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Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Shavige Malleshwara Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout, Bangalore – 560 078. (An Autonomous Institute affiliated to VTU, Approved by AICTE & ISO 9001:2008 Certified) Accredited by National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) with ‘A’ grade
AAT REPORT
REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEMS
(Case Study)
Program: B.E. Branch: ECE
Course: Real Time operating Systems Semester : IV
Course Code: 22EC463 Date:11-07-
A Report on
ELABORATE ON MOBILE OS
Submitted by Sl. No. USN NAME MARKS
1. (^) **1DS22EC033 APEKSHA U
- 1DS21EC058 CHITHRASHREE GS**
Faculty In-charge
Dr. KIRAN GUPTA
Signature of Faculty In-charge
ABSTRACT:
In recent times the smartphones and the tablets have taken the world by storm. These mobile devices are having a significant impact on our lives and are in fact redefining the way we access information and communicate with others. This is due to not only the hardware but the specialized software that these devices run and most importantly, their operating system (OS) known as Mobile Operating System. Just like a PC can run on different OS’s or different versions of the same OS, most of the smartphones also runs on various Mobile Operating Systems which is the backbone of the whole functioning of the mobile device_._
INTRODUCTION :
A Mobile operating system is the Operating System that operates a Smartphone, Tablet, PDA, or other digital mobile device. Modern mobile operating systems combine the features of a personal computer operating system with other features, including a touch screen, cellular, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, GPS mobile navigation, camera, video camera, speech recognition, voice recorder, music player, near field communication and Infrared Blaster. The Smartphone operating system (OS) movement has grown to include competitors such as Google, Microsoft, Apple, Symbian, and Palm. Although these operating system platforms have come a long way since their inception, none of these companies provide an OS that is ideal for all users. They claim that their platforms perform the best in all endeavors and will certainly not advertise any weakness with their systems. This makes it difficult for end users to know which platform is best suited for their need. In this document delves into the intricate world of mobile operating systems, exploring their history, architecture, and evolution. We will examine the key components that make up a modern mobile OS, from the kernel and drivers to the user interface and application development. The conclusive success of a mobile platform entirely depends on its adaptability to the third party applications and ultimately, it constructs the global market. In the recent years, since the launch of the Smartphone, it has proved itself to be an end-to end mobile.
Name of the Mobile O/S Year of launch New Features Palm OS 1.0 1996 RIM applications Address, Datebook, Memo pad, To-do list Palm OS 2.0 1997 Mail and Expense are added Palm OS 3.0 1998 HotSync Support, Web Clipping Support, native 8-bit color support Pocket PC 2002 2001 MSN Messenger, Media Player 8 Enhanced UI Palm OS 4.0 2001 External File Systems, 16-bit color screens Palm OS 5.0 2002 PACE Emulator, Bluetooth Emulator Windows Mobile 2003 2003 Bluetooth Integration, Pocket Internet Explorer, Windows Media Player 9. Windows Mobile 2003 SE 2004 SE Potrait and Landscape switching for Pocket PCs and WPA Palm OS Cobalt 2004 Telecommunication, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth Connectivity Windows Mobile 5 2005 Windows Media Player 10 Mobile, Global Positioning System (GPS) Management Interface, Introduction to Office Mobile Windows Mobile 6 2007 .NET Compact Framework v2 SP2 Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Compact Edition Windows Live Blackberry OS
2007 Voice Notes Option, Email and SMS in separate folders iPhone OS 2.0 2008 Third Party Application support, Sync Google contacts Blackberry OS
2008 HTML emails, faster performance and improved multi- tasking, Microsoft Office Documents ToGO Windows Mobile 6. 2008 Threaded SMS full page, zooming in Internet Explorer and Domain Enroll Symbian OS 2008 Desktop Interactive Widgets, FaceBook IM chat Android 1.1 2009 Support for saving attachments from MMS, Marque in layouts, API changes Blackberry OS 5 2009 Wireless Sync, Blackberry Enterprise Server 5, almost revamped web browser Windows 6.5 2009 Internet Explorer Mobile 6 and Multi touch support iPhone OS 3.0 2009 Push Notifications, cut, copy and paste, Turn-by-Turn Navigation, Voice memos HP Web OS 2009 Synergy app, multi-touch gestures and multi-tasking
Categories of Mobile OS
The various categories of Mobile OS include: (i) Manufacturer-built proprietary OS (ii) Third party Proprietary OS (iii) Free and Open Source OS. Manufacturer-Built Proprietary OS : Some device manufacturers use their own proprietary operating system for their phones and tablets. A good example is Apple, with iOS being the operating system developed by them for their iPod Touch, iPhone and iPad devices. Other examples include RIM who uses their proprietary BlackBerry OS for all BlackBerry phones and tablets, and HP, using their proprietary Palm Web OS for their Palm series of smartphones and tablets. A characteristic of such operating systems is that they have a very consistent look and feel across all devices that they run on, the way Mac OS X appears and behaves the same way on a Macbook Pro as it does on an iMac or a Macbook Air. The popular Mobile OS under this category are Apple iOS, RIM BlackBerry OS, HP WebOS etc. Third-Party Proprietary OS : The other category is the proprietary operating systems built by companies that do not manufacture devices, but license their operating system to manufacturers for running it on theirs. The popular examples are Windows Mobile and Windows Phone 7, built by Microsoft and found running on smartphones by HTC, Samsung, Dell and LG, amongst others. These operating systems also have usually a consistent appearance and behavior across all devices, just like Windows 7 appears and behaves the same regardless of what brand of computer you are running it on. Free and Open Source OS : There are open source operating systems built by a company, a group of companies or a community of developers and made available for everyone to modify them in any way they choose, and install them on their choice of devices. Examples of these operating systems include Android, Symbian, the upcoming MeeGo and most importantly, Android.
Android is an extensive operating setting that is based upon Linux. The piece, along with some variations like V2.6, is additionally a split device. The style of Android body has received this photo, as the account is revealing various levels of Android. That is, Application level, Application structure work level, Library coating, Android Run opportunity level, and Kernel level. Each class is gotten in touch with the other. Android OS is a pile of program parts broken down into five segments and four principal coatings as pre-coating as presented below in the design. The Android operating systems offer a virtual machine that is optimized for the mobile devices. It provides a structured data storage by the use of SQLite.It facilitates with technologies such as, Bluetooth, 3G and WiFi that are hardware dependent. It enables reuse and replacements of components through an application framework. For example Sony Ericsson XPERIA X10 is developed using Android operating system. A virtual machine can be referred to an environment or a program that does not physically exists but is created inside another environment a) APPLICATION FRAMEWORK LAYER : The Android application framework includes: A rich and extensive set of views can build an application with a beautiful user interface. To our knowledge, the outlook may constitute lists, grids, text boxes, buttons, and even an embeddable web browser A Resource Manager responsible to provides access to non-core resources such as localized strings, graphics, and layout files. A Notification Manager is responsible to enables all applications to display custom alerts in the status bar. Fig : Architecture diagram of Android system
An Activity Manager is responsible for managing the lifecycle of applications and provides a standard navigation back stack. The location manager is responsible for fires alerts when a user enters or leaves a specified geographical location. Package manager: It is liable to retrieve the data about installed packages on the device. Window manager: It is responsible for creating views and layouts. Telephony manager: It is responsible for handling settings of network connection and all information about services on the device. b) ANDROID RUNTIME : It features a collection of center collections and also Java online equipment (Dalvik online equipment). That has been revamped as well as improved through Google to become ideal for the Android system. Linux bit lies at a lower level of the Android body and also functions as an absorption coating. The components bridge of the software application pile delivers center device solutions like surveillance, moment monitoring, procedure administration, system pile, and chauffeur version. Moreover, some lower functionalities including the administration of strings of Dalvik. The online device additionally depends on the Linux piece. c) LINUX KERNEL : At the end of the levels is Linux. Linux 2.6, along with around 115 patches, supplies essential body capabilities like method control, mind administration, tool monitoring, video camera, keyboard, feature, etc. The bit manages all the factors that Linux is excellent at, such as media and a substantial assortment of gadget vehicle drivers. It takes throbbing away from interfacing to outer equipment. FEATURES OF ANDROID OPERATING SYSTEM :
Screen capture: Android allows a user to screenshot when two buttons are pressed simultaneously using the power and volume down button. It started after Android 4.0 versions as previously. It could only be done through third-party customization. IOS: iOS is an operating machine based on the UNIX environment constructed for Apple’s iPhone, iPod touch and iPad of different cell devices. The iOS architecture is layered. It follows a hybrid kernel approach. It contains an intermediate layer between the applications and the hardware so they do not communicate directly. The lower layers in iOS provide the basic services and the higher layers provide the user interface and sophisticated graphics. iOS is also used to manage the hardware of a gadget and for supplying applied sciences required to enhance each and every application and internet applications also. iOS used to be first introduced and launched as the operating system gadget of the iPhone introduce on the twenty-ninth of June, in the year 2007. The iOS has also consisted of apps like phone, messaging, core services of CF network, security services as keychain and certificate and trust services and core os. WINDOWS MOBILE: Windows Mobile is an operating system used in various mobile phones and Smartphones. It encompasses the entire software stack from the kernel to the application interface. This operating system is compatible with the Microsoft Office suite of programs. The current version is called “Windows Mobile 6.5”. It is based on the Windows CE 5.2 kernel. Additionally, third-party software development is available for Windows Mobile, and the software can be purchased via the Windows Marketplace for Mobile. Originally appearing as the Pocket PC 2000 operating system, most Windows Mobile devices come with a stylus pen, which is used to enter commands by tapping it on the screen. Windows CE is a modular operating system that serves as the foundation for several classes of devices. Windows Mobile is best described as a subset of platforms based on a Windows CE. Currently, Pocket PC (now called Windows Mobile Classic), Smartphone (Windows Mobile Standard), and Pocket PC Phone Edition (Windows Mobile Professional) are the three main platforms under the Windows Mobile umbrella. Windows Mobile is a Microsoft-defined custom platform for general use in Smartphones and PDAs. It consists of a Microsoft- defined set of minimum profiles (Professional Edition, Premium Edition) of software and hardware that is supported. It provides feature rich OS and interface for cellular phone handsets.
SYMBIAN:
Symbian operating system is the most popular operating system used in most Smartphones and mobile phones today. The heritage of Symbian OS begins with some of the first handheld devices. This operating system began its existence in 1988 as SIBO (an acronym for ’16-bit organizer’). SIBO ran on computers developed by Psion Computers, which developed operating system to run on small footprint devices. It was designed with specific criteria that can be characterized by event-driven communications, using client-server relationships and stack-based configurations. Symbian OS model follows layered approach and contains UI frame work layer, Application services layer, Base service layer and kernel services and hardware interface layer. Symbian OS has a micro kernel architecture that provides robustness, availability and responsive. Client-server describes the relation between two computer programs. The client program sends a service request to the server program. The server program fulfils the request. The Symbian operating system is developed using C++ programming language. The Symbian operating system is a mobile operating system that was specially built to run on a Smartphone platform. It fits in the memory of a mobile phone because of its compatibility. It is considered as a full-fledged operating system. Symbian operating system supports multitasking and multithreading. Many processes can run concurrently, they can communicate with each other and utilize multiple threads that run internal to each process. LINUX : Linux is unique among the other operating systems. This is because its development is driven by a community of developers rather than by a single company such as Symbian operating system in Nokia phones and blackberry OS in blackberry phones. According to ARC chart, the Linux operating system supports more processors than other operating system, though the most popular phone models still use the Symbian operating system. However, Linux is an open source operating system, where in, the developers constantly change and update it even at the kernel level platforms. Smartphones based on the open source Linux operating system have emerged in the market. There are many advantages to using an open-source operating system like Linux. No cost and the opportunity to tap into the Linux open source community are appealing. This has made Linux grow, not only for the server and PC market space, but also in the embedded device area including handheld computers. For example,
PARAMETERS SYMBIAN iOS ANDROID OS family RTOS^ Darwin^ Linux Vendor Symbian Ltd. And Symbian foundation Apple Open Handset Alliance, Google Architecture OS with applications, UI frame works and kernel on ARM Processor This OS has kernel which interact with Driver run time, Kernel, UI Divided into components (App Layer, libraries, runtime and Linux Kernel) User Interface User friendly It has to load application and view it UI is highly configurable Developed in (Programming language) C,C++,ME, Python, Ruby, Flash Lite
C, C++,
Objective –C, Swift C, C++, Java App Store Nokia Ovi Store App Store Google Play License Proprietary Proprietary Open source Battery Demand Less^ Less^ Highest Security Hard to crack Hard to crack Softest to crack Voice Assistant Vlingo 3.2 Siri Google now Environment QT, Carbide, Vistamax, Eclipse XCode(Apple), App code Eclipse(Google) Processor used ARM, x86 ARM 64,ARM. ARM, x86, MIPS Memory Utilization Memory Management Unit and cache all resides on a System on Chip Automatic reference counting. No garbage collection Paging, Memory Map, No Swapping Power Management When power goes below threshold then switches to low resolution display and refresh it Not optimized power management compared to other OS Power Management is not optimal
Comparative Chart of Symbian, iOS and Android
ISSUSES AND CHALLENGES :
Multiple Mobile OS’s poses various challenges. In this section we elaborate the common and fundamental issues and challenges of the Mobile OS: Mobile OS design suffers from usability and interoperability problems. Usability problems are difficult due to the small physical size of the mobile phone form factors. Interoperability issues arise from the platform fragmentation of mobile devices, mobile operating systems and mobile browsers. Hardware and software configuration management. Content delivery for various smartphones operated by various service providers is difficult Introduces the possibility of the configuration errors , bugs (in both the OS itself and in the applications it runs), viruses and other malware. Adaptability of applications on various Mobile OS’s. Designing of an app for more than one mobile OS requires more than one design and every mockup has to be intuitive for the specific groups of users (specific to OS). Personalization is considered to be biggest challenge as it is the key enabler for the success of the OS. System integrity Power management Continuous Connectivity User Interface designs for various mobile apps. Approach for positioning of apps for Navigation by various Mobile OS is different. Space management and resource saving elements like pop-overs, alerts, software gradients, graphic elements etc.. Testing of the applications on a plethora of mobile OS’s. CONCLUSION: Like a computer operating system, a mobile OS is the software platform on top of which other programs run. When you purchase a mobile device, the manufacturer will have chosen the operating system for that specific device. The operating system is responsible for determining the functions and features available on your device, such as thumbwheel, keyboards, WAP, synchronization with applications, e-mail, text messaging and more.
