Sexual Hormone Disorders
Females
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)
This disorder is characterized by oligomenorrhea (irregular menstrual cycles) or amenorrhea (no
menstrual cycles) with symptoms of hyperandrogenism (extra male like hormones) such as acne
and hirsutism (extra male like hair growth). This is the most common endocrine disorder in
young females. Blood tests which may be elevated in this condition are testosterone and
DHEAS. Cysts may be present on the ovaries but are not necessary for diagnosing this disorder.
The underlying cause of this disorder is thought to be insulin resistance (poor response of body
tissues to insulin). Therefore, blood sugar and insulin levels may also be evaluated. PCOS can
result in obesity, infertility, diabetes, heart disease and uterine cancer. Exercise, weight loss and
medications can be used to improve insulin sensitivity. Menstrual cycles can also be regulated
with birth control pills.
Hirsutism
Hirsutism is the growth of excessive hair in a male pattern. This would include face, chest,
abdomen and back. This is usually due to the increased production of androgens (male
hormones). Disorders in which hirsutism is seen include: polycystic ovarian syndrome,
congenital adrenal hyperplasia, ovarian tumors or adrenal tumors. Blood tests are used to help
determine a cause. Occasionally, there is no cause found for the hair growth (idiopathic
hirsutism). Medical treatment varies by the underlying cause of the hirsutism. Topical treatments
including electrolysis and laser can be used to decrease hair growth.
Androgen Excess
Androgen excess refers to the overproduction of male hormones. This can result from ovarian or
adrenal tumors. Other disorders such as polycystic ovarian syndrome, Cushing’s syndrome (the
overproduction of cortisol), hyperprolactinemia and congenital adrenal hyperplasia can cause
extra male hormones to be produced. In women androgen excess can cause hirsutism ( excessive
