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ITU-R TF.768-2 is a recommendation by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) for the use of standard frequency and time signal broadcasts. various broadcast stations around the world that emit stable and accurate time and frequency signals, which can be useful for various applications requiring synchronization and timekeeping. The recommendation emphasizes the advantages of radio broadcasts for disseminating standard time and frequency signals, such as wide coverage, ease and reliability of reception, and wide availability of receiving equipment.
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Characteristics of standard-frequency and time-signal emissions in the allocated bands, valid as of November, 1991
Station
Type of
Carrier
Numberof simulta-
Period ofoperation
Standardfrequencies used
Duration of emission
Uncertaintyof frequencyand time
Method of DUT
Call sign
Approximatelocation
LatitudeLongitude
antenna(s)
power(kW)
neoustransmis-sions
Days/week
Hours/day
Carrier(MHz)
Modu-lation(Hz)
Time signal(min)
Audio-modulation(min)
intervals(parts in^1210
indication
New Delhi,India
Horizontalfoldeddipole
continuous
(3)^
Pucheng,China
Omni-directional
nil^
Direct emission ofUT1 time signal
Taejon, TaedokScience Town,Republicof Korea
Vertical(conicalmonopole)
continuous
continuous
CCIR code by doublepulse
(7)^
Roma,Italy
Vertical
λ/^
continuous
nil^
CCIR code by doublepulse
Sanwa,Sashima,Ibaraki, Japan
(8)^
(11)
continuous
CCIR code bylengthening
(7)^
Buenos Aires,Argentina
Horizontal3-wirefoldeddipole
continuous
CCIR code bylengthening
OMA
(7)^
Prague, Czechand SlovakFederalRepublic
Notes to Table 1: The daily transmission schedule and hourly modulation schedule is given, where appropriate, in the form of Figs. 1 and 2 supplemented by the following Notes:(1)^
This value applies at the transmitter; to realize the quoted uncertainty at the point of reception it could be necessary to observe the received phase time frequency over a sufficiently long period inorder to eliminate noise and random effects. (2)^
5 MHz: 1800-0900 h UTC; 10 MHz: 24 hours; 15 MHz: 0900-1800 h UTC. (3)^
Call sign in Morse and language. (4)^
2.5 MHz: 0730-0100 h UTC; 15 MHz: 0100-0900 h UTC; 5 MHz and 10 MHz: continuous. (5)^
Monday to Friday (except national holidays in Korea). (6)^
0100 to 0800 h UTC. Pulses of 9 cycles of 1
800 Hz modulation. 59th and 29th second pulses omitted. Hour identified by 0.8 s long 1
500 Hz tone. Beginning of each minute, identified by a 0.8 s
long 1
800 Hz tone, voice announcement of hours and minutes each minute following 52nd second pulse. BCD time code given on 100 Hz sub-carrier. (7)^
These stations have indicated that they follow the UTC system as specified in Recommendation ITU-R TF.460. Since 1 January 1972 the frequency offset has been eliminated and the timesignals remain within about 0.8 s of UT1 by means of occasional 1 s steps as directed by the International Earth Rotation Service. (8)^
Vertical
λ/4 for 2.5 MHz, horizontal
λ/2 dipole for 5 and 8 MHz, and vertical
λ/2 dipoles for 10 and 15 MHz.
(9)^
Interrupted from 35 to 39 minutes of each hour. (10)^
Pulse consists of 8 cycles of 1
600 Hz tone. First pulse of each minute preceded by 655 ms of 600 Hz tone.
(11)^
1 000 Hz tone modulation between the minutes of 0-5, 10-15, 20-25, 30-35, 40-45, 50-55 except 40 ms before and after each second’s pulse. (12)^
In the period from 1800-0600 h UTC, audio-frequency modulation is replaced by time signals. (13)^
The additional information about the value of the difference UT1 – UTC is transmitted by code dUT1. It provides more precisely the difference UT1 – UTC in multiples of 0.02 s. The total value of the correction is DUT
+^ dUT1. Possible values of dUT1 are transmitted by marking of
p^ second pulses between the 21st and 24th seconds of the minute, so that dUT
0.02 s
×^ p. Negative
values of dUT1 are transmitted by marking of
q^ second pulses between the 31st and 34th second of the minute, so that dUT
=^ – 0.02 s
×^ q.
(14)^
Pulses of 50 cycles of 1
000 Hz tone, shortened to 5 cycles from the 55th to the 58th second; the 59th pulse is omitted; the minute marker is 500 cycles. At the 5th, 10th, 15th, etc. minutes, pulses
from the 50th to the 58th second are shortened to 5 cycles. Voice identification on 5
000 kHz between the 20th and 50th seconds in the 15th, 30th, 45th and 60th minutes. A BCD time
incorporating time of day and day number of the year is transmitted between the 20th and 46th second with a binary “0” represented by 100 cycles and a binary “1” by 200 cycles of 1
000 Hz
tone. The minute information for the next minute is given from the 21st to the 28th second, hour information from the 29th to the 35th second and day of the year from the 36th to the46th second; parity bits are included at the end of each code sequence. (15)^
As of 1 February 1977 transmissions on 25 MHz from WWV and 20 MHz from WWVH were discontinued, but may be resumed at a later date. (16)^
In addition to other timing signals and time announcements, a modified IRIG-H time code is produced at a 1-pps rate and radiated continuously on a 100 Hz sub-carrier on all frequencies. Acomplete code frame is 1 min. The 100 Hz sub-carrier is synchronous with the code pulses, so that 10 ms resolution is obtained. The code contains DUT1 values; UTC time expressed in year, dayof year, hour and minute; and status indicators relating to impending leap seconds and Daylight Saving Time. (17)^
Except for voice announcement periods and the 5 min semi-silent period each hour.
(1)
(2)
Hourly modulation schedule FIGURE 1 Form of second and minute signals:Morse and voice announcements (A). Pulse of 5 cycles of 1 000 Hz tonelengthened to 100 ms at the begin- ning of each minute. Call sign andtime (UTC) in Morse. Pulse of 10 cycles of 1 000 Hztone (UTC time signal), the first pulse300 ms pulse of 1 000 Hz tone. of every minute is a In order to avoid mutual inter-ference the second pulses of BPM precede UTC by 20 ms. 100 ms pulse of 1 000 Hz toneUT1 time signal, the first pulse ofpulse of 1 000 Hz tone. every minute is a 300 ms Pulse of 5 cycles of 1 000 Hz tone:minute pulse of 20 cycles of 1 000 Hz tone.(UTC) in Morse and voice identifi- Call sign and time cation. Pulse of 8 cycles of 1 600 Hz tone:minute pulse is preceded by a 600 Hz tone ofand time (JST) in Morse 655 ms duration. Call sign and voice. Radio propagation warnings in lettercode: N (normal), U (unstable) or W (disturbed). DUT1 is indicated, bythe number and position of the length- ened secondtion, instead of the 5 ms duration of’s pulses of 45 ms dura- the normal second’s pulse.
Pulse of 5 cycles of 1 000 Hz tone,59th pulse omitted. Call sign in Morse(UTC – 3 hours) in voice. identification and time
Hour Minutes
D
Characteristics of standard-frequency and time-signal emissions in additional bands, valid as of November, 1991
Station
Type of
Carrier
Numberof simulta-
Period ofoperation
Standardfrequencies used
Duration of emission
Uncertaintyof frequencyand time
Method of DUT
Call sign
Approximatelocation
LatitudeLongitude
antenna(s)
power(kW)
neoustransmis-sions
Days/week
Hours/day
Carrier(MHz)
Modu-lation(Hz)
Time signal(min)
Audio-modulation(min)
intervals(parts in^1210
indication
Allouis,France
Omni-directional
1 000 to 2 000
continuous
A3Ebroadcastcontinuously
No DUT1transmission
(3)^
Ottawa,Canada
Omni-directional
continuous
nil^
CCIR code by splitpulses
Donebach,F.R. ofGermany
Omni-directional
nil^
nil^
A3Ebroadcastcontinuously
(3)^
Mainflingen,F.R. ofGermany
Omni-directional
continuous
(6)^ continuous
(7)^
No DUT1transmission
Droitwich,United Kingdom
nil^
nil^
A3Ebroadcastcontinuously
Westerglen,United Kingdom
nil^
nil^
A3Ebroadcastcontinuously
Burghead,United Kingdom
nil^
nil^
A3Ebroadcastcontinuously
(9)^
Prangins,Switzerland
Omni-directional
continuous
nil^
No DUT1transmission
(3) JG2AS
Sanwa,Sashima,Ibaraki, Japan
Omni-directional
continuous^ (13)
nil^
continued
Station
Type of
Carrier
Numberof simulta-
Period ofoperation
Standardfrequencies used
Duration of emission
Uncertaintyof frequencyand time
Method of DUT
Call sign
Approximatelocation
LatitudeLongitude
antenna(s)
power(kW)
neoustransmis-sions
Days/week
Hours/day
Carrier(MHz)
Modu-lation(Hz)
Time signal(min)
Audio-modulation(min)
intervals(parts in^1210
indication
Rugby, United Kingdom
Omni-directional
continuous
nil^
CCIR code by doublepulse
Milano,Italy
Omni-directional
nil^
nil^
A3Ebroadcastcontinuously
Cutler, Maine,United States
Omni-directional
(5)^
(19)^
nil^
nil^
nil^
Aguada,Puerto Rico
Omni-directional
nil^
nil^
nil^
Yosami,Japan
Omni-directional
nil^
nil^
nil^
Jim Creek,Washington,United States
Omni-directional
nil^
nil^
nil^
Lualualei,Hawaii,United States
Omni-directional
nil^
nil^
nil^
Annapolis,Maryland,United States
Omni-directional
nil^
nil^
nil^
Exmouth,Australia
Omni-directional
(5)^
nil^
nil^
nil^
Podebrady,Czech andSlovak FederalRepublic
23 hours per
(27)day
nil^
No DUT1transmission
continued
Station
Type of
Carrier
Numberof simulta-
Period ofoperation
Standardfrequencies used
Duration of emission
Uncertaintyof frequencyand time
Method of DUT
Call sign
Approximatelocation
LatitudeLongitude
antenna(s)
power(kW)
neoustransmis-sions
Days/week
Hours/day
Carrier(MHz)
Modu-lation(Hz)
Time signal(min)
Audio-modulation(min)
intervals(parts in^1210
indication
(3)^
Irkutsk
Omni-directional
nil^
CCIR code by doublepulse
(32)
Irkutsk
Omni-directional
nil^
A3Ebroadcastcontinuously
Stockholm,Sweden
Omni-directional
0.02(e.r.p.)
nil^
Molodechno
Omni-directional
40 min twice per(29)day^
nil^
Arkhangelsk
Omni-directional
40 min twice per(33)day^
nil^
Khabarovsk
Omni-directional
40 min 3 times per(34)day^
nil^
Beshkeck
Omni-directional
40 min 3 times per(35)day^
nil^
continued
Station
Type of
Carrier
Numberof simulta-
Period ofoperation
Standardfrequencies used
Duration of emission
Uncertaintyof frequencyand time
Method of DUT
Call sign
Approximatelocation
LatitudeLongitude
antenna(s)
power(kW)
neoustransmis-sions
Days/week
Hours/day
Carrier(MHz)
Modu-lation(Hz)
Time signal(min)
Audio-modulation(min)
intervals(parts in^1210
indication
NizhniNovgorod
Omni-directional
40 min 3 times per(36)day^
nil^
Llandilo, NewSouth Wales,Australia
Omni-directional
(42)^
continuous
nil^
CCIR code by45 cycles of 900 Hzimmediately followingthe normal secondmarkers
(3)^
Fort Collins,Colorado,United States
Top-loadedvertical
continuous
nil^
No CCIR code
San Fernando,Cadiz, Spain
Omni-directional
(44)^
(45)^
CCIR code by doublepulse
Notes to Table 2: (1)^
This value applies at the transmitter; to realize the quoted uncertainty at the point of reception it could be necessary to observe the received phase time frequency over a sufficiently long period inorder to eliminate noise and random effects. (2)^
Phase modulation of the carrier by
+^ and –1 radian in 0.1 s every second except the 59th second of each minute. This modulation is doubled to indicate binary 1. The numbers of the minute, hour,
day of the month, day of the week, month and year are transmitted each minute from the 21st to the 58th second, in accordance with the French legal time scale. In addition, a binary 1 at the17th second indicates that the local time is 2 hours ahead of UTC (summer time), a binary 1 at the 18th second indicates when the local time is one hour ahead of UTC (winter time); a binary 1 atthe 14th second indicates the current day is a public holiday (Christmas, 14 July, etc.), a binary 1 at the 13th second indicates that the current day is the eve of a public holiday. (3)^
These stations have indicated that they follow one of the systems referred to in Recommendation ITU-R TF.460. (4)^
Pulses of 300 cycles of 1
000 Hz tone: the first pulse in each minute is prolonged.
(5)^
Figures give the estimated radiated power.
Notes to Table 2 (continued): (17)^
This station is primarily for communication purposes; while these data are subject to change, the changes are announced in advance to interested users by the US Naval Observatory,Washington, DC, USA. (18)^
From 1200 to 2000 h UTC each Sunday while NSS is off the air (until 15 July). (19)^
As of 23 January 1984, until further notice. (20)^
Became operational on 14 August 1984, 74 kW. (21)^
2300 to 0900 h UTC just first Thursday-Friday, 2300 to 0700 h UTC all other Thursday-Fridays. Half power 2200 to 0200 h UTC each Monday and Friday. (22)^
Except from 1600 to 2400 h UTC each Thursday. During Daylight Saving Time 1500 to 2300 h UTC each Thursday. (23)^
2.5 MHz: 0000-1000 h UTC; 5 MHz: 0900-0100 h UTC; 10 MHz: continuous; 15 MHz: 0100-0900 h UTC. (24)^
Off the air until 2100 h UTC on 15 July, except for 14 hours each Sunday to cover the period when NAA is off the air. (25)^
From 0000 to 0800 h, usually each Monday. (26)^
A1A telegraphy signals. (27)^
From 1000 to 1100 h UTC, transmission without keying except for call-sign OMA at the beginning of each quarter-hour. (28)^
Two types of signal are transmitted during a duty period:a)^
A1A signals with carrier frequency 25 kHz, duration 0.0125; 0.025; 0.1; 1 and 10 s with repetition periods of 0.025; 0.1; 1; 10 and 60 s respectively; b)^
N0N signals with carrier frequencies 25.0; 25.1; 25.5; 23.0; 20.5 kHz. The phases of these signals are matched with the time markers of the transmitted scale. (29)^
From 0706 to 0747 h and 1306 to 1347 h UTC normal time.From 0606 to 0647 h and 1206 to 1247 h UTC daylight time. (30)^
The standard frequencies and time signals are DXXXW type emissions and are made up of carrier sine-wave oscillations with the frequency of 66
2 /3kHz, which are interrupted for 5 ms every^
100 ms; 10 ms after an interruption the carrier oscillations are narrow-band phase-modulated for 80 ms by sine-wave signals with sub-carriers of 100 or 312.5 Hz and a modulation index of0.698. Amplitude-modulated signals with a repetition frequency of 10 Hz are used to transmit time markers. Signals with a sub-carrier of 312.5 Hz are used to indicate second and minute markers, and also “1’s” in the binary code for the transmission of time-scale information; signals with a frequency of 100 Hz are used to indicate “0’s” in the binary code. (31)^
N0N signals may be transmitted in individual cases. (32)^
The additional information about the value of the difference UT1 – UTC is transmitted by code dUT1. It provides more precisely the difference UT1 – UTC down to multiples of 0.02 s. The total value of the correction is DUT
+^ dUT1. Possible values of dUT1 are transmitted by marking of
p^ second pulses between the 21st and 24th seconds of the minute, so that dUT
0.02 s
×^ p.
Negative values of dUT1 are transmitted by marking of
q^ second pulses between the 31st and 34th second of the minute, so that dUT
=^ – 0.02 s
×^ q.
(33)^
From 2106 to 2147 h and 1106 to 1147 h UTC normal time.From 0206 to 0247 h and 0806 to 0847 h UTC daylight time. (34)^
From 0206 to 0247 h, 0806 to 0847 h and 1406 to 1447 h UTC normal time.From 0106 to 0147 h, 0706 to 0747 h and 1306 to 1347 h UTC daylight time.
Notes to Table 2 (continued): (35)^
From 0406 to 0447 h, 1006 to 1047 h and 1606 to 1647 h UTC normal time.From 0306 to 0347 h, 0906 to 0947 h and 1506 to 1547 h UTC daylight time. (36)^
From 0506 to 0547 h and 1906 to 1947 h UTC normal time.From 0406 to 0447 h and 1806 to 1847 h UTC daylight time. (37)^
From 0906 to 0940 h and 1706 to 1740 h UTC normal time.From 2006 to 2040 h and 0806 to 0840 h UTC daylight time. (38)^
Each Monday, Wednesday and Friday. (39)^
From 0930 to 1130 h UTC. When Summer Time, add one hour to the times given. (40)^
Second pulses of 8 cycles of 1 kHz modulation during 5 min beginning at 1100 h UTC and 1125 h UTC. When Summer Time, add one hour to the instants given. (41)^
8 638 kHz and 12
984 kHz continuous; 16
000 kHz from 2200 to 1000 h UTC.
(42)^
Pulses of 50 cycles of 1
000 Hz tone, shortened to 5 cycles from the 55th to the 58th second; the 59th pulse is omitted; the minute marker is 500 cycles. At the 5th, 10th, 15th, etc. minutes, pulses
from the 50th to the 58th second are shortened to 5 cycles. Voice identification on 5
000 kHz and 16
000 kHz between the 20th and 50th seconds in the 15th, 30th, 45th and 60th minutes. Morse
identification “VNG” on 8
638 kHz and 12
984 kHz in the 15th, 30th, 45th and 60th minutes. A BCD time incorporating time of day and day number of the year is transmitted between the
20th^
and 46th second with a binary “0” represented by 100 cycles and a binary “1” by 200 cycles of 1
000 Hz tone. The minute information for the next minute is given from the 21st to the
28th second, hour information from the 29th to the 35th second and day of the year from the 36th to the 46th second; parity bits are included at the end of each code sequence. (43)^
Time code used which reduces carrier by 10 dB at the beginning of each second. The code contains information on the year, day of year, hour, minute, UT1 value and status indicators forimpending leap seconds and Daylight Saving Time. (44)^
Seconds pulses of a duration of 0.1 s, modulated at 1
000 Hz.
Minutes pulses of a duration of 0.5 s, modulated at 1
250 Hz.
(45)^
Minutes
00 to 10, 12
008 kHz, A2A. 15 to 25, 12
008 kHz, J3E. 30 to 40, 16
840 kHz, A2A. 45 to 55, 16
840 kHz, J3E.
During the minute immediately preceding each of the periods indicated, transmission of call sign in slow Morse twice.
continued
Station
Type of
Carrier
Numberof simulta-
Period ofoperation
Standardfrequencies used
Duration of emission
Uncertaintyof frequencyand time
Call sign
Approximatelocation
LatitudeLongitude
antenna(s)
power(kW)
neoustransmissions
Days/ week
Hours/day
Carrier(kHz)
Pulserepetition(μs)
Time signal
Audio-modulation
intervals(parts in 10
Loran-C
(1) (7970-Y,9980-M)
Sandur,Iceland
Omni-directional
(2)^
(3) 99 800
(3)
continuous
(4)^
nil^
Loran-C(7970-Z)
Jan Mayen,Norway
Omni-directional
(3)^
continuous
(4)^
nil^
Loran-C
(1) (5930-Z,7930-M)
Fox Harbour,Canada
Omni-directional
(3) 79 300
(3)^
continuous
(4)^
nil^
Loran-C(7990-M)
Sellia Marina,
Italy
Omni-directional
(3)^
continuous
(4)^
nil^
Loran-C(7990-X)
Lampedusa,Italy
Omni-directional
(3)^
continuous
(4)^
nil^
Loran-C(7990-Y)
Kargabarun,Turkey
Omni-directional
(3)^
continuous
(4)^
nil^
Loran-C(7990-Z)
Estartit,Spain
Omni-directional
(3)^
continuous
(4)^
nil^
Loran-C(8930-X)
Minami –Torishima,Japan
Omni-directional
(2)^
(3)^
continuous
(4)^
nil^
Loran-C
(1) (8930-Y,5970-W)
Tokatibuto,Japan
Omni-directional
(3) 59 700
(3)
continuous
(4)^
nil^
Loran-C
(1) (8930-W,5970-Y)
Gesashi,Japan
Omni-directional
(3) 59 700
(3)
continuous
(4)^
nil^
Loran-C(8930-M)
Niijima,Japan
Omni-directional
(2)^
(3)^
continuous
(4)^
nil^
Loran-C(9990-M)
St. Paul,Pribiloff Islands,Alaska
Omni-directional
(3)^
continuous
(4)^
nil^
continued
Station
Type of
Carrier
Numberof simulta-
Period ofoperation
Standardfrequencies used
Duration of emission
Uncertaintyof frequencyand time
Call sign
Approximatelocation
LatitudeLongitude
antenna(s)
power(kW)
neoustransmissions
Days/ week
Hours/day
Carrier(kHz)
Pulserepetition(μs)
Time signal
Audio-modulation
intervals(parts in 10
Loran-C(9990-X)
Attu,Alaska
Omni-directional
(3)^
continuous
(4)^
nil^
Loran-C
(1) (9960-M,8970-X)
Seneca, NY,United States
Omni-directional
(3) 89 700
(3)
continuous
(4)^
nil^
Loran-C
(1) (9960-W,5930-M)
Caribou, ME,United States
Omni-directional
(3) 99 600
(3)
continuous
(4)^
nil^
Loran-C
(1) (8970-W,7980-M)
Malone, FL,United States
Omni-directional
(3) 79 800
(3)
continuous
(4)^
nil^
Loran-C
(1) (8970-Y8290-W)
Baudette, MN,United States
Omni-directional
(3) 82 900
(3)
continuous
(4)^
nil^
Loran-C
(1) (7980-W9610-Z)
Grangeville,LA,United States
Omni-directional
(3) 96 100
(3)
continuous
(4)^
nil^
Loran-C
(1) (7980-X9610-Y)
Raymondville,
United States
Omni-directional
(3) 96 100
(3)
continuous
(4)^
nil^
Loran-C
(1) (9990-Y7960-Z)
Pt. Clarence,Alaska
Omni-directional
(2)^
(3) 79 600
(3)
continuous
(4)^
nil^
Loran-C
(1) (9990-Z,7960-X)
Narrow Cape,Alaska
Omni-directional
(3) 79 600
(3)
continuous
(4)^
nil^
Loran-C(7960-M)
Tok,Alaska
Omni-directional
(3)^
continuous
(4)^
nil^
Loran-C
(1) (7960-Y,5990-X)
Shoal Cove,Alaska
Omni-directional
(3) 59 900
(3)
continuous
(4)^
nil^
continued
Station
Type of
Carrier
Numberof simulta-
Period ofoperation
Standardfrequencies used
Duration of emission
Uncertaintyof frequencyand time
Call sign
Approximatelocation
LatitudeLongitude
antenna(s)
power(kW)
neoustransmissions
Days/ week
Hours/day
Carrier(kHz)
Pulserepetition(μs)
Time signal
Audio-modulation
intervals(parts in 10
Loran-C(9610-X)
Las Cruces, NM,United States
Omni-directional
(7)^
continuous
(4)^
nil^
Loran-C(5970-M)
Pohang,Korea
Omni-directional
(7)^
continuous
(4)^
nil^
Loran-C(5970-X)
Kwangju,Korea
Omni-directional
(7)^
continuous
(4)^
nil^
Loran-C(7950-1)
Petropavlosk,
Omni-directional
(7)^
continuous
(4)^
nil^
Loran-C(7950-2)
Ussuriysk,CIS
Omni-directional
(7)^
continuous
(4)^
nil^
Loran-C(8000-1)
Petrozavodsk,
Omni-directional
(7)^
continuous
(4)^
nil^
Loran-C(8000-2)
Solnim, CIS
Omni-directional
(7)^
continuous
(4)^
nil^
Loran-C(8000-3)
Simferopol,CIS
Omni-directional
(7)^
continuous
(4)^
nil^
Loran-C(6930-M)
Xindu, China
Omni-directional
(2)^
(7)^
continuous
(4)^
nil^
Loran-C(6930-1)
Xinhe, China
Omni-directional
(2)^
(7)^
continuous
(4)^
nil^
Loran-C(6930-2)
Zhangxi, China
Omni-directional
(2)^
(7)^
continuous
(4)^
nil^
Loran-C(7170-M)
Al Khamasin,Saudi Arabia
Omni-directional
(7)^
continuous
(4)^
nil^
Loran-C
(1) (7170-W,8990-V)
Salwa,Saudi Arabia
Omni-directional
(7) 89 900
(7)
continuous
(4)^
nil^
continued
Station
Type of
Carrier
Numberof simulta-
Period ofoperation
Standardfrequencies used
Duration of emission
Uncertaintyof frequencyand time
Call sign
Approximatelocation
LatitudeLongitude
antenna(s)
power(kW)
neoustransmissions
Days/ week
Hours/day
Carrier(kHz)
Pulserepetition(μs)
Time signal
Audio-modulation
intervals(parts in 10
Loran-C
(1) (7170-X,8990-M)
Afif,Saudi Arabia
Omni-directional
(7) 89 900
(7)
continuous
(4)^
nil^
Loran-C
(1) (7170-Y,8990-Y)
Al Lith,Saudi Arabia
Omni-directional
(7) 89 900
(7)
continuous
(4)^
nil^
Loran-C
(1) (7170-Z,8990-Z)
Al Muwassam,Saudi Arabia
Omni-directional
(7) 89 900
(7)
continuous
(4)^
nil^
Loran-C(8990-W)
Ar Ruqi,Saudi Arabia
Omni-directional
(7)^
continuous
(4)^
nil^
Loran-C(8990-X)
Ash ShaykhHumayd,Saudi Arabia
Omni-directional
(7)^
continuous
(4)^
nil^
Omega^ Ω/A
Aldra,Norway
Omni-directional
(12) 10.2-A^111 /-C^3 13.6-B
nil^
(12)^
nil^
Omega^ Ω/B
Monrovia,Liberia
Omni-directional
(12) 10.2-B^111 /-D^3 13.6-C
nil^
(12)^
nil^
Omega^ Ω/C
Haiku, Hawaii,United States
Omni-directional
(12) 10.2-C^111 /-E^3 13.6-D
nil^
(12)^
nil^
Omega^ Ω/D
Lamoure,North Dakota,United States
Omni-directional
(12) 10.2-D^111 /^3
nil^
(12)^
nil^
Omega^ Ω/E
La Reunion
Omni-directional
(12) 10.2-E^111 /-G^3 13.6-F
nil^
(12)^
nil^