug's value relative to its price. Patient compliance - Correct Answers: Adherence to prescribed medication regimens.
Physician's Desk Reference (PDR) - Correct Answers: Compilation of package insert information for drugs. Cirrhosis - Correct Answers: Liver disease affecting drug metabolism. Toxic level - Correct Answers: Concentration of drug causing harmful effects. Antihypertensive drugs - Correct Answers: Medications used to lower blood pressure. Placebo effect - Correct Answers: Improvement due to belief in treatment rather than drug. Drug-drug interactions - Correct Answers: Potentially harmful effects from combined drug use. Critical concentrations - Correct Answers: Drug levels required for therapeutic effect. Dehydration effects - Correct Answers: Reduced body fluids impacting drug efficacy. Nursing considerations - Correct Answers: Factors nurses must account for in patient care. Drug metabolism - Correct Answers: Biochemical modification of drugs in the body. Drug excretion - Correct Answers: Process of eliminating drugs from the body. Warm climate effects - Correct Answers: Higher temperatures may alter drug effectiveness. Medication teaching - Correct Answers: Education provided to patients about their medications.
Noncompetitive antagonists - Correct Answers: Drugs that react with some receptor sites preventing the reaction of another chemical with a different receptor site. Drug-enzyme interactions - Correct Answers: Interfere with the enzyme systems that stimulate various chemical reactions. Agonists - Correct Answers: Drugs that produce effects similar to those produced by naturally occurring neurotransmitters, hormones, or other substances found in the body. First-pass effect - Correct Answers: Involves drugs that are absorbed from the small intestine directly into the portal venous system, which delivers the drug molecules to the liver. Dynamic equilibrium - Correct Answers: Obtained from absorption of a drug from the site of drug entry, distribution to the active site, metabolism in the liver, and excretion from the body. Selective toxicity - Correct Answers: The ability of a drug to attach only to those systems found in foreign cells. Active transport - Correct Answers: A process that uses energy to actively move a molecule across a cell membrane and is often involved in drug excretion in the kidney. Glomerular filtration - Correct Answers: The passage of water and water-soluble components from the plasma into the renal tubule. Pharmacogenomics - Correct Answers: The area of study that includes mapping of the human genome. Perfusion of blood to the subcutaneous tissue - Correct Answers: A factor that affects absorption of intramuscular (IM) administration of drugs. Environmental temperature - Correct Answers: A factor that can cause blood vessels to vasoconstrict or vasodilate, affecting absorption of IM medications.
Amoxicillin - Correct Answers: 125 mg every 6 hours, half-life 3 hours. Drug Dosage Calculation - Correct Answers: Determine remaining drug based on half-life. Protein-Binding Sites - Correct Answers: Competing drugs can alter effectiveness. Blood-Brain Barrier - Correct Answers: Severe infections can alter permeability for drugs. IV Administration - Correct Answers: Fastest route for drug absorption. Oral Administration - Correct Answers: Slower absorption compared to IV route. Drug Metabolism - Correct Answers: Primarily influenced by liver function. Drug Excretion - Correct Answers: Mainly affected by kidney function. Drug Distribution - Correct Answers: Influenced by lipid solubility and tissue perfusion. Dosage Scheduling - Correct Answers: Frequency of drug administration for effectiveness. Critical Concentration - Correct Answers: Necessary drug level for therapeutic effect. Gentamicin - Correct Answers: Antibiotic that can compete for protein binding. Fluconazole - Correct Answers: Antifungal that may alter drug effectiveness. Subcutaneous Injection - Correct Answers: Method for administering interferon beta-1a.
Drug Ionization - Correct Answers: Affects drug absorption and distribution. Diluents for IM Drugs - Correct Answers: Not influenced by dynamic equilibrium processes. Half-Life Calculation - Correct Answers: Determine remaining drug based on time elapsed. Drug Toxicity - Correct Answers: Can occur from competition for protein binding. Severe Infection - Correct Answers: Can alter blood-brain barrier for drug access. Administration Timing - Correct Answers: Important for maintaining drug levels. Drug Peak Level - Correct Answers: Maximum concentration of drug in the body. Therapeutic Effect - Correct Answers: Desired outcome of drug administration. Reduced absorption - Correct Answers: Decreased uptake of drug into the bloodstream. Gastrointestinal circulation - Correct Answers: Blood flow from GI tract to liver. Protein-drug complex - Correct Answers: Drug bound to proteins in blood for transport. Drug-laboratory test interaction - Correct Answers: Alteration of test results due to drug administration. Tetracycline - Correct Answers: Antibiotic affected by calcium and iron absorption. Cumulative effect - Correct Answers: Drug accumulation leading to potential toxicity. Tolerance - Correct Answers: Decreased response to a drug over time.
Serum solubility - Correct Answers: Ability of a drug to dissolve in blood plasma. Hypernatremia - Correct Answers: Elevated sodium levels in the blood. Hyperkalemia - Correct Answers: Elevated potassium levels in the blood. Drug effectiveness - Correct Answers: Degree to which a drug achieves its intended effect. Cross-tolerance - Correct Answers: Resistance to drugs within the same class. Superinfection - Correct Answers: Occurs with antibiotic use because the drug kills normal bacterial flora. Anaphylactic reaction - Correct Answers: An immune reaction that causes a massive release of histamine, resulting in edema and swelling that can lead to respiratory distress. Antihistamine - Correct Answers: A medication used to relieve symptoms of allergies, which can cause drowsiness as a side effect. Drug poisoning - Correct Answers: An overdose of a drug that damages more than one body system. Macrolide antibiotics - Correct Answers: Can cause severe auditory nerve damage, leading to dizziness, tinnitus, and loss of balance. Hypoglycemia - Correct Answers: Symptoms include confusion and lack of coordination due to low blood glucose levels. Adverse reaction - Correct Answers: An unintended and harmful reaction to a drug.
Drug toxicity - Correct Answers: A harmful effect resulting from the excessive dosage of a drug. Renal injury - Correct Answers: Can result from the first-pass effect when the drug is excreted from the system. Blood dyscrasia - Correct Answers: A serious condition due to drug therapy that can manifest as yellowish skin or itching. Stevens-Johnson syndrome - Correct Answers: A potentially fatal erythema multiforme exudativum characterized by dark red papules. Oliguria - Correct Answers: Urinary output below 1,000 mL per day, which can indicate hyperkalemia. Drowsiness - Correct Answers: An adverse effect of antihistamines that can impair the ability to drive or operate machinery. Tinnitus - Correct Answers: A ringing in the ears that can be caused by certain medications, such as macrolide antibiotics. Cardiovascular disease - Correct Answers: Could slow distribution of a drug, resulting in a longer half-life. Gastrointestinal disease - Correct Answers: Would not impact half-life when medication is injected directly into the bloodstream. Liver disease - Correct Answers: Could slow metabolism, resulting in an extended half-life of a drug. Kidney disease - Correct Answers: Could slow excretion and extend the drug's half-life. Drug therapy for AIDS - Correct Answers: Patients should take medications as directed to avoid poisoning from overdosage.
