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An overview of System Analysis and Design, explaining what it is, its importance, and the role of a System Analyst. It covers the types of systems, the steps involved in System Analysis and Design, and the attributes and tools of a System Analyst. It also includes examples of closed-ended questions for gathering information.
Typology: Summaries
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A system is a collection of components that work together to realize specific objectives. The three (3) basic components of a system are:
Step 4: FINAL SPECIFICATIONS Specifications would state what the system would achieve. Specifications drawn up are improved for implementation.Finally SRS written would be given to user and an agreement is reached. Step 5: HARDWARE STUDY Determine Hardware and Software required to execute the application. Determine Response time, Volume of data to be processed, Frequency of reports and then pick the hardware. Step 6: SYSTEM DESIGN This stage involves Logical Design of the System, identifying Objects, Database Design, Program Specification, Implementation and Test Plan Step 7: SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION This stage includes Writing Programs (Coding), Create Database, Document System, Train Users, Trial run of the system etc. Step 8: SYSTEM EVALUATION This stage finds out from users whether the system meets specified requirements. List areas of dissatisfaction and find reasons for them. And finally suggest if there has to be any improvements to the system. Step 9: SYSTEM MODIFICATION This involves fixing errors Adding/Deleting features as required by users Tuning the System Continuously monitoring system
Assessing the performance of the system.
**4. System design
Is an expression of inquiry that invites or calls for reply. TYPE OF QUESTIONS
1. Open-ended questions (allow for much longer responses and therefore more information) e.g. What is your view on the introduction of the e-Learning system. 2. Close-ended questions (answers to closed questions can often be either right or wrong, they are usually easy to answer) e.g. Have you used the e-Learning system before?
How do you make your distribution decision? Do you think you can teach someone else to make these decisions? Are computers helpful in making decisions. Can a Computer make these decisions? What would you take to set-up decision rules so others can benefit from your experience?
Questionnaire is used when information to be gathered involve a large number of people. EXAMPLE OF A QUESTIONNAIRE: QUESTIONNAIRE OF SURVEY ABOUT THE HOSTEL’S FACILITIES AT BAYERO UNIVERSITY Which hostel do you stayed? □ SA’ADU ZUNGUR □ DANGOTE □ DANTATA □ IDRIS GARBA Please mark to your answer. SECTION A
System requirements specification is a structured collection of information that embodies the requirements of a system. It does not specify how the system will be designed. Developing SRS is most important and difficult task of a system analyst. HOW IS SRS DEVELOPED
A feasibility study is an evaluation or analysis of the potential impact of a proposed project and gathering more data’s for members of the organization. Example : After an analyst determines reasonable objectives for a project, the analyst needs to determine if it is possible for the organization and its members to see the project to completion. USEFULNESS OF FEASIBILITY
This is the measure of how the current system resources can be upgraded in order to meet the objective of the organization and its members. This feasibility is based on an outline design of system requirements in terms of: Input Processes Output Fields Programs Procedures. This can be quantified (In order to estimate whether the new system will perform adequately or not.) in terms of volumes of data, Trends Frequency of updating, etc. Technical feasibility is also carried out to determine whether the company has the capability, in terms of software, hardware, personnel and expertise, to handle the completion of the project. ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY (COST/BENEFIT ANALYSIS) This determines the benefits and savings that are expected from a candidate system and compare them with costs. “ If BENEFITS outweigh COSTS, then the decision is made to design and implement the system”. An Entrepreneur must accurately weigh the cost versus benefits before taking an action. ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY IS DIVIDED INTO TWO (2) FOR ITS EFFECTIVENESS: Cost-based study : It is important to identify cost and benefit factors, which can be categorized as follows:
workspace environment would work, an example of an operational feasibility study would follow this path based on six elements as mentioned above. SCHEDULE FEASIBILITY “Schedule feasibility is a measure of how reasonable the project timetable is. It also makes prototype model with proper time span which allot the steps and their required time duration”. A project will fail if it takes too long to be completed before it is useful. Typically this means estimating how long the system will take to develop, and if it can be completed in a given time period using some methods like payback period. Some projects are initiated with specific deadlines. A system analyst needs to determine whether the deadlines are mandatory or desirable it is an essential type of feasibility LEGAL FEASIBILITY This determines whether the proposed system conflicts with legal requirements, e.g. a data processing system must comply with the local data protection acts.
