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ITU-R TF.768-2: Recommendation for Standard Frequency and Time Signal Broadcasts, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Voice

ITU-R TF.768-2 is a recommendation by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) for the use of standard frequency and time signal broadcasts. various broadcast stations around the world that emit stable and accurate time and frequency signals, which can be useful for various applications requiring synchronization and timekeeping. The recommendation emphasizes the advantages of radio broadcasts for disseminating standard time and frequency signals, such as wide coverage, ease and reliability of reception, and wide availability of receiving equipment.

What you will learn

  • Which stations are listed in ITU-R TF.768-2 as emitting standard frequencies and time signals?
  • What is the role of the UTC time system in the ITU-R TF.768-2 recommendation?

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Rec. ITU-R TF.768-2 1
SYSTEMS FOR DISSEMINATION AND COMPARISON
RECOMMENDATION ITU-R TF.768-2
STANDARD FREQUENCIES AND TIME SIGNALS
(Question ITU-R 106/7)
(1992-1994-1995)
Rec. ITU-R TF.768-2
The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly,
considering
a) the continuing need in all parts of the world for readily available standard frequency and time reference signals
that are internationally coordinated;
b) the advantages offered by radio broadcasts of standard time and frequency signals in terms of wide coverage,
ease and reliability of reception, achievable level of accuracy as received, and the wide availability of relatively
inexpensive receiving equipment;
c) that Article 33 of the Radio Regulations (RR) is considering the coordination of the establishment and
operation of services of standard-frequency and time-signal dissemination on a worldwide basis;
d) that a number of stations are now regularly emitting standard frequencies and time signals in the bands
allocated by this Conference and that additional stations provide similar services using other frequency bands;
e) that these services operate in accordance with Recommendation ITU-R TF.460 which establishes the
internationally coordinated UTC time system;
f) that other broadcasts exist which, although designed primarily for other functions such as navigation or
communications, emit highly stabilized carrier frequencies and/or precise time signals that can be very useful in time and
frequency applications,
recommends
1that, for applications requiring stable and accurate time and frequency reference signals that are traceable to
the internationally coordinated UTC system, serious consideration be given to the use of one or more of the broadcast
services listed and described in Annex 1;
2that administrations responsible for the various broadcast services included in Annex 2 make every effort to
update the information given whenever changes occur. (Administrations are also requested to send such information to
the Bureau international des poids et mesures (BIPM).)
ANNEX 1
Characteristics of standard-frequency and time-signal emissions in allocated bands
and characteristics of stations emitting with regular schedules with
stabilized frequencies, outside of allocated bands
1The characteristics of stations appearing in the following tables are valid as of November, 1991 for Tables 1
and 2 and as of April, 1993 for Table 3. For information concerning changes which may have occurred since that date,
reference may be made to the Annual Report of the time section of the Bureau international des poids et mesures (BIPM)
or directly to the respective authority for each service as listed in Annex 1.
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Rec. ITU-R TF.768-2 1

SYSTEMS FOR DISSEMINATION AND COMPARISON

RECOMMENDATION ITU-R TF.768-

STANDARD FREQUENCIES AND TIME SIGNALS

(Question ITU-R 106/7)

Rec. ITU-R TF.768-2 (1992-1994-1995)

The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly,

considering

a)that are internationally coordinated; the continuing need in all parts of the world for readily available standard frequency and time reference signals

b)ease and reliability of reception, achievable level of accuracy as received, and the wide availability of relatively the advantages offered by radio broadcasts of standard time and frequency signals in terms of wide coverage,

inexpensive receiving equipment;

c)operation of services of standard-frequency and time-signal dissemination on a worldwide basis; that Article 33 of the Radio Regulations (RR) is considering the coordination of the establishment and

d)allocated by this Conference and that additional stations provide similar services using other frequency bands; that a number of stations are now regularly emitting standard frequencies and time signals in the bands

e)internationally coordinated UTC time system; that these services operate in accordance with Recommendation ITU-R TF.460 which establishes the

f)communications, emit highly stabilized carrier frequencies and/or precise time signals that can be very useful in time and that other broadcasts exist which, although designed primarily for other functions such as navigation or

frequency applications,

recommends

1 the internationally coordinated UTC system, serious consideration be given to the use of one or more of the broadcast that, for applications requiring stable and accurate time and frequency reference signals that are traceable to

services listed and described in Annex 1;

2 update the information given whenever changes occur. (Administrations are also requested to send such information to that administrations responsible for the various broadcast services included in Annex 2 make every effort to

the Bureau international des poids et mesures (BIPM).)

ANNEX 1

Characteristics of standard-frequency and time-signal emissions in allocated bandsand characteristics of stations emitting with regular schedules with

stabilized frequencies, outside of allocated bands

1 and 2 and as of April, 1993 for Table 3. For information concerning changes which may have occurred since that date, The characteristics of stations appearing in the following tables are valid as of November, 1991 for Tables 1

reference may be made to the Annual Report of the time section of the Bureau international des poids et mesures (BIPM)or directly to the respective authority for each service as listed in Annex 1.

Rec. ITU-R TF.768-

TABLE 1

Characteristics of standard-frequency and time-signal emissions in the allocated bands, valid as of November, 1991

Station

Type of

Carrier

Numberof simulta-

Period ofoperation

Standardfrequencies used

Duration of emission

Uncertaintyof frequencyand time

Method of DUT

Call sign

Approximatelocation

LatitudeLongitude

antenna(s)

power(kW)

neoustransmis-sions

Days/week

Hours/day

Carrier(MHz)

Modu-lation(Hz)

Time signal(min)

Audio-modulation(min)

intervals(parts in^1210

(1))^

indication

ATA

New Delhi,India

′^ N

′^ E

Horizontalfoldeddipole

8 (PEP)

1, 1^000

continuous

4/^

±^10

BPM

(3)^

Pucheng,China

′^ N

′^ E

Omni-directional

2.5,5,10,^15

1, 1^000

20/30(UTC)4/30 (UT1)

nil^

±^10

Direct emission ofUT1 time signal

HLA

Taejon, TaedokScience Town,Republicof Korea

′^ N

′^ E

Vertical(conicalmonopole)

(5)^5

(6)^7

continuous

continuous

±^10

CCIR code by doublepulse

IAM

(7)^

Roma,Italy

′^ N

′^ E

Vertical

λ/^

continuous

nil^

±^10

CCIR code by doublepulse

(7)JJY

Sanwa,Sashima,Ibaraki, Japan

′^ N

′^ E

(8)^

2.5,5,8,10,^15

(11)

continuous

±^10

CCIR code bylengthening

LOL

(7)^

Buenos Aires,Argentina

′^ S

′^ W

Horizontal3-wirefoldeddipole

continuous

3/^

±^20

CCIR code bylengthening

OMA

(7)^

Prague, Czechand SlovakFederalRepublic

′^ N

′^ E

T^

2.^

1, 1^000 (12)

4/^

±^ 1 000

Rec. ITU-R TF.768-

Notes to Table 1: The daily transmission schedule and hourly modulation schedule is given, where appropriate, in the form of Figs. 1 and 2 supplemented by the following Notes:(1)^

This value applies at the transmitter; to realize the quoted uncertainty at the point of reception it could be necessary to observe the received phase time frequency over a sufficiently long period inorder to eliminate noise and random effects. (2)^

5 MHz: 1800-0900 h UTC; 10 MHz: 24 hours; 15 MHz: 0900-1800 h UTC. (3)^

Call sign in Morse and language. (4)^

2.5 MHz: 0730-0100 h UTC; 15 MHz: 0100-0900 h UTC; 5 MHz and 10 MHz: continuous. (5)^

Monday to Friday (except national holidays in Korea). (6)^

0100 to 0800 h UTC. Pulses of 9 cycles of 1

800 Hz modulation. 59th and 29th second pulses omitted. Hour identified by 0.8 s long 1

500 Hz tone. Beginning of each minute, identified by a 0.8 s

long 1

800 Hz tone, voice announcement of hours and minutes each minute following 52nd second pulse. BCD time code given on 100 Hz sub-carrier. (7)^

These stations have indicated that they follow the UTC system as specified in Recommendation ITU-R TF.460. Since 1 January 1972 the frequency offset has been eliminated and the timesignals remain within about 0.8 s of UT1 by means of occasional 1 s steps as directed by the International Earth Rotation Service. (8)^

Vertical

λ/4 for 2.5 MHz, horizontal

λ/2 dipole for 5 and 8 MHz, and vertical

λ/2 dipoles for 10 and 15 MHz.

(9)^

Interrupted from 35 to 39 minutes of each hour. (10)^

Pulse consists of 8 cycles of 1

600 Hz tone. First pulse of each minute preceded by 655 ms of 600 Hz tone.

(11)^

1 000 Hz tone modulation between the minutes of 0-5, 10-15, 20-25, 30-35, 40-45, 50-55 except 40 ms before and after each second’s pulse. (12)^

In the period from 1800-0600 h UTC, audio-frequency modulation is replaced by time signals. (13)^

The additional information about the value of the difference UT1 – UTC is transmitted by code dUT1. It provides more precisely the difference UT1 – UTC in multiples of 0.02 s. The total value of the correction is DUT

+^ dUT1. Possible values of dUT1 are transmitted by marking of

p^ second pulses between the 21st and 24th seconds of the minute, so that dUT

=^ +^

0.02 s

×^ p. Negative

values of dUT1 are transmitted by marking of

q^ second pulses between the 31st and 34th second of the minute, so that dUT

=^ – 0.02 s

×^ q.

(14)^

Pulses of 50 cycles of 1

000 Hz tone, shortened to 5 cycles from the 55th to the 58th second; the 59th pulse is omitted; the minute marker is 500 cycles. At the 5th, 10th, 15th, etc. minutes, pulses

from the 50th to the 58th second are shortened to 5 cycles. Voice identification on 5

000 kHz between the 20th and 50th seconds in the 15th, 30th, 45th and 60th minutes. A BCD time

incorporating time of day and day number of the year is transmitted between the 20th and 46th second with a binary “0” represented by 100 cycles and a binary “1” by 200 cycles of 1

000 Hz

tone. The minute information for the next minute is given from the 21st to the 28th second, hour information from the 29th to the 35th second and day of the year from the 36th to the46th second; parity bits are included at the end of each code sequence. (15)^

As of 1 February 1977 transmissions on 25 MHz from WWV and 20 MHz from WWVH were discontinued, but may be resumed at a later date. (16)^

In addition to other timing signals and time announcements, a modified IRIG-H time code is produced at a 1-pps rate and radiated continuously on a 100 Hz sub-carrier on all frequencies. Acomplete code frame is 1 min. The 100 Hz sub-carrier is synchronous with the code pulses, so that 10 ms resolution is obtained. The code contains DUT1 values; UTC time expressed in year, dayof year, hour and minute; and status indicators relating to impending leap seconds and Daylight Saving Time. (17)^

Except for voice announcement periods and the 5 min semi-silent period each hour.

Rec. ITU-R TF.768-2 5

(1)

(2)

ATA^1000 A 1000 A 1000 A 1000 A

BPM (1)^ (1)^ (2)^ (1)^ (1)^ (2)

IAM A A A A A A A A A

JJY^1000 A 1000 A 1000 A 1000 A 1000 A 1000 A

LOL 1000 A 440 A 1000 A 440 A 1000 A 440 A 1000 A 440 A 1000 A 440 A 1000 A A

Hourly modulation schedule FIGURE 1 Form of second and minute signals:Morse and voice announcements (A). Pulse of 5 cycles of 1 000 Hz tonelengthened to 100 ms at the begin- ning of each minute. Call sign andtime (UTC) in Morse. Pulse of 10 cycles of 1 000 Hztone (UTC time signal), the first pulse300 ms pulse of 1 000 Hz tone. of every minute is a In order to avoid mutual inter-ference the second pulses of BPM precede UTC by 20 ms. 100 ms pulse of 1 000 Hz toneUT1 time signal, the first pulse ofpulse of 1 000 Hz tone. every minute is a 300 ms Pulse of 5 cycles of 1 000 Hz tone:minute pulse of 20 cycles of 1 000 Hz tone.(UTC) in Morse and voice identifi- Call sign and time cation. Pulse of 8 cycles of 1 600 Hz tone:minute pulse is preceded by a 600 Hz tone ofand time (JST) in Morse 655 ms duration. Call sign and voice. Radio propagation warnings in lettercode: N (normal), U (unstable) or W (disturbed). DUT1 is indicated, bythe number and position of the length- ened secondtion, instead of the 5 ms duration of’s pulses of 45 ms dura- the normal second’s pulse.

Pulse of 5 cycles of 1 000 Hz tone,59th pulse omitted. Call sign in Morse(UTC – 3 hours) in voice. identification and time

Hour Minutes

D

FIGURE 1...[D01] = 3 CM

Rec. ITU-R TF.768-

TABLE 2

Characteristics of standard-frequency and time-signal emissions in additional bands, valid as of November, 1991

Station

Type of

Carrier

Numberof simulta-

Period ofoperation

Standardfrequencies used

Duration of emission

Uncertaintyof frequencyand time

Method of DUT

Call sign

Approximatelocation

LatitudeLongitude

antenna(s)

power(kW)

neoustransmis-sions

Days/week

Hours/day

Carrier(MHz)

Modu-lation(Hz)

Time signal(min)

Audio-modulation(min)

intervals(parts in^1210

(1))^

indication

Allouis,France

′^ N

′^ E

Omni-directional

1 000 to 2 000

(2)^1

continuous

A3Ebroadcastcontinuously

±^2

No DUT1transmission

CHU

(3)^

Ottawa,Canada

′^ N

′^ W

Omni-directional

03 330, 07 335,^14

(4)^1

continuous

nil^

±^5

CCIR code by splitpulses

Donebach,F.R. ofGermany

′^ N

′^ E

Omni-directional

nil^

nil^

A3Ebroadcastcontinuously

±^2

DCF

(3)^

Mainflingen,F.R. ofGermany

′^ N

′^ E

Omni-directional

77.^

continuous

(6)^ continuous

(7)^

±^ 0.

No DUT1transmission

Droitwich,United Kingdom

′^ N

′^ W

T^

nil^

nil^

A3Ebroadcastcontinuously

±^20

Westerglen,United Kingdom

′^ N

′^ W

T^

nil^

nil^

A3Ebroadcastcontinuously

±^20

Burghead,United Kingdom

′^ N

′^ W

T^

nil^

nil^

A3Ebroadcastcontinuously

±^20

HBG

(9)^

Prangins,Switzerland

′^ N

′^ E

Omni-directional

continuous

nil^

±^1

No DUT1transmission

JJF

(3) JG2AS

Sanwa,Sashima,Ibaraki, Japan

′^ N

′^ E

Omni-directional

continuous^ (13)

nil^

±^10

Rec. ITU-R TF.768-

TABLE 2 (

continued

Station

Type of

Carrier

Numberof simulta-

Period ofoperation

Standardfrequencies used

Duration of emission

Uncertaintyof frequencyand time

Method of DUT

Call sign

Approximatelocation

LatitudeLongitude

antenna(s)

power(kW)

neoustransmis-sions

Days/week

Hours/day

Carrier(MHz)

Modu-lation(Hz)

Time signal(min)

Audio-modulation(min)

intervals(parts in^1210

(1))^

indication

MSF

Rugby, United Kingdom

′^ N

′^ W

Omni-directional

continuous

nil^

±^2

CCIR code by doublepulse

Milano,Italy

′^ N

′^ E

Omni-directional

nil^

nil^

A3Ebroadcastcontinuously

±^2

NAA (3) (16)^ (17)

Cutler, Maine,United States

′^ N

′^ W

Omni-directional

(5)^

(19)^

nil^

nil^

nil^

±^10

NAU (3) (16)^ (17)

Aguada,Puerto Rico

′^ N

′^ W

Omni-directional

28.^

nil^

nil^

nil^

±^10

NTD (3) (16)^ (17))

Yosami,Japan

′^ N

′^ E

Omni-directional

17.^

nil^

nil^

nil^

±^10

NLK (3) (16)^ (17)

Jim Creek,Washington,United States

′^ N

′^ W

Omni-directional

24.^

nil^

nil^

nil^

±^10

NPM (3) (16)^ (17)

Lualualei,Hawaii,United States

′^ N

′^ W

Omni-directional

23.^

nil^

nil^

nil^

±^10

NSS (3) (16)^ (17)

Annapolis,Maryland,United States

′^ N

′^ W

Omni-directional

21.^

nil^

nil^

nil^

±^10

NWC (3)^ (16)^ (17)

Exmouth,Australia

′^ S

′^ E

Omni-directional

(5)^

22.^

nil^

nil^

nil^

±^10

OMA

Podebrady,Czech andSlovak FederalRepublic

′^ N

′^ E

T^

23 hours per

(27)day

nil^

±^1

No DUT1transmission

Rec. ITU-R TF.768-

TABLE 2 (

continued

Station

Type of

Carrier

Numberof simulta-

Period ofoperation

Standardfrequencies used

Duration of emission

Uncertaintyof frequencyand time

Method of DUT

Call sign

Approximatelocation

LatitudeLongitude

antenna(s)

power(kW)

neoustransmis-sions

Days/week

Hours/day

Carrier(MHz)

Modu-lation(Hz)

Time signal(min)

Audio-modulation(min)

intervals(parts in^1210

(1))^

indication

RTZ

(3)^

Irkutsk

′^ N

′^ E

Omni-directional

6/^

nil^

±^5

CCIR code by doublepulse

(32)

RW-

Irkutsk

′^ N

′^ E

Omni-directional

nil^

A3Ebroadcastcontinuously

±^5

SAJ^

Stockholm,Sweden

′^ N

′^ E

Omni-directional

0.02(e.r.p.)

nil^

±^2

UNW

Molodechno

′^ N

′^ E

Omni-directional

–^

40 min twice per(29)day^

nil^

±^10

UPD

Arkhangelsk

′^ N

′^ E

Omni-directional

–^

40 min twice per(33)day^

nil^

±^10

UQC

Khabarovsk

′^ N

′^ E

Omni-directional

40 min 3 times per(34)day^

nil^

±^10

USB

Beshkeck

′^ N

′^ E

Omni-directional

–^

40 min 3 times per(35)day^

nil^

±^10

Rec. ITU-R TF.768-

TABLE 2 (

continued

Station

Type of

Carrier

Numberof simulta-

Period ofoperation

Standardfrequencies used

Duration of emission

Uncertaintyof frequencyand time

Method of DUT

Call sign

Approximatelocation

LatitudeLongitude

antenna(s)

power(kW)

neoustransmis-sions

Days/week

Hours/day

Carrier(MHz)

Modu-lation(Hz)

Time signal(min)

Audio-modulation(min)

intervals(parts in^1210

(1))^

indication

UTR

NizhniNovgorod

′^ N

′^ E

Omni-directional

40 min 3 times per(36)day^

nil^

±^10

VNG

Llandilo, NewSouth Wales,Australia

′^ S

′^ E

Omni-directional

2-^

(42)^

continuous

nil^

±^100

CCIR code by45 cycles of 900 Hzimmediately followingthe normal secondmarkers

WWVB

(3)^

Fort Collins,Colorado,United States

′^ N

′^ W

Top-loadedvertical

continuous

nil^

±^10

No CCIR code

EBC

San Fernando,Cadiz, Spain

′^ N

′^ W

Omni-directional

(44)^

(45)^

±^100

CCIR code by doublepulse

Notes to Table 2: (1)^

This value applies at the transmitter; to realize the quoted uncertainty at the point of reception it could be necessary to observe the received phase time frequency over a sufficiently long period inorder to eliminate noise and random effects. (2)^

Phase modulation of the carrier by

+^ and –1 radian in 0.1 s every second except the 59th second of each minute. This modulation is doubled to indicate binary 1. The numbers of the minute, hour,

day of the month, day of the week, month and year are transmitted each minute from the 21st to the 58th second, in accordance with the French legal time scale. In addition, a binary 1 at the17th second indicates that the local time is 2 hours ahead of UTC (summer time), a binary 1 at the 18th second indicates when the local time is one hour ahead of UTC (winter time); a binary 1 atthe 14th second indicates the current day is a public holiday (Christmas, 14 July, etc.), a binary 1 at the 13th second indicates that the current day is the eve of a public holiday. (3)^

These stations have indicated that they follow one of the systems referred to in Recommendation ITU-R TF.460. (4)^

Pulses of 300 cycles of 1

000 Hz tone: the first pulse in each minute is prolonged.

(5)^

Figures give the estimated radiated power.

Rec. ITU-R TF.768-

Notes to Table 2 (continued): (17)^

This station is primarily for communication purposes; while these data are subject to change, the changes are announced in advance to interested users by the US Naval Observatory,Washington, DC, USA. (18)^

From 1200 to 2000 h UTC each Sunday while NSS is off the air (until 15 July). (19)^

As of 23 January 1984, until further notice. (20)^

Became operational on 14 August 1984, 74 kW. (21)^

2300 to 0900 h UTC just first Thursday-Friday, 2300 to 0700 h UTC all other Thursday-Fridays. Half power 2200 to 0200 h UTC each Monday and Friday. (22)^

Except from 1600 to 2400 h UTC each Thursday. During Daylight Saving Time 1500 to 2300 h UTC each Thursday. (23)^

2.5 MHz: 0000-1000 h UTC; 5 MHz: 0900-0100 h UTC; 10 MHz: continuous; 15 MHz: 0100-0900 h UTC. (24)^

Off the air until 2100 h UTC on 15 July, except for 14 hours each Sunday to cover the period when NAA is off the air. (25)^

From 0000 to 0800 h, usually each Monday. (26)^

A1A telegraphy signals. (27)^

From 1000 to 1100 h UTC, transmission without keying except for call-sign OMA at the beginning of each quarter-hour. (28)^

Two types of signal are transmitted during a duty period:a)^

A1A signals with carrier frequency 25 kHz, duration 0.0125; 0.025; 0.1; 1 and 10 s with repetition periods of 0.025; 0.1; 1; 10 and 60 s respectively; b)^

N0N signals with carrier frequencies 25.0; 25.1; 25.5; 23.0; 20.5 kHz. The phases of these signals are matched with the time markers of the transmitted scale. (29)^

From 0706 to 0747 h and 1306 to 1347 h UTC normal time.From 0606 to 0647 h and 1206 to 1247 h UTC daylight time. (30)^

The standard frequencies and time signals are DXXXW type emissions and are made up of carrier sine-wave oscillations with the frequency of 66

2 /3kHz, which are interrupted for 5 ms every^

100 ms; 10 ms after an interruption the carrier oscillations are narrow-band phase-modulated for 80 ms by sine-wave signals with sub-carriers of 100 or 312.5 Hz and a modulation index of0.698. Amplitude-modulated signals with a repetition frequency of 10 Hz are used to transmit time markers. Signals with a sub-carrier of 312.5 Hz are used to indicate second and minute markers, and also “1’s” in the binary code for the transmission of time-scale information; signals with a frequency of 100 Hz are used to indicate “0’s” in the binary code. (31)^

N0N signals may be transmitted in individual cases. (32)^

The additional information about the value of the difference UT1 – UTC is transmitted by code dUT1. It provides more precisely the difference UT1 – UTC down to multiples of 0.02 s. The total value of the correction is DUT

+^ dUT1. Possible values of dUT1 are transmitted by marking of

p^ second pulses between the 21st and 24th seconds of the minute, so that dUT

=^ +^

0.02 s

×^ p.

Negative values of dUT1 are transmitted by marking of

q^ second pulses between the 31st and 34th second of the minute, so that dUT

=^ – 0.02 s

×^ q.

(33)^

From 2106 to 2147 h and 1106 to 1147 h UTC normal time.From 0206 to 0247 h and 0806 to 0847 h UTC daylight time. (34)^

From 0206 to 0247 h, 0806 to 0847 h and 1406 to 1447 h UTC normal time.From 0106 to 0147 h, 0706 to 0747 h and 1306 to 1347 h UTC daylight time.

Rec. ITU-R TF.768-

Notes to Table 2 (continued): (35)^

From 0406 to 0447 h, 1006 to 1047 h and 1606 to 1647 h UTC normal time.From 0306 to 0347 h, 0906 to 0947 h and 1506 to 1547 h UTC daylight time. (36)^

From 0506 to 0547 h and 1906 to 1947 h UTC normal time.From 0406 to 0447 h and 1806 to 1847 h UTC daylight time. (37)^

From 0906 to 0940 h and 1706 to 1740 h UTC normal time.From 2006 to 2040 h and 0806 to 0840 h UTC daylight time. (38)^

Each Monday, Wednesday and Friday. (39)^

From 0930 to 1130 h UTC. When Summer Time, add one hour to the times given. (40)^

Second pulses of 8 cycles of 1 kHz modulation during 5 min beginning at 1100 h UTC and 1125 h UTC. When Summer Time, add one hour to the instants given. (41)^

8 638 kHz and 12

984 kHz continuous; 16

000 kHz from 2200 to 1000 h UTC.

(42)^

Pulses of 50 cycles of 1

000 Hz tone, shortened to 5 cycles from the 55th to the 58th second; the 59th pulse is omitted; the minute marker is 500 cycles. At the 5th, 10th, 15th, etc. minutes, pulses

from the 50th to the 58th second are shortened to 5 cycles. Voice identification on 5

000 kHz and 16

000 kHz between the 20th and 50th seconds in the 15th, 30th, 45th and 60th minutes. Morse

identification “VNG” on 8

638 kHz and 12

984 kHz in the 15th, 30th, 45th and 60th minutes. A BCD time incorporating time of day and day number of the year is transmitted between the

20th^

and 46th second with a binary “0” represented by 100 cycles and a binary “1” by 200 cycles of 1

000 Hz tone. The minute information for the next minute is given from the 21st to the

28th second, hour information from the 29th to the 35th second and day of the year from the 36th to the 46th second; parity bits are included at the end of each code sequence. (43)^

Time code used which reduces carrier by 10 dB at the beginning of each second. The code contains information on the year, day of year, hour, minute, UT1 value and status indicators forimpending leap seconds and Daylight Saving Time. (44)^

Seconds pulses of a duration of 0.1 s, modulated at 1

000 Hz.

Minutes pulses of a duration of 0.5 s, modulated at 1

250 Hz.

(45)^

Minutes

00 to 10, 12

008 kHz, A2A. 15 to 25, 12

008 kHz, J3E. 30 to 40, 16

840 kHz, A2A. 45 to 55, 16

840 kHz, J3E.

During the minute immediately preceding each of the periods indicated, transmission of call sign in slow Morse twice.

Rec. ITU-R TF.768-

TABLE 3 (

continued

Station

Type of

Carrier

Numberof simulta-

Period ofoperation

Standardfrequencies used

Duration of emission

Uncertaintyof frequencyand time

Call sign

Approximatelocation

LatitudeLongitude

antenna(s)

power(kW)

neoustransmissions

Days/ week

Hours/day

Carrier(kHz)

Pulserepetition(μs)

Time signal

Audio-modulation

intervals(parts in 10

Loran-C

(1) (7970-Y,9980-M)

Sandur,Iceland

′^ N

′^ W

Omni-directional

(2)^

(3) 99 800

(3)

continuous

(4)^

nil^

±^1

Loran-C(7970-Z)

Jan Mayen,Norway

′^ N

′^ W

Omni-directional

(3)^

continuous

(4)^

nil^

±^1

Loran-C

(1) (5930-Z,7930-M)

Fox Harbour,Canada

′^ N

′^ W

Omni-directional

(3) 79 300

(3)^

continuous

(4)^

nil^

±^1

Loran-C(7990-M)

Sellia Marina,

Italy

′^ N

′^ E

Omni-directional

(3)^

continuous

(4)^

nil^

±^1

Loran-C(7990-X)

Lampedusa,Italy

′^ N

′^ E

Omni-directional

(3)^

continuous

(4)^

nil^

±^1

Loran-C(7990-Y)

Kargabarun,Turkey

′^ N

′^ E

Omni-directional

(3)^

continuous

(4)^

nil^

±^1

Loran-C(7990-Z)

Estartit,Spain

′^ N

′^ E

Omni-directional

(3)^

continuous

(4)^

nil^

±^1

Loran-C(8930-X)

Minami –Torishima,Japan

′^ N

′^ E

Omni-directional

(2)^

(3)^

continuous

(4)^

nil^

±^1

Loran-C

(1) (8930-Y,5970-W)

Tokatibuto,Japan

′^ N

′^ E

Omni-directional

(3) 59 700

(3)

continuous

(4)^

nil^

±^1

Loran-C

(1) (8930-W,5970-Y)

Gesashi,Japan

′^ N

′^ E

Omni-directional

(3) 59 700

(3)

continuous

(4)^

nil^

±^1

Loran-C(8930-M)

Niijima,Japan

′^ N

′^ E

Omni-directional

(2)^

(3)^

continuous

(4)^

nil^

±^1

Loran-C(9990-M)

St. Paul,Pribiloff Islands,Alaska

′^ N

′^ W

Omni-directional

(3)^

continuous

(4)^

nil^

±^1

Rec. ITU-R TF.768-

TABLE 3 (

continued

Station

Type of

Carrier

Numberof simulta-

Period ofoperation

Standardfrequencies used

Duration of emission

Uncertaintyof frequencyand time

Call sign

Approximatelocation

LatitudeLongitude

antenna(s)

power(kW)

neoustransmissions

Days/ week

Hours/day

Carrier(kHz)

Pulserepetition(μs)

Time signal

Audio-modulation

intervals(parts in 10

Loran-C(9990-X)

Attu,Alaska

′^ N

′^ E

Omni-directional

(3)^

continuous

(4)^

nil^

±^1

Loran-C

(1) (9960-M,8970-X)

Seneca, NY,United States

′^ N

′^ W

Omni-directional

(3) 89 700

(3)

continuous

(4)^

nil^

±^1

Loran-C

(1) (9960-W,5930-M)

Caribou, ME,United States

′^ N

′^ W

Omni-directional

(3) 99 600

(3)

continuous

(4)^

nil^

±^1

Loran-C

(1) (8970-W,7980-M)

Malone, FL,United States

′^ N

′^ W

Omni-directional

(3) 79 800

(3)

continuous

(4)^

nil^

±^1

Loran-C

(1) (8970-Y8290-W)

Baudette, MN,United States

′^ N

′^ W

Omni-directional

(3) 82 900

(3)

continuous

(4)^

nil^

±^1

Loran-C

(1) (7980-W9610-Z)

Grangeville,LA,United States

′^ N

′^ W

Omni-directional

(3) 96 100

(3)

continuous

(4)^

nil^

±^1

Loran-C

(1) (7980-X9610-Y)

Raymondville,

TX,

United States

′^ N

′^ W

Omni-directional

(3) 96 100

(3)

continuous

(4)^

nil^

±^1

Loran-C

(1) (9990-Y7960-Z)

Pt. Clarence,Alaska

′^ N

′^ W

Omni-directional

(2)^

(3) 79 600

(3)

continuous

(4)^

nil^

±^1

Loran-C

(1) (9990-Z,7960-X)

Narrow Cape,Alaska

′^ N

′^ W

Omni-directional

(3) 79 600

(3)

continuous

(4)^

nil^

±^1

Loran-C(7960-M)

Tok,Alaska

′^ N

′^ W

Omni-directional

(3)^

continuous

(4)^

nil^

±^1

Loran-C

(1) (7960-Y,5990-X)

Shoal Cove,Alaska

′^ N

′^ W

Omni-directional

(3) 59 900

(3)

continuous

(4)^

nil^

±^1

Rec. ITU-R TF.768-

TABLE 3 (

continued

Station

Type of

Carrier

Numberof simulta-

Period ofoperation

Standardfrequencies used

Duration of emission

Uncertaintyof frequencyand time

Call sign

Approximatelocation

LatitudeLongitude

antenna(s)

power(kW)

neoustransmissions

Days/ week

Hours/day

Carrier(kHz)

Pulserepetition(μs)

Time signal

Audio-modulation

intervals(parts in 10

Loran-C(9610-X)

Las Cruces, NM,United States

′^ N

′^ W

Omni-directional

(7)^

continuous

(4)^

nil^

±^1

Loran-C(5970-M)

Pohang,Korea

′^ N

′^ E

Omni-directional

(7)^

continuous

(4)^

nil^

±^1

Loran-C(5970-X)

Kwangju,Korea

′^ N

′^ E

Omni-directional

(7)^

continuous

(4)^

nil^

±^1

Loran-C(7950-1)

Petropavlosk,

CIS

′^ N

′^ E

Omni-directional

(7)^

continuous

(4)^

nil^

±^1

Loran-C(7950-2)

Ussuriysk,CIS

′^ N

′^ E

Omni-directional

(7)^

continuous

(4)^

nil^

±^1

Loran-C(8000-1)

Petrozavodsk,

CIS

′^ N

′^ E

Omni-directional

(7)^

continuous

(4)^

nil^

±^1

Loran-C(8000-2)

Solnim, CIS

′^ N

′^ E

Omni-directional

(7)^

continuous

(4)^

nil^

±^1

Loran-C(8000-3)

Simferopol,CIS

′^ N

′^ E

Omni-directional

(7)^

continuous

(4)^

nil^

±^1

Loran-C(6930-M)

Xindu, China

′^ N

′^ E

Omni-directional

(2)^

(7)^

continuous

(4)^

nil^

±^1

Loran-C(6930-1)

Xinhe, China

′^ N

′^ E

Omni-directional

(2)^

(7)^

continuous

(4)^

nil^

±^1

Loran-C(6930-2)

Zhangxi, China

′^ N

′^ E

Omni-directional

(2)^

(7)^

continuous

(4)^

nil^

±^1

Loran-C(7170-M)

Al Khamasin,Saudi Arabia

′^ N

′^ E

Omni-directional

(7)^

continuous

(4)^

nil^

±^1

Loran-C

(1) (7170-W,8990-V)

Salwa,Saudi Arabia

′^ N

′^ E

Omni-directional

(7) 89 900

(7)

continuous

(4)^

nil^

±^1

Rec. ITU-R TF.768-

TABLE 3 (

continued

Station

Type of

Carrier

Numberof simulta-

Period ofoperation

Standardfrequencies used

Duration of emission

Uncertaintyof frequencyand time

Call sign

Approximatelocation

LatitudeLongitude

antenna(s)

power(kW)

neoustransmissions

Days/ week

Hours/day

Carrier(kHz)

Pulserepetition(μs)

Time signal

Audio-modulation

intervals(parts in 10

Loran-C

(1) (7170-X,8990-M)

Afif,Saudi Arabia

′^ N

′^ E

Omni-directional

(7) 89 900

(7)

continuous

(4)^

nil^

±^1

Loran-C

(1) (7170-Y,8990-Y)

Al Lith,Saudi Arabia

′^ N

′^ E

Omni-directional

(7) 89 900

(7)

continuous

(4)^

nil^

±^1

Loran-C

(1) (7170-Z,8990-Z)

Al Muwassam,Saudi Arabia

′^ N

′^ E

Omni-directional

(7) 89 900

(7)

continuous

(4)^

nil^

±^1

Loran-C(8990-W)

Ar Ruqi,Saudi Arabia

′^ N

′^ E

Omni-directional

(7)^

continuous

(4)^

nil^

±^1

Loran-C(8990-X)

Ash ShaykhHumayd,Saudi Arabia

′^ N

′^ E

Omni-directional

(7)^

continuous

(4)^

nil^

±^1

Omega^ Ω/A

Aldra,Norway

′^ N

′^ E

Omni-directional

11.05-F

(12) 10.2-A^111 /-C^3 13.6-B

nil^

(12)^

nil^

±^5

Omega^ Ω/B

Monrovia,Liberia

′^ N

′^ W

Omni-directional

11.05-G

(12) 10.2-B^111 /-D^3 13.6-C

nil^

(12)^

nil^

±^1

Omega^ Ω/C

Haiku, Hawaii,United States

′^ N

′^ W

Omni-directional

11.05-H

(12) 10.2-C^111 /-E^3 13.6-D

nil^

(12)^

nil^

±^1

Omega^ Ω/D

Lamoure,North Dakota,United States

′^ N

′^ W

Omni-directional

11.05-A

(12) 10.2-D^111 /^3

-F

13.6-E

nil^

(12)^

nil^

±^1

Omega^ Ω/E

La Reunion

′^ S

′^ E

Omni-directional

11.05-B

(12) 10.2-E^111 /-G^3 13.6-F

nil^

(12)^

nil^

±^1