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1397 ،دو ﺷﻤﺎرة ﻧﻬﻢ، و ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﺳﺎل ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ در ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻲ و ﻛﺎرﺑﺮديﻋﻠﻮمﻧﺸﺮﻳﺔ
ﺧﻄﻲﺳﻬﻤﻮيةﻛﻨﻨﺪﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰداراي ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﻴﺎﻟﻲ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ /ﻓﺘﻮوﻟﺘﺎﻳﻴﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮ ﻧﺎﻧﻮذرات ﺷﻜﻞ اﺛﺮ ( 3 ) ﻋﺎﻣﺮي ﻣﻬﺮان ( 2 )ﺑﺠﺴﺘﺎن ﻧﻴﺎ اﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ اﺣﺴﺎن ( 1 ) ﻓﺮد ﻳﺰداﻧﻲ ﻓﺮﻳﺪه
اﻛﺴـﻴﺪ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳـﻴﺎل از اﺳﺘﻔﺎدهاﺛﺮ و ﺷﺪه ﺳﺎزي ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺧﻄﻲ-ي ﺳﻬﻤﻮة ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ / ﻓﺘﻮوﻟﺘﺎﻳﻴﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻳﻚ پژوﻫﺶ، اﻳﻦ در چﻜﻴﺪه وي اﻧﺮژﻳﺪگﺎه د ازﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺳﻳﻦاﻳﻲا ﻛﺎر ﺑﺮ ﺷﻜﻞآﺟﺮيواي ﺗﻴﻐﻪاي، اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪ پﻼﻛﺘﻲ، ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﺎﻧﻮذرات داراي 50:50آب : گﻠﻴﻜﻮل اﺗﻴﻠﻦ / آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮم و اﺳـﺖ ﺷـﺪهﻲ اﻋﺘﺒﺎرﺳـﻨﺠ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدﻳﺸگﺎﻫﻲ آزﻣﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺘﺎ از ﺑﺎاﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه پﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدﻣﺪل .اﺳﺖ ﺷﺪهﻲ ﺑﺮرﺳ ﻣﻐﺸﻮش و آرامﻳﺎن ﺟﺮ دو درياگﺰرژ ﻧـﺎﻧﻮذرات و آرام ﻳـﺎن ﺟﺮ در ﺷـﻜﻞاي اﺳـﺘﻮاﻧﻪ ﻧﺎﻧﻮذرات ﺑﺎﻴﺎل ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳ از اﺳﺘﻔﺎدهﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ،ﺑﻪﻪ ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟ .اﺳﺖ ﺪهگﺮدﻳ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪهﻳﺞ ﻧﺘﺎﻴﻦﺑﻲﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒ ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﻐﺸـﻮش ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ آرام ﺟﺮﻳﺎن در ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﻴﺎل از اﺳﺘﻔﺎده، ﻋﻼوهﺑﻪ .گﺮدد ﻣﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎزده ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﻣﻐﺸﻮش ﺟﺮﻳﺎن در ﺷﻜﻞآﺟﺮي
. اﺳﺖﺗﺮ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ / ﻓﺘﻮوﻟﺘﺎﻳﻴﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺑﺮاي .ﻣﻐﺸﻮش ﺟﺮﻳﺎن آرام، ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﻴﺎل، ﻧﺎﻧﻮذرات، ﺷﻜﻞ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ،/ﻓﺘﻮوﻟﺘﺎﻳﻴﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﻠﻴﺪي ﻫﺎي واژه
Nanoparticle Shape Effect on a Nanofluid-Based Parabolic Trough Concentrating Photovoltaic/Thermal System F. Yazdanifard E. Ebrahimnia-Bajestan M. Ameri
Abstract In this study, a linear parabolic trough concentrating photovoltaic/thermal system has been simulated and the effects of using Al2O (^) 3/ethylene glycol-water 50:50 nanofluid with different nanoparticle shapes including platelet, cylindrical, blade and brick shapes from energy and exergy standpoints in the laminar and turbulent regimes have been numerically investigated. The proposed model has been validated using existing experimental results where good agreement was observed. The results indicated that using nanoparticles of cylindrical shape in laminar regime and brick-shaped one in turbulent regime lead to the best system performance compared to others. In addition, applying nanofluid in laminar regime is more effective compared to turbulent regime.
Key Words Photovoltaic/Thermal system, Nanoparticles shape, Nanofluid, Laminar flow, Turbulent flow
DOI: 10.22067/fum-mech.v29i2.62148.ﺑﺎﺷﺪﻣﻲ 96 / 4 / 18 آن پﺬﻳﺮش ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ و 95 / 11 / 8 ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ .ﻛﺮﻣﺎن،ﺑﺎﻫﻨﺮ ﺷﻬﻴﺪ داﻧﺸگﺎهﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ، ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ،دﻛﺘﺮي ﻮيداﻧﺸﺠ( 1 ) e.ebrahimnia@qiet.ac.irﻗﻮچﺎن،ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲداﻧﺸگﺎه ،ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ گﺮوه اﺳﺘﺎدﻳﺎر،:ﻣﺴﺌﻮل ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪة( 2 ) .ﻛﺮﻣﺎن،ﺑﺎﻫﻨﺮ ﺷﻬﻴﺪ داﻧﺸگﺎهﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ، ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ اﺳﺘﺎد،( 3 )
1397 ،دو ﺷﻤﺎرة ﻧﻬﻢ، و ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﺳﺎل ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ در ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻲ و ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي ﻋﻠﻮم ﻧﺸﺮﻳﺔ
گـﺎز و ﻧﻔـﺖ ﻣﻨـﺎﺑﻊ دﻳگـﺮ، ﻃﺮف از .[1]ﺷﻮدﻣﻲ ﻣﻴﻦﺄ ﺗ
ﻫـﺎيﺳـﻮﺧﺖ آﻻﻳﻨﺪگﻲ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻫﻤچﻨﻴﻦ، .[2] اﺳﺖ ﺷﺪه
اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ، .[1] اﺳﺖ ﺷﺪه زده ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ اﻳﺮان
ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ /ﻓﺘﻮوﻟﺘﺎﻳﻴﻚﻫﺎيﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ اﻧﻮاع، اﻳﻦ از ﻳﻜﻲ. [3]
راﺳـﺘﺎ، اﻳـﻦ در .[4]ﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ ﻣـﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ
ﺳـﻬﻤﻮي ﻫـﺎيﻛﻨﻨـﺪهﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛـﺰ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻳﻦ در .[5]اﻧﺪگﺮﻓﺘﻪ
ـﻮرتﺻـــﻪﺑــ 2005 ـﺎلﺳــ در[6] ـﺎوﻧﺘﺮيﻛــ .ـﺖاﺳــ
/ﻓﺘﻮوﻟﺘﺎﻳﻴـﻚﻫﺎيﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد 2011 ﺳﺎل در [7, 8]
ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ ﻳـﻚ 2012 ﺳﺎل در[9] ﻫﻤﻜﺎران و ﺟﻲ .دارﻧﺪ
ﻳـﻚ 2012 ﺳـﺎل در[10]ﻫﻤﻜـﺎران و ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺴـﻪ .ﻳﺎﺑﺪﻣﻲ
ـﺘﻢﺳﻴﺴـ ـﻚﻳـ 2013 ـﺎلﺳـ در[11] ـﺎرانﻫﻤﻜـ و ـﺎنچﺎﺑـ
ﺳـﺎل در[12] ﻫﻤﻜﺎران و ﻛﻮل دل .دارد ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﺘﻮﻟﺘﺎﻳﻴﻚ
1397 ،و
در C ୩
ة
، دو ﺷﻤﺎرة ﻧﻬﻢ، و ﺖ
wﻋﺮض و dx ﻮﻧ ﺑـﺮاي ﺳـﺘﻔﺎده پ ﺣــﺮارت ــﺎل ﺗﺮﻣﻮﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ص ﺷپﻮچﺸـﻢ ، ﺗـﻲ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳـﻴﺎل ﺟـﺰ ﻪ ﺮگ ﻇﺮﻓﻴـﺖﺎﺑﻞ ﻫﺮ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺮژي .ﺳﺖ اﻓﺰارﻧﺮم از زي راﻧگ روش از ي هﺷﺪاﺳﺘﻔﺎده اﺑﻂ ا ﺷـﺪهاراﺋـﻪ( 2 گﻠﻴﻜـﻮ اﺗﻴﻠﻦ :ب ﻮآﻟ اﻛﺴﻴﺪ ذرات
ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰﻛﻨﻨﺪةﺑﺎرﺗﻲ
ﺖﺑﻴﺴ ﺳﺎل
xﻃﻮلﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﻴﻠﻲ ﺳا ﻣـﻮرد ﺿـﻴﺎت ـاﻧﺘﻘاز ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨــﺪ ﺧﻮا گﺮﻓﺘﻦﻧﻈﺮ ﺣﺮارﺗ /وﻟﺘﺎﻳﻴـﻚ ﺑـﻪاﺟﺰاﺔﻫﻤةژ ﺎدرﻣﻘآن ﺑﻮدن ﺰ ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺿﻴﺎت ﺳا ﺷﺪه اراﺋﻪ( 1 ﺳﺎﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺶ، ياﻧﺮژﺔﻣﻮازﻧ ت رو .اﺳﺖ ﺷﺪه 2 ) ﺟـﺪول در بآ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻔﺎده، ﻧﺎﻧﻮذ داراي ﻛﻪ
رﺣﺮا /ﻓﺘﻮوﻟﺘﺎﻳﻴﻚ ﺧﻄﻲﺳﻬﻤﻮي
ردA ଶوAଵﺖ
ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ 1 ﺷﻜﻞ
ﻚ
15 ﺳــﺎل در [
ﺳ در[23]ﺎران
ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ در ﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻲ
2 2]ﻫﻤﻜــﺎران
ﻣﺤﺎ و ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي ﻮم
ﻋﻠﻮ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﺔ
ﻋﺎﻣﺮي
I CRρ
h୮୴ି ୟ hୟୠୱି ୲
hୟୠୱି
h୲ି୵ (
: [29]
x ∗^ =
Nu୵ =
زﻳـﺮ ﺔ
Nu୵ =
ﻣﻬﺮان - ﺑﺠﺴﺘﺎن ﻧﻴﺎ
ρୡ୭୬ γ୲ α (^) ୮୴ ቂ1 − = ൫h୰,୮୴
ୟୠୱ ൫T୮୴ − Tୟୠୱ ୲ (Tୟୠୱ − T୲ )w = ୧ (Tୟୠୱ − T୧ )w (T୲ − T୵ )wdx
C
]ﺷﻮدﻣﻲ ﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ
L RePrD = ቐ
1.953(x ∗^ ) 4.364 +^0 ﺔ ـراﺑﻄ از ﺳـﻠﺖ
= (^) 1 + 12.7(f⁄(f 8⁄ )(R
ﻧﻴ اﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ اﺣﺴﺎن -
[24]رﺗﻲ
− pa × η (^) ୰ ቀ ୴ିୟ + hୡ,୮୴ିୱ ൯
- h ୱ ൯wdx = hୟୠୱ wdx + h୮୴ି୲ ൫T = h୲ି୵ (T୲ − T wdx + h୲ି୧ (T୲ x = mሶ C (^) ୮ dT୵
ρ (^) ୬ = (
C (^) ୮,୬ =
(1 − φ
μ୬ μୠ= 1 k (^) ୬ k (^) ୠ
)ିଵ/ଷ^ x ∗^
x ∗^ x^
∗ (^)
ﺳﻧﺎ ﻋﺪد ﻐﺸﻮش : [ Re − 1000)P ⁄ ) 8 ଵ ଶ⁄^ (Pr ଶ/ଷ
ﻓﺮد ﻳﺰداﻧﻲ ﻓﺮﻳﺪه
ﺣﺮار /ﻓﺘﻮوﻟﺘﺎﻳﻴﻚﻢ اﻧﺮژيﺔﻟ − β (^) ୰ ൫T୮୴ − T୰ ൯൫T୮୴ − Tୟ ൯w h୮୴ି୲ ൫T୮୴ − T ୱି୲ (Tୟୠୱ − T୲ ) T୮୴ − T୲ ൯wdx T୵ )wdx + h୲ି − T୧ )wdx = h
ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﻴﺎﻻت ﻮاص راﺑﻄﻪ − φ)ρ (^) ୠ + φ φ)൫ρC (^) ୮ ൯ (^) ୠ + φ ρ (^) ୬
= 1 + C୩ φ
0. 0. ﻐﻣ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺑﺮاي 0 ]گﺮددﻣﻲ ﺳﺒﻪ r − 1)
ﻢﺳﻴﺴﺘ اﺟﺰاي ﺮژي ﻣﻌﺎدﻟ T୰ ൯ቁቃ wdx wdx + h୮୴ିୟୠ ୱ T୲ ൯wdx )wdx + hୟୠୱି xି ୧ (T୲ − T୧ )wd h୧ିୟ (T୧ − Tୟ )
ﻮﺧ ﺑﺮاي ﺷﺪه ﺳﺘﻔﺎده
φρ (^) ୬୮ φ൫ρC (^) ୮ ൯ (^) ୬୮
φଶ
در
... ﻲﺣﺮارﺗ /
ﺮاﻧﺔ ﻧﻣﻮاز ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت
ୱ൫T୮୴ − Tୟୠୱ ൯w
୧ (Tୟୠୱ − T୧ ) w
x wdx
اﺳرواﺑﻂ 2 ﺟﺪول ﻣﺮﺟﻊ [25]
[26]
[27]
[28]
[27] آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮم ﺪ
ܥﺛﺎﺑﺖ و ﻜﻮزﻳﺘﻪ اﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻧﺎﻧﻮذرات ﻒ
A (^) ଶ 612 / 6 123 / 3 904 / 4 471 / 4
/ﻓﺘﻮوﻟﺘﺎﻳﻴﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ
ﻣ 1 ﺟﺪول
wdx
wdx
ﺟ ﺻﻴﺖ گﺎﻟﻲ
گﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﺖ
ﻜﻮزﻳﺘﻪ
ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻲ
ﺪاﻛﺴﻴ ﻧﺎﻧﻮذرات ﻒ
ﻜوﻳﺴﺔراﺑﻄ در ܣ (^) ଶ ﻒﻣﺨﺘﻠ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﺮاي [27, 28]ﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮم Aଵ C (^) ୩ 37 / 1 2 / 6 14 / 6 2 / 7 13 / 5 3 / 9 1 / 9 3 / 3
ﺳ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮ ﻧﺎﻧﻮذرات
ﺟﺰء
ﻓﺘﻮوﻟﺘﺎﻳﻴﻚ
ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ب ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻋﺎﻳﻖﺔ ﻳ ﻛﻦ ﺧﻨﻚ
ﺻﺧﺎ چگ
ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ
وﻳﺴﻜ
رﺳﺎﻧﺎﻳﻲ
ﻒﻣﺨﺘﻠ اﺷﻜﺎل 2 ﻞ
وܣଵﻫﺎيﺎﺑﺖ ﺛ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ رﺳﺎﻧﺎﻳﻲ آﻟﻮﻣ ୩ ﻧﺎﻧﻮذره 61 ﻼﻛﺘﻲ 74 اي ﻴﻐﻪ 95 اي ﺘﻮاﻧﻪ 37 ﺟﺮي
ﻧ ﺷﻜﻞ اﺛﺮ
ﻓ پﺎﻧﻞ
ﺟﺎذب
ﻻﻳ ﺳﻴﺎل
ﺷﻜﻞ
3 ﺟﺪول ﺔ راﺑﻄ
ﻧﻮع پﻼ ﺗﻴ اﺳﺘ آﺟ
ﻋﺎﻣﺮي
،% 1
، 0 / 9 :ﻲ
ﻣﻬﺮان - ﺑﺠﺴﺘﺎنﻧﻴﺎ
5 : ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﻠﻮل ده
310 Wm-1^ K -
1 kgs -^1 :ﻣﻐﺸﻮش ن ﻲﻓﺸﺮدگ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ، 3
ﻣﻐﺸﻮش :ب
ﻣﻐﺸﻮش :
وﻣﺘﻔﺎ روﻧﺪي ﻫﺪ ر ـﻦاﻳـ ـﻴﺢﺗﻮﺿـ
ﻧﻴ اﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ اﺣﺴﺎن -
0 / 95 :ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ ﺐ ﺑﺎزد، 100 Wm-1^ K 298 K:ﻣﺮﺟﻊ 310 Wm-1^ K -^1 (^1) : ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻫﺪاﻳﺖ 0 / 03 Wm-1^ K - نﺟﺮﻳﺎ در ﺟﺮﻣﻲ ﻲ 30 ° :ﻛﻠﻜﺘﻮر ﺷﻴﺐ
ب آرام، :اﻟﻒ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن
:ب آرام، :اﻟﻒ ﺮﻳﺎن
ﻫﺷﺎ اﻣﺎ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ،ﻣﻲ ـﺮايﺑـ .ـﺘﻴﻢﻫﺴـ
ﻓﺮد ﻳﺰداﻧﻲ ﻓﺮﻳﺪه
ﺳﺎزيﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺮاي پﺎراﻣﺘﺮ ﺐﺿﺮﻳ ، 0 / 8 :ﻌﻜﺎس K-1:ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺪاﻳﺖ ﻣ دﻣﺎي، 0 / 0045 K :ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻫﺪاﻳﺖ ﺐ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ، 2 m: ﻃﻮل (^1) :ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻫﺪاﻳﺖ دﺑﻲ، 0 / 12 kgs -1 :م ، 700 Wm-2 :ﺘﻘﻴﻢ 0 / 8 :پﻤپ ه
ﺟ ﺑﺮايﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ت
ﺮﺟ ﺑﺮايﻣﺘﻔﺎوتت
ﻣ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ وﻟﺘﺎﻳﻴﻚ ﻫ ـﻮشﻣﻐﺸـ ـﺎنـ
ﺮﺑ ﻧﻴﺎز ﻣﻮرد ﺮﻫﺎي
ﻌاﻧ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ، 15 :ﻛﺰ ﻫﺪ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ، 0 / 9 :ﺎر K-1 :ﻣﺮﺟﻊ دﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﺐ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ، 0 / 003 m ﻃﻮ، 0 / 003 m:ﺎﻣﺖ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ، 0 / 05 m آرا ﺟﺮﻳﺎن درﺮﻣﻲ ﻘﻣﺴﺘ ﺗﺎﺑﺶ ، 298 K ﺑﺎزده
تﻧﺎﻧﻮذرا ﺷﻜﻞ و ﻲ
تﻧﺎﻧﻮذرا ﺷﻜﻞ و ﻲ
در ﺎي
... ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ /
ﺎراﻣﺘﺮپ 6 ﺟﺪول
ﺗﻤﺮﻛ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ اﻧﺘﺸﺎﺿﺮﻳﺐ، 0 / 9 ﺐﺿﺮﻳ :ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺿﺨﺎ، 0 / 03 m :ﺧﻠﻲ :ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺟﺮ دﺑﻲ، 298 K: ي K:ﻣﺤﻴﻂدﻣﺎي ، (^1) / 5
ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻛﺴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻴﻚ
ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻛﺴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻲ
اﺳـﺖ، ﺸـﺨﺺ دﻣـﺎ ﻧـﺎﻧﻮذرات
/ﻓﺘﻮوﻟﺘﺎﻳﻴﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ
:ﺟﺬب ﺿﺮﻳﺐ
داﺧ ﻗﻄﺮ
ورودي دﻣﺎي ms -1:ﺑﺎد ﺳﺮﻋﺖ
ﻳﻓﺘﻮوﻟﺘﺎ دﻣﺎي ﻴﺮات
ﺧﺮوﺟ دﻣﺎي ﻐﻴﻴﺮات
ﺸﻣ ( 3 ) ﺷـﻜﻞ ﺣﺠﻤـﻲ ﻛﺴـﺮ
ﺳ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮ ﻧﺎﻧﻮذرات
ﺟﺰء ﺳﻬﻤﻮي ﻛﻨﻨﺪة ﻓﺘﻮوﻟﺘﺎﻳﻴﻚ ﺔ
(ﻣﺴﻲ) ﺟﺎذب (ﻣﺴﻲ) ﻪ ﻋﺎﻳﻖﺔ ﻳ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ درون ﺳ پﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﺮ
ﻴﺮﺗﻐﻴ 3 ﺷﻜﻞ
ﻴﺗﻐ 4 ﺷﻜﻞ
از ﻛـﻪ ﻃـﻮرﻤﺎن اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻛ ﺑﺎ آرام
ﺷﻜﻞ ﻧ اﺛﺮ
ﻛﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺔﺻﻔﺤ
ﺟﺔﺻﻔﺤ ﻟﻪﻟﻮ ﻻ ﺳﻴﺎل ﺳﺎﻳﺮ
1397 ،دو ﺷﻤﺎرة ﻧﻬﻢ، و ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﺳﺎل ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ در ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻲ و ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي ﻋﻠﻮم ﻧﺸﺮﻳﺔ
آرام ﺟﺮﻳﺎن در ﻧﺎﻧﻮذرات ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻛﺴﺮﻫﺎي و ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﻴﺎل ﻫﺎيوﻳژگﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات 7 ﺟﺪول ﺷﻜﻞ ﻧﺎﻧﻮذرات
ﻛﺴﺮ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ
ߩ ߩ
ܿ ,ܿ ,
ߤ (^) ߤ (^)
݇ ݇
ﺣﺮارت (Wm اﻧﺘﻘﺎل-2K ﺿﺮﻳﺐ-1 ) ﻧﺎﺳﻠﺖ ﻋﺪد پﺮاﻧﺘﻞ ﻋﺪد رﻳﻨﻮﻟﺪز ﻋﺪد
پﻼﻛﺘﻲ
212 / 385 17 / 183 28 / 904 1570 / 767 1 1 1 1 % 0 214 / 243 16 / 891 39 / 280 1097 / 974 1 / 026 1 / 432 0 / 975 1 / 024 % 1 216 / 062 16 / 611 51 / 767 792 / 341 1 / 052 1 / 987 0 / 950 1 / 047 % 2 217 / 843 16 / 341 66 / 011 591 / 611 1 / 078 2 / 664 0 / 928 1 / 071 % 3 219 / 589 16 / 081 81 / 709 455 / 552 1 / 104 3 / 464 0 / 905 1 / 094 % 4 212216 // 385105 1716 // 183818 2833 // 904173 15701283 // (^7673161) / (^10391) / 2251 0 / 9751 1 / 0241 %% (^01) اي اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪ
1397 ،و
، دو ﺷﻤﺎرة ﻧﻬﻢ، و ﺖ
ﻣﻐﺸﻮش :ب
ﻣﻐﺸﻮش :ب
ﺖﺑﻴﺴ ﺳﺎل
آرام، :اﻟﻒ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن
آرام، :اﻟﻒ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن
ﺑﺮايﻣﺘﻔﺎوترات
ﺑﺮايﻣﺘﻔﺎوترات
رﻧﺎﻧﻮذ ﺷﻜﻞ و ﺠﻤﻲ
رﻧﺎﻧﻮذ ﺷﻜﻞ و ﻤﻲ
ﻚ
ﺠﺣ ﻛﺴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ
ﺣﺠﻤ ﻛﺴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺮارﺗﻲ
ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ در ﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻲ
ﻜاﻟ اﻧﺮژي ﺑﺎزده ت
ﺣ اﻧﺮژي ﺑﺎزده ات
ﻣﺤﺎ و ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي ﻮم
تﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮا 5 ﺷﻜﻞ
اﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ 6 ﺷﻜﻞ
ﻋﻠﻮ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﺔ
ﻋﺎﻣﺮي
ﻣﻬﺮان - ﺑﺠﺴﺘﺎنﻧﻴﺎ
ﻣﻐﺸﻮش :ب
ﻣﻐﺸﻮش :ب ،
ﻧﻴ اﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ اﺣﺴﺎن -
ب آرام، :اﻟﻒ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن
آرام :اﻟﻒ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ي
ﻓﺮد ﻳﺰداﻧﻲ ﻓﺮﻳﺪه
ﺟ ﺑﺮايﻣﺘﻔﺎوتت
يﺑﺮاﻣﺘﻔﺎوتذرات
تﻧﺎﻧﻮذرا ﺷﻜﻞ و ﻲ
ذﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺷﻜﻞ و ﺠﻤﻲ
... ﻲﺣﺮارﺗ /
ﻲﺣﺠﻤ ﻛﺴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻠﻲ
ﺣﺠ ﻛﺴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ
/ﻓﺘﻮوﻟﺘﺎﻳﻴﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ
اﻧﺮژي ﺑﺎزده ﻴﺮات
اﻟﻜ اگﺰرژي ﺑﺎزده ت
ﺳ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮ ﻧﺎﻧﻮذرات
ﻴﺗﻐﻴ 7 ﺷﻜﻞ
تﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮا 8 ﺷﻜﻞ
ﺷﻜﻞ ﻧ اﺛﺮ
ﻋﺎﻣﺮي ﻣﻬﺮان - ﺑﺠﺴﺘﺎن ﻧﻴﺎ اﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ اﺣﺴﺎن - ﻓﺮد ﻳﺰداﻧﻲ ﻓﺮﻳﺪه ...ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ /ﻓﺘﻮوﻟﺘﺎﻳﻴﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮ ﻧﺎﻧﻮذرات ﺷﻜﻞ اﺛﺮ
در و ـﺰاﻳﺶاﻓـ آرام ـﺎنﺟﺮﻳـ در ـﻞﻛـ ـﺮژياﻧـ ـﺎزدهﺑـ .ﻛﻨﺪﻣﻲ پﻴﺪا ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻐﺸﻮش ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻳﺎﺑـﺪﻣـﻲ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ آرام ﺟﺮﻳﺎن در ﻛﻞ اگﺰرژي ﺑﺎزده ﻛـﻞ اگـﺰرژي ﺑﺎزده ﻣﻐﺸﻮش ﺟﺮﻳﺎن در ﻛﻪﺣﺎﻟﻲدر ﺷـﻜﻞايﺗﻴﻐـﻪو اياﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪ پﻼﻛﺘﻲ، ﻧﺎﻧﻮذرات ﺑﺮاي ﺷـﻜﻞآﺟـﺮيةﻧـﺎﻧﻮذر ﺑـﺮايوﻟـﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ، ﻣﻲ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ و % 1 ﺣﺠﻤـﻲ ﻛﺴﺮ ﺗﺎ اگﺰرژي ﺑﺎزده اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ
. ﻫﺴﺘﻴﻢ آن ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺳپﺲ آرام ﺟﺮﻳﺎن درﺷﻜﻞاياﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪﻧﺎﻧﻮذرات از اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻨﺠـﺮ ﻣﻐﺸﻮش ﺟﺮﻳﺎن درﺷﻜﻞآﺟﺮي ﻧﺎﻧﻮذرات و .ﺷﻮدﻣﻲ اگﺰرژي و اﻧﺮژي ﺑﺎزده اﻛﺜﺮﺣﺪ ﺑﻪ
اﻧگﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﻢﻋﻼﻳ (m^2 )ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ܣ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ܴܥ (m)ﻗﻄﺮ ܦ اﺻﻄﻜﺎك ﺿﺮﻳﺐ f Wm ) ﺟـﺎﻳﻲﻪ ﺟﺎﺑ ﺣﺮارت اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ℎ (^) -2 (^) K - (^1 (Wm-2^ K -1) ﺗﺎﺑﺸﻲ ﺣﺮارت اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ℎ (^) (Wm-2) ﻢﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴ ورودي ﺗﺎﺑﺶ ﺷﺪت ܫ (m) ﻢﺳﻴﺴﺘ ﻃﻮل ܮ (kgs -1 ) ﺟﺮﻣﻲ دﺑﻲ ݉ ሶ ﻧﺎﺳﻠﺖ ﻋﺪد Nu ﻓﺸﺮدگﻲ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ pa (Pa ) ﻓﺸﺎر ܲ پﺮاﻧﺘﻞﻋﺪد Pr رﻳﻨﻮﻟﺪز ﻋﺪد Re (K ) دﻣﺎ ܶ
(m) ﻋﺮض ݓ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻧﻲ ﻢﻋﻼﺋ ﺟﺬب ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ߙ ﻊﻣﺮﺟ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ در دﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ߚ ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ߛ௧ (kgm-3) چگﺎﻟﻲ ،اﻧﻌﻜﺎس ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ߩ ﺑﺎزده ߟ ﻊﻣﺮﺟ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ در ﺧﻮرﺷﻴﺪي ﺳﻠﻮل ﺑﺎزده ߟ (^) (Wm-2^ K -4)ﺑﻮﻟﺘﺰﻣﻦ اﺳﺘﻔﺎن ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ߪ ﻋﺒﻮر ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ߬ ﻛﻠﻜﺘﻮر ﺷﻴﺐ ߠ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻛﺴﺮ ߮ ﻫﺎ زﻳﺮﻧﻮﻳﺲ ﻫﻮاﺔ ﻳﻻ ܽ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺟﺎذب ܾܽݏ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ رﺳﺎﻧﺎي چﺴﺐ ݀ܽ ℎ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اﺗﺼﺎل ܾ پﺎﻳﻪ ﺳﻴﺎل ݂ܾ ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰﻛﻨﻨﺪه ܿ݊ ﻋﺎﻳﻖﺔ ﻳﻻ ݅ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﻴﺎل ݂݊ ﻧﺎﻧﻮذره ݊ ﻓﺘﻮوﻟﺘﺎﻳﻴﻚﺔ ﺤﺻﻔ ܸܲ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ /ﻓﺘﻮوﻟﺘﺎﻳﻴﻚ ܸܲܶ/ ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰﻛﻨﻨﺪهﺑﺎﺣﺮارﺗﻲ /ﻓﺘﻮوﻟﺘﺎﻳﻴﻚ ܶ/ܸܲܥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ݐ ﺣﺮارت اﻧﺘﻘﺎلﻋﺎﻣﻞﺳﻴﺎل ݓ
1397 ،دو ﺷﻤﺎرة ﻧﻬﻢ، و ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﺳﺎل ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ در ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻲ و ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي ﻋﻠﻮم ﻧﺸﺮﻳﺔ
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1397 ،دو ﺷﻤﺎرة ﻧﻬﻢ، و ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﺳﺎل ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ در ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻲ و ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي ﻋﻠﻮم ﻧﺸﺮﻳﺔ
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