Life Processes - Excretion
Leaves Stem
Roots Types of Root System
Regions of the Root
Stem Modifications
Root Modifications
Roots, Stem and Leaves
• Perform photosynthesis
• Lateral dissimilar appendages of the stem
• Have leaf base, petiole and leaf lamina
• Borne at the node of the stem
• Do not possess any apical bud or a
regular growing point
• The descending portion of the plant axis
• Non-green or brown in colour, absorb
water from soil
• Positively geotropic
• Not further differentiated into nodes and
internodes
• Do not bear leaves and buds
For food storage
Example: Potato
For food storage
Example: Carrot
Hanging roots for support
Example: Banyan
For respiration
Example: Mangrove
Tendrils for support
Example: Cucumber
Thorns for defence
Example: Bougainvillea
For vegetative propagation
For photosynthesis
Example: Opuntia
Leaf Venation: Arrangement of veins
Types of Leaf Shapes
• Is an ascending axis of the plant
• Differentiated into nodes and internodes
• Young stem is green and photosynthetic
• Negatively geotropic and positively
phototropic
• Bears a terminal bud for growth in length
•Taproot System: Develops from radicle
of the germinating seed
•Fibrous Root System: Develops from
the stem in the form of thin branching
roots without any primary root
Lanceolate
Sagittate
ObovateObcordateAcicular Hastate Orbicular Cuneate LyrateOblique
OblancoelateOblong Elliptical CordateOvate ReniformLinear
Lateral dissimilar appendages of the stem
The descending portion of the plant axis
Not further differentiated into nodes and
Taproot Fibrous
Taproot
Reticulate Venation
Reticulate Venation
For photosynthesis
Parallel Venation
Leaf Venation: Arrangement of veins
Parallel Venation
Thorns for defence
For food storage
Regions of the Root
Region of
Maturation
Region of
Elongation
Root cap
Root hair
Region of
Meristematic Activity
Runner
Example: Grass
Sucker
Example: Chrysanthemum
Offset
Example: Pistia
Stolon
Example: Mint
Tendrils for support
Thorns for defence
Tendrils for support
Oblong
Oblancoelate
Morphology of Flowering Plants
