Staircase, its types and materials, Study notes of Interior Design

Download Staircase, its types and materials and more Study notes Interior Design in PDF only on Docsity!

STAIRCASE

STAIRCASE

A stairway, staircase, stairwell, flight of stairs, or simply stairs, is a construction designed to bridge a

large vertical distance by dividing it into smaller vertical distances, called steps. Stairs may be straight,

round, or may consist of two or more straight pieces connected at angles. A stair flight is a run of stairs or

steps between landings. A staircase or stairway is one or more flights of stairs leading from one floor to

another, and includes landings, handrails, balustrades and additional parts.

➢ Tread: The part of the stairway that is stepped on. It is constructed to the same specifications

(thickness) as any other flooring. The tread "depth" is measured from the back of one tread to the

back of the next. The "width" is measured from one side to the other.

➢ Riser: The vertical portion between each tread on the stair.

➢ Nosing: An edge part of the tread that protrudes over the riser beneath. If it is present, this means

that, measured horizontally, the total "run" length of the stairs is not simply the sum of the tread

lengths, as the treads overlap each other.

➢ Flight: It is an series of all stairs.

➢ Landings: A landing is the area of a floor near the top or bottom step of a stair. Platform area between

two flights.

➢ Railing: The angled member for handholding. It provides support while walking on the staircase.

1. Straight Staircase:

• A straight staircase can be defined as one having a single, straight flight of stairs like a ladder that connects two levels or floors.
• Straight stairs are stairs without any changes in direction. They are certainly one of the most common types of stairs found in both residential and commercial areas.
• A straight staircase is the most affordable to build.
• The sizes for a straight staircase should be, Riser 0. 12 / 0. 18 m & tread between 0. 28 / 0. 35 m.
• Material: Wood is the most traditional staircase material & affordable. wood is strong and easy to work with and provides an element of warmth in the home. Stone, marble, granite can also be used.
• Costing: around 1. 5 lakhs.
• Maintenance: Start by sweeping off the dust by a dust mop or broom. Then slightly dampen your mop with plain water and wipe the stairs. With a soft rag, immediately dry up the stairs to avoid water absorption into the wood. Types of Staircase :

2. Dog-legged Staircase:

• The dog-legged staircase is so named because the slope of the staircase is similar to the dog's leg. When the available space is equal to twice the width of the stairs, the dog- legged staircase is used.
• Doglegged stair case is the most economical staircase. It is the common type of stairs arranged with two adjacent flights running parallel with a mid landing.
• From the design point of view, the advantage of this staircase lies in its compact layout and better circulation.
• Riser can be 150 mm & Tread can be 250 mm to 300 mm according to the building like hospital, school, residential building etc.
• Material: Marble, Steel(residential), Stone (Commercial).
• Dog Legged Staircase Rs 750. 00 - 1000. 00 Feet.
• Maintenance: Sweeping off by a dust mop or broom. Wipe the stairs with mop.

4. U-shaped Staircase:

• U shaped stairs are essentially two parallel flights of straight stairs joined by a mid-landing that creates a 180 - degree turn in the walk line.
• U shaped stairs can be easier to fit into an architectural plan. they offer some architectural interest.
• The landing can offer a resting point partway up the stairs but these types of stairs are a bit more difficult to build than simpler stair types.
• Sizes: Riser: 150 mm & Tread: 250 mm to 300 mm.
• Concrete is the commonly used material to construct a staircase. A plus point of using it is that it conveniently takes the shape you desire for your stairs.
• Costing: starts from 3 , 900 to 4 , 000 /- feet.
• Commonly used in commercial areas and its maintenance is easy.

5. Winder Staircase:

• Winder stairs are a variation of an L shaped stair but instead of a flat landing, they have pie-shaped or triangular steps at the corner transition.
• They are used to change the direction of the stairs without landings. A series of winders form a circular or spiral stairway. When three steps are used to turn a 90 ° corner, the middle step is called a kite winder.
• The main advantage of winder stairs is that they require less space than many other types of stairs.
• They are common in homes where the grand staircase is in the entryway.
• Sizes: 150 mm & Tread: 250 mm to 300 mm.
• Material: These stairs be made of Steel, Wood or Marble.
• Winders are custom made stair treads, they will cost more than U & L shaped stairs.

7. Curved Staircase:

• Like spiral stairs, curved stairs follow a helical arc. However, they tend to have a much larger radius and typically do not make a full circle.
• Curved stairs add elegance to any home. For this reason, they are almost always located at the entry where they make the best first impression but they are the most costly to build.
• They are relatively easy to walk up if the radius is large.
• Material: They can be built of Concrete, Metal or Wood.
• Cost: Curved staircases start at about 9 , 000 /- and go well over 100 , 000 /- due to custom materials & styles.
• Maintenance: Ensure the staircase is cleaned as a standard part of household cleaning, weekly is ideal. In particular the hand rails, treads and balusters should be cleaned.

8. Ladder Staircase:

• Ladders, like stairs, can serve as a means of access. However, building codes do not allow ladders to serve as a primary means of access.
• Ladders are the most compact way to get from one floor to another & they are very cost effective due to their simple design.
• They can be used to access shelves that would be too high to reach normally.
• They are rarely used & Smaller in size than other staircases.
• Material: Usually they are of wood.
• Costing: Starting from 1000 /- to 6000 /-.

10. Floating Staircase:

• Floating stairs, also known as cantilever stairs, are characterized by a design where there are no supports between treads, giving the illusion that they have floating steps.
• Often the weight of the treads of a floating staircase is distributed by fixing the visible end to a handrail or glass balustrading.
• It is for this reason that floating staircases are popular in homes where there is a desire to create a real wow-factor.
• Cost: somewhere between 10 , 000 /- and 35 , 000 /-.
• The step rise should be a minimum of 4 inches and a maximum of 7 inches. The step depth should be a minimum of 11 inches on commercial applications.
• Popular materials used in floating stairs design include concrete, steel, timber and particularly glass, so the staircase's floating steps are fully visible.

11. Space-saving Staircase:

• A Space Saver Staircase is a Compact Staircase that has alternating treads allowing you to get up a flight of stairs in approximately half the going distance of a normal flight of stairs. Very popular for Loft conversions where space is of a premium.
• To save your space & to use the space under staircase for other purpose like seen in this picture.
• This type of staircase is used less space houses.
• Their size would lesser than other staircase so only one person can walk at a time.
• They are usually made of wood with small railing.
• Costing: Starting from 2000 /- to 8000 /-.
• Maintenance is also easy with mop or broom.

Staircase Materials & Costing:

• RCC (concrete) & Mild steel is used in basic staircase structure.
• Reinforced concrete is perhaps the most suitable material for the construction of the stairs.

Costing: Rs 17999 /cubic meter.

• RCC is very common in use for stairs because they are durable, strong, non slippery & pleasing in

appearance.

• They can be easily cleaned & they can be moulded in any desired form. Also, they can be covered

or finished with finishing materials.

• Mild steel is also commonly used because it is strong than the other steel & inexpensive. It is used

in both (Indoor & Outdoor) staircase. Costing: Rs 490 /square feet.

• Another materials used in staircase constructions are Wood, Stone, Glass & Stainless Steel.

• Wooden stairs are commonly used because they are cheap & don’t have very

much weight. Costing: Rs 700 / square feet.

• Glass staircases and railings can be used for private and commercial projects and

for giving your house modern look.

• Marble and granite are commonly used stones for a staircase.
• Stainless Steel Stair Price Range No of Products(%)

Rs 7500 - 12000 8 %

Rs 12000 - 19000 8 %

Rs 19000 - 31000 17 %

3. Wood: (^) 4. Stainless Steel:

5. Toughened Glass: 6. Stone: