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Consultation paper on Recalibration of threshold for Minimum Public Shareholding norms in โ Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (CIRP) cases- enhanced disclosures
Consultation Paper Recalibration of threshold for Minimum Public Shareholding norms, enhanced disclosures in Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (CIRP) cases
1. Objective
1.1. The objective of this discussion paper is to seek comments / views from the public and market intermediaries on Recalibration of threshold for Minimum Public Shareholding norms (MPS) in companies which undergo Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (CIRP) and seek relisting of its shares pursuant to implementation of the approved resolution plan.
2. Background
2.1. In order to ensure sufficient float in a listed entity, in terms of Securities Contracts (Regulation) Rules, 1957 (SCRR), the minimum public shareholding is mandated to 25 per cent of total shareholding.
2.2. In view of the fundamental change in management and governance of a listed entity during CIRP, a necessity was felt for providing a suitable framework of compliance with securities laws. Accordingly, certain relaxations have been granted to such listed companies under various SEBI Regulations and under SCRR as well relating to minimum public shareholding norms.
2.3. Currently, relaxation has been provided from all provisions of Chapter V of the SEBI(Issuer of Capital and Disclosure) Requirements, 2018 (ICDR Regulations) pertaining to preferential issue such as conditions for eligibility, pricing, conditions for consideration and allotment etc. except lock-in provisions. Thus, the shares allotted to an incoming investor under a resolution plan through a preferential issue continue to remain under lock-in for a period of at least 1 year (for allotment in excess of 20 percent of the total capital of the company).
2.4. Relaxation has also been provided in Regulation 3(2) of the SEBI (Substantial Acquisition of Shares and Takeovers) Regulations, 2011 (Takeover Regulations) which allows an acquirer to breach minimum public shareholding norms.
2.5. Further in such cases, where the fall in public shareholding is due to implementation of the resolution plan approved under IBC, 2016, SCRR mandates as follows:
Consultation paper on Recalibration of threshold for Minimum Public Shareholding norms in โ Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (CIRP) cases- enhanced disclosures
a. In cases where the public shareholding falls below 10 percent, then such listed company shall bring public shareholding to at least 10 percent within a period of eighteen months and to 25 percent within three years from the date of such fall. b. In cases where the public shareholding falls below 25 percent but is above 10 percent, such listed company shall bring its public shareholding to 25 percent within three years from the date of such fall 2.6. Furthermore exemption has also been granted from applicability of delisting regulations in case of delisting arising out of resolution plan approved under the IBC, 2016. The minimum value that the shareholder can receive in such cases is the liquidation value, or the price at which existing promoters/ shareholder are being granted exit. Thus, it is possible in case of delisting under the resolution plan, the shareholders may not get sufficient/any value as compared to the potential value that may be realized over a period of time after the implementation of the resolution plan if the shares continue to remain listed.
The existing legal provisions are placed Annexure 1.
3. Concerns
3.1. IBC is an evolving law, only 6 post- CIRP companies have been listed on NSE (details at Annexure 2). However, in terms of the relaxation available as described above, it is possible that pursuant to implementation of the resolution plan, the public shareholding in such companies may drop to abysmally low levels. In one recent case it was observed that post-CIRP the public shareholding has decreased to 0.97%, and showed 8764% increase in its share price in spite of additional preventive surveillance actions including reduction in price band and moving the scrip into trade for trade segment. Such low public shareholding raises multiple concerns like failure of fair discovery of price of the scrip, need for increased surveillance measures etc. and may therefore pose as a red flag for future cases. Low float also prohibits healthy participation in trading of such companies majorly due to issues related to demand and supply gap of shares.
Threshold for public shareholding post CIRP 3.2. While such MPS non-compliant companies are required to achieve minimum public shareholding norms over a period of three years (atleast 10 percent in 18 months), it is felt that concerns as mentioned above shall remain till the company achieves MPS of at least 10%
Consultation paper on Recalibration of threshold for Minimum Public Shareholding norms in โ Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (CIRP) cases- enhanced disclosures
4. Proposals
4.1. The matter was deliberated at the Primary Market Advisory Committee (PMAC), which has recommended that SEBI may seek public comments on the following options:
a. Options: Option 1: Post-CIRP companies may be mandated to achieve at least 10 percent public shareholding within six months and 25 percent within 3 years from the date of breach of MPS norm Currently, Rule 19A(5) of the SCRR mandates that in case public shareholding of a listed company falls below 10% as a result of implementation of resolution plan under IBC, 2016, then the same shall be increased to atleast 10% within 18 months from the date of fall and 25% within 3 years from the date of fall. It is proposed that 18 months as mandated under Rule 19A(5) may be brought down to 6 months.
Option 2: Post-CIRP companies may be mandated to have at least 5 percent public shareholding at the time of relisting Such companies may be provided 12 months to achieve public shareholding of 10 percent and further 24 months to achieve public shareholding of 25 percent. A concern in 5 percent threshold is that it may not be significant threshold to allay concerns as mentioned above. However, the positive side is that a lower threshold (such as five percent) will incentivize companies from staying listed and any higher threshold may push for total delisting.
Option 3: Post-CIRP companies may be mandated to have at least 10 percent public shareholding at the time of relisting Such companies may be provided three years to achieve minimum public shareholding of 25 percent. In case of IPOs, in terms of Rule 19(2) (b) companies are mandated to have at least 10 percent minimum public shareholding.
Consultation paper on Recalibration of threshold for Minimum Public Shareholding norms in โ Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (CIRP) cases- enhanced disclosures
b. Lock-in requirements: Typically, in view of preferential issuance of shares to the incoming investor/promoter under the resolution plan, such shares would be under lock-in for at least 1 year in terms of ICDR Regulations. Thus, achieving MPS compliance through means involving off-loading of shares by the incoming investor/ promoter within one year is not possible. Therefore, it may be permitted to free such shares from lock-in so as to help achieve MPS (only to the extent to enable MPS compliance).
c. Whether there is a need to introduce a standardized reporting framework pursuant to approval of resolution plan? If so, what details may be mandated? Some of the disclosure requirements could be as follows: i. Pre and Post net-worth of the company ii. Detailed pre and post shareholding pattern assuming 100% conversion iii. Details of funds infused, creditors paid-off. iv. Additional liability on the incoming investors due to the transaction/ source of funding etc. v. Impact on the investor โ revised P/E, RONW ratios etc. vi. Names of the new promoters, key managerial persons(s) if any. Past experience in the business or employment. In case where promoter are companies, history of such company and names of natural persons in control. vii. Brief description of business strategy viii. Resolution plan (excluding confidential information, commercial secrets etc.)
- Considering the implications of the said matter on the market participants including issuer companies and investors, public comments are invited on the proposals at Para 4 above. Comments may be sent by email or through post, in the following format:
Consultation paper on Recalibration of threshold for Minimum Public Shareholding norms in โ Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (CIRP) cases- enhanced disclosures
Annexure 1
- Regulation 158(2) of the ICDR Regulations states as follows (emphasis supplied):
The provisions of this Chapter, except the lock-in provisions, shall not apply where the preferential issue of specified securities is made in terms of the rehabilitation scheme approved by the Board of Industrial and Financial Reconstruction under the Sick Industrial Companies (Special Provisions) Act, 1985 [1 of 1986] or the resolution plan approved under Section 31 of the Insolvency & Bankruptcy Code, 2016 [No. 31 of 2016], whichever is applicable.
a. Regulation 3(2) of the Takeover Regulations states as follows (emphasis supplied):
No acquirer, who together with persons acting in concert with him, has acquired and holds in accordance with these regulations shares or voting rights in a target company entitling them to exercise twenty-five per cent or more of the voting rights in the target company but less than the maximum permissible non- public shareholding, shall acquire within any financial year additional shares or voting rights in such target company entitling them to exercise more than five per cent of the voting rights, unless the acquirer makes a public announcement of an open offer for acquiring shares of such target company in accordance with these regulations: Provided that such acquirer shall not be entitled to acquire or enter into any agreement to acquire shares or voting rights exceeding such number of shares as would take the aggregate shareholding pursuant to the acquisition above the maximum permissible non-public shareholding. Provided further that, acquisition pursuant to a resolution plan approved under section 31 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 [No. 31 of 2016] shall be exempt from the obligation under the proviso to the sub-regulation (2) of regulation 3.
- Rule 19A(5) of the SCRR states as follows (emphasis supplied):
(5) Where the public shareholding in a listed company falls below twenty-five per cent, as a result of implementation of the resolution plan approved under section 31 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (31 of 2016), such company shall bring the public shareholding to twenty-five per cent within a maximum period of three years from the date of such fall, in the manner specified by the Securities and Exchange Board of India:
Consultation paper on Recalibration of threshold for Minimum Public Shareholding norms in โ Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (CIRP) cases- enhanced disclosures
Provided that, if the public shareholding falls below ten per cent, the same shall be increased to at least ten per cent, within a maximum period of eighteen months from the date of such fall, in the manner specified by the Securities and Exchange Board of India.
- Regulation 3(3) of the Delisting Regulations, 2009 state as follows:
(3) Nothing in these regulations shall apply to any delisting of equity shares of a listed entity made pursuant to a resolution plan approved under section 31 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 [No. 31 of 2016], if such plan, โ (a) lays down any specific procedure to complete the delisting of such share; or (b) provides an exit option to the existing public shareholders at a price specified in the resolution plan:
Provided that, exit to the shareholders should be at a price which shall not be less than the liquidation value as determined under regulation 35 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (Insolvency Resolution Process for Corporate Persons) Regulations, 2016 after paying off dues in the order of priority as defined under section 53 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016[No. 31 of 2016]:
Provided further that, if the existing promoters or any other shareholders are proposed to be provided an opportunity to exit under the resolution plan at a price higher than the price determined in terms of the above proviso, the existing public shareholders shall also be provided an exit opportunity at a price which shall not beless than the price, by whatever name called, at which such promoters or other shareholders, directly or indirectly, are provided exit:
Provided also that, the details of delisting of such shares along with the justification for exit price in respect of delisting proposed shall be disclosed to the recognized stock exchanges within one day of resolution plan being approved under section 31 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (No. 31 of 2016)
- Regulation 167(1) of the ICDR Regulation states as follows: 167. (1) The specified securities, allotted on a preferential basis to the promoters or promoter group and the equity shares allotted pursuant to exercise of options attached to warrants issued on a preferential basis to the promoters or the promoter group, shall be locked-in for a period of three years from the date of trading approval granted for the specified securities or equity
