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Test Bank for Nursing Pharmacology (8th Edition by Karch) Exam Questions and Answers, Exams of Pharmacology

Test Bank for Nursing Pharmacology (8th Edition by Karch) Exam Questions and Answers

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Test Bank for Nursing
Pharmacology (8th Edition by
Karch) Exam Questions with
Answers
Pharmacology - Correct Answers: The study of the biologic effects of chemicals.
Pharmacotherapeutics - Correct Answers: A branch of pharmacology that deals with the uses of drugs to
treat, prevent, and diagnose disease.
Pharmacoeconomics - Correct Answers: Includes any costs involved in drug therapy.
Pharmacodynamics - Correct Answers: Involves how a drug affects the body.
Pharmacokinetics - Correct Answers: How the body acts on the drug.
Schedule II drugs - Correct Answers: Narcotics with a high abuse potential classified due to severe
dependence liability.
Schedule I drugs - Correct Answers: Drugs with high abuse potential and no accepted medical use.
Schedule III drugs - Correct Answers: Drugs with lesser abuse potential than Schedule II and an accepted
medical use.
Schedule IV drugs - Correct Answers: Drugs with low abuse potential and limited dependence liability.
Phase III drug evaluation studies - Correct Answers: Involve use of a drug in a vast clinical population
where patients record symptoms experienced while taking the drugs.
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Test Bank for Nursing

Pharmacology (8th Edition by

Karch) Exam Questions with

Answers

Pharmacology - Correct Answers: The study of the biologic effects of chemicals. Pharmacotherapeutics - Correct Answers: A branch of pharmacology that deals with the uses of drugs to treat, prevent, and diagnose disease. Pharmacoeconomics - Correct Answers: Includes any costs involved in drug therapy. Pharmacodynamics - Correct Answers: Involves how a drug affects the body. Pharmacokinetics - Correct Answers: How the body acts on the drug. Schedule II drugs - Correct Answers: Narcotics with a high abuse potential classified due to severe dependence liability. Schedule I drugs - Correct Answers: Drugs with high abuse potential and no accepted medical use. Schedule III drugs - Correct Answers: Drugs with lesser abuse potential than Schedule II and an accepted medical use. Schedule IV drugs - Correct Answers: Drugs with low abuse potential and limited dependence liability. Phase III drug evaluation studies - Correct Answers: Involve use of a drug in a vast clinical population where patients record symptoms experienced while taking the drugs.

Bioavailability - Correct Answers: The portion of a dose of a drug that reaches the systemic circulation and is available to act on body cells. Critical concentration - Correct Answers: The amount of a drug that is needed to cause a therapeutic effect. Distribution - Correct Answers: The phase of pharmacokinetics that involves the movement of a drug to the body's tissues. Half-life - Correct Answers: The time it takes for the amount of drug to decrease to half the peak level. Over-the-counter medications - Correct Answers: Medications that patients may not consider important but should be specifically questioned about. Orphan drugs - Correct Answers: Medications that are not commonly known to patients unless they are healthcare providers. Pregnancy safety - Correct Answers: A consideration for medication use that patients may not be able to answer without reference. Current pharmacologic therapy - Correct Answers: Knowledge that nurses will require ongoing education for beyond 5 years. Narcotics - Correct Answers: Drugs that can have a high abuse potential, such as morphine. Chemotherapy - Correct Answers: The administration of drugs to treat cancer. Computed tomography (CT) scan - Correct Answers: A medical imaging technique that uses computer- processed combinations of many X-ray measurements taken from different angles. Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine - Correct Answers: A routine immunization given to children to protect against measles, mumps, and rubella.

Over-the-Counter (OTC) Drugs - Correct Answers: Medications available without prescription; can cause harm. Nurse's Drug Guide - Correct Answers: Best source for nursing implications and drug info. Torn Drug Label - Correct Answers: Priority action is to discard the bottle. Adverse Effects - Correct Answers: Negative or unexpected reactions to medications. Drug Assessment - Correct Answers: Evaluate patient for drug effects post-administration. Recent Reference Source - Correct Answers: Necessary for accurate and current drug information. Teratogenic Effects - Correct Answers: Adverse effects of drugs on fetal development. Toxic Effects - Correct Answers: Harmful effects from excessive drug dosages. Therapeutic Effects - Correct Answers: Desired outcomes from prescribed medications. Patient Discharge Planning - Correct Answers: Includes instructions for safe home medication use. Drug Monographs - Correct Answers: Detailed drug information in nursing guides. FDA Testing - Correct Answers: Regulatory process ensuring drug safety and efficacy. Drug Package Insert - Correct Answers: Contains essential drug information for healthcare providers. Nursing Implications - Correct Answers: Considerations for safe medication administration.

Drug Effects Assessment - Correct Answers: Monitoring patient responses to administered medications. Medication Familiarity - Correct Answers: Nurses often know common medications well. Drug Research - Correct Answers: Essential for understanding new and unfamiliar medications. Patient Teaching - Correct Answers: Educating patients about medication use and risks. Medication Safety - Correct Answers: Critical for preventing adverse drug events. Drug Information Sources - Correct Answers: Includes guides, references, and FDA resources. Medication Expiration Date - Correct Answers: Important label information for safe drug use. Personal contact information - Correct Answers: Information to use if the patient has questions. Thorough medication teaching - Correct Answers: Education about drugs and the drug regimen. Sample size package of medication - Correct Answers: A package of medication to take home until prescription is filled. Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) - Correct Answers: Agency that regulates and controls the use of controlled substances. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - Correct Answers: Agency that monitors and responds to infectious diseases. Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) - Correct Answers: Accrediting body that inspects acute care facilities to ensure minimum standards are met.

Monitoring patients - Correct Answers: The process of observing and checking the progress or quality of a drug's effects on patients. Risk versus benefit - Correct Answers: The evaluation of the potential positive effects of a drug against its potential negative effects. Drug recall - Correct Answers: The removal of a drug from the market due to safety concerns. Patient safety - Correct Answers: The prevention of errors and adverse effects in healthcare settings. Health care provider approval - Correct Answers: The requirement to consult a healthcare professional before taking any medication. Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) number - Correct Answers: Unique identifier for prescribing controlled substances. Dispense as written (DAW) - Correct Answers: Indicates no generic substitution allowed. Generic drugs - Correct Answers: Cost-effective alternatives to brand name medications. Brand name drugs - Correct Answers: Medications marketed under a proprietary name. Phase IV study - Correct Answers: Post-marketing surveillance for drug safety. Orphan drug - Correct Answers: Medication for rare diseases, often not profitable. Over-the-counter (OTC) medications - Correct Answers: Drugs available without a prescription. Nurse's responsibility - Correct Answers: Familiarize with local controlled substance policies.

Quality control - Correct Answers: Ensures safety and efficacy of medications. Patent expiration - Correct Answers: Time limit before generic versions can be produced. Medication history - Correct Answers: Record of patient's current and past medications. Pharmacist's role - Correct Answers: Dispense medications and provide drug information. Medication dosage - Correct Answers: Amount of drug prescribed for administration. Patient education - Correct Answers: Informing patients about safe medication use. Risk-benefit analysis - Correct Answers: Evaluating potential risks against therapeutic benefits. Controlled substance administration - Correct Answers: Regulated process of giving drugs with abuse potential. Drug classification - Correct Answers: Categorization based on effects and risks. Medication safety - Correct Answers: Ensuring safe administration and usage of drugs. Patient concerns - Correct Answers: Addressing fears about medication safety and efficacy. Medication effectiveness - Correct Answers: The ability of a drug to produce desired effects. Prescription medication - Correct Answers: Drugs that require a doctor's authorization. Drug interactions - Correct Answers: Effects when multiple drugs are taken together.

Climate Impact - Correct Answers: Warmer environments can affect drug effectiveness. Patient Compliance - Correct Answers: Adherence to prescribed medication regimens. Drug-Drug Interactions - Correct Answers: Potential adverse effects from combining medications. Critical Concentrations - Correct Answers: Desired drug levels for therapeutic effects. Agonist - Correct Answers: Substance that activates a receptor to produce a response. Cirrhosis - Correct Answers: Liver condition affecting drug metabolism. Renal Failure - Correct Answers: Kidney condition impacting drug excretion. Dizziness and Weakness - Correct Answers: Possible side effects of antihypertensive medications. Dietary Supplements - Correct Answers: Additional nutrients that can interact with medications. Drug Concentration Measurement - Correct Answers: Units/mL used to assess drug levels in blood. Pharmacist Role - Correct Answers: Consult for medication interactions and advice. Medication Teaching - Correct Answers: Educating patients on proper medication use. Nursing Considerations - Correct Answers: Factors nurses must account for in patient care. Drug Resource Books - Correct Answers: Compilations of drug information for healthcare professionals.

Medication Effectiveness - Correct Answers: The degree to which a drug achieves its intended effect. Agonists - Correct Answers: Drugs that produce effects similar to those produced by naturally occurring neurotransmitters, hormones, or other substances found in the body. Noncompetitive antagonists - Correct Answers: Drugs that react with some receptor sites preventing the reaction of another chemical with a different receptor site. Drug-enzyme interactions - Correct Answers: Interfere with the enzyme systems that stimulate various chemical reactions. First-pass effect - Correct Answers: Involves drugs that are absorbed from the small intestine directly into the portal venous system, which delivers the drug molecules to the liver. Dynamic equilibrium - Correct Answers: Obtained from absorption of a drug from the site of drug entry, distribution to the active site, metabolism in the liver, and excretion from the body. Selective toxicity - Correct Answers: The ability of a drug to attach only to those systems found in foreign cells. Active transport - Correct Answers: A process that uses energy to actively move a molecule across a cell membrane. Glomerular filtration - Correct Answers: The passage of water and water-soluble components from the plasma into the renal tubule. Pharmacogenomics - Correct Answers: The area of study that includes mapping of the human genome. Perfusion of blood to the subcutaneous tissue - Correct Answers: A factor that affects absorption of intramuscular drugs.

Blood-Brain Barrier - Correct Answers: Barrier that antibiotics must cross for CNS infections. Central Nervous System Infection - Correct Answers: Condition requiring effective antibiotic treatment. Peak Level - Correct Answers: Maximum concentration of drug in the body. Dosing Schedule - Correct Answers: Frequency of drug administration for effectiveness. Drug Excretion - Correct Answers: Elimination of drugs from the body. IV vs Oral - Correct Answers: IV is faster; oral is slower for absorption. Dosage Calculation - Correct Answers: Determining amount of drug based on half-life. Half-Life Calculation - Correct Answers: Used to determine remaining drug concentration. Severe Infection - Correct Answers: Can alter blood-brain barrier permeability. Lipid Solubility vs Water Solubility - Correct Answers: Lipid-soluble drugs cross blood-brain barrier easier. Dosage of Ropinerol - Correct Answers: 2 mg with a 12-hour half-life. Amoxicillin Dosage - Correct Answers: 125 mg every 6 hours for a child. Drug Concentration - Correct Answers: Amount of drug present in the body. Drug Administration Timing - Correct Answers: Important for maintaining therapeutic drug levels. Therapeutic Drug Levels - Correct Answers: Concentration needed for desired drug effect.

Protein-drug complex - Correct Answers: Bound form of a drug attached to blood proteins. Cumulative effect - Correct Answers: Accumulation of drug leading to toxicity over time. Tolerance - Correct Answers: Decreased response to a drug after prolonged use. Drug-laboratory test interaction - Correct Answers: Alteration of lab test results due to medication. Tetracycline - Correct Answers: Antibiotic affected by calcium and iron absorption. Drug-drug interaction - Correct Answers: Effects of one drug altered by another drug. Absorption - Correct Answers: Process of drug entering the bloodstream from administration site. Renal failure - Correct Answers: Impaired kidney function affecting drug elimination. Chronic pain management - Correct Answers: Long-term strategies for controlling persistent pain. Narcotic analgesics - Correct Answers: Medications used to relieve severe pain. Chemical reaction - Correct Answers: Interaction between substances altering their properties. Sun sensitivity - Correct Answers: Increased risk of skin reactions from medication exposure. Iron supplements - Correct Answers: Products used to treat or prevent iron deficiency. Calcium interaction - Correct Answers: Inhibition of drug absorption due to calcium presence.

Antihistamine - Correct Answers: A medication used to relieve symptoms of allergies, which can cause drowsiness. Drug poisoning - Correct Answers: An overdose of a drug that damages more than one body system. Blood dyscrasia - Correct Answers: A serious condition due to drug therapy that can manifest as yellowish skin or itching. Hyperkalemia - Correct Answers: Indicated by a potassium level higher than 5.0 mEq/L. Normal serum potassium range - Correct Answers: 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L. Oliguria - Correct Answers: Urinary output below 1,000 mL per day. Stevens-Johnson syndrome - Correct Answers: A potentially fatal erythema multiforme exudativum characterized by dark red papules. Protective measures - Correct Answers: Actions taken to prevent falling or injury in patients experiencing side effects like tinnitus. Drug compliance - Correct Answers: The extent to which a patient correctly follows medical advice regarding medication use. Vaginal itching and clear discharge - Correct Answers: Symptoms indicating a superinfection caused by antibiotic use. Statistics related to Phase III testing - Correct Answers: Information that is generally not of concern to patients regarding drug compliance or safety. Fluid intake advice for antihistamines - Correct Answers: Increase fluids to help keep nasal membranes moist.

Home care instructions - Correct Answers: Guidelines provided to family members for the care of patients experiencing side effects. Renal injury - Correct Answers: Can occur due to the first-pass effect when the drug is excreted from the system. Cost comparison of drugs - Correct Answers: The difference in price between brand name drugs and their generic forms. Drug therapy for AIDS - Correct Answers: Includes taking medications as directed to avoid poisoning and damage to multiple body systems. Prone position - Correct Answers: Keep the patient in a prone position when in bed. Salt elimination - Correct Answers: Eliminate salt from the patient's diet. Sunlight exposure monitoring - Correct Answers: Monitor exposure to sunlight. Hypoglycemia symptoms - Correct Answers: Symptoms of hypoglycemia include confusion and lack of coordination. Chloroquine ocular toxicity - Correct Answers: Chloroquine (Aralen) can cause ocular toxicity with blurring of vision, color vision changes, corneal damage, and blindness. Antihistamines and heat stroke - Correct Answers: Antihistamines can cause anticholinergic effects, which would result in decreased sweating and place the patient at high risk for heat stroke. Reduced therapeutic effect - Correct Answers: Taking too little of the medication would mean that therapeutic levels are not being reached and the drugs will be less effective at lower dosages. Secondary action of anticholinergic drugs - Correct Answers: The patient having trouble voiding is a secondary action of the anticholinergic drug.

Heat prostration prevention - Correct Answers: Avoiding the hottest part of the day helps prevent dehydration and heat prostration. Patient education on drug effects - Correct Answers: Patients need to be informed about potential adverse effects of medications. Increased urination causes - Correct Answers: Increased urination can occur with hyperglycemia due to inadequate dosage of antidiabetic medications. Auditory nerve damage - Correct Answers: Macrolide antibiotics can cause severe auditory nerve damage, leading to dizziness and loss of balance. Confusion and coordination - Correct Answers: Confusion and lack of coordination are symptoms of hypoglycemia in patients taking antidiabetic drugs. Antihistamine side effects - Correct Answers: Antihistamines can lead to anticholinergic effects such as decreased sweating. Chloroquine adverse effects - Correct Answers: Blurred vision is a reported adverse effect of chloroquine. Dermatologic reactions - Correct Answers: Skin alterations indicating underlying health issues. Electrolyte imbalances - Correct Answers: Symptoms vary by specific electrolyte involved. Anaphylaxis - Correct Answers: Severe allergic reaction to an allergen. Secondary action - Correct Answers: Negative effects occurring within therapeutic range. Anticholinergic responses - Correct Answers: Effects from drugs blocking the parasympathetic system.

Drug allergy - Correct Answers: Formation of antibodies causing immune response. Urinary retention - Correct Answers: Inability to empty bladder, often from anticholinergics. Bladder paralysis - Correct Answers: Loss of bladder control due to medication effects. Antihistamines - Correct Answers: Medications causing drowsiness; caution with machinery. Overdosage - Correct Answers: Taking more than the prescribed amount of medication. Poisoning - Correct Answers: Overdose damaging multiple body systems. Serum sickness - Correct Answers: Immune reaction to injected proteins or antiserum. Cytotoxic reaction - Correct Answers: Antibodies attack antigens on cell surfaces. Delayed reaction - Correct Answers: Allergic response occurring hours to days later. Primary action - Correct Answers: Therapeutic effect of a drug at prescribed dosage. Hypersensitivity reaction - Correct Answers: Excessive immune response to drug effects. Allergic reaction - Correct Answers: Immune response triggered by drug exposure. Erythromycin - Correct Answers: Antibiotic known to irritate stomach mucosa. Secondary actions of drugs - Correct Answers: Adverse effects not related to therapeutic action.