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The role of fungi in integrated pest management, focusing on entomopathogenic fungi and their impact on insect populations. It covers the etymology of entomopathogenic fungi, major taxa, important species, modes of action, and toxins. The document also discusses mass production and field release methods for selected fungi, as well as their advantages and disadvantages.
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What is microbial control? ◦ (^) “Microbial control refers to the exploitation of diseases causing organisms to reduce the population of insect pests below the economic injury level”
Greek words “Entomon”= Insects “Genes”= Arising in “microorganisms which arise in insects.” Entomophili Entomopathogen
Entomon: an insects Pathogen: which caused disease Fungi: micro fungal organism
Beauveria bassiana Cotton bollworms, Coffee berry borer (Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera & few in Diptera, Hymenoptera) Paecilomyces fumosoroseus Lepidoptera, Thysanoptera Metarrhizium ansipoliae Sugarcane pyrilla, Rhinoceros beetle, (Coleoptera, Lapidoptera, Hemiptera, Diptera & Hymenoptera) Verticillium lecanii White flies, Aphids & Scales Nomouraea rileyi H. armigera, Achaea Janata, S. litura (Lepidoptera) Aschersonia aleuroides White flies (Homoptera) Hirsutella thompsoni Phytophagous mites (Eriophid mites) Pandora delphacis BPH, GLH of rice
Attachment Germination Penetration Proliferate Killing New propagates (spores) Favourable conditions High humidity Low temp. Favourable conditions 8
◦ (^) A substance which kills an organism
1.Soft and breakable 2.Dried and giving milky liquid 1.Mummified 2.Hard 3.Covered olive green powdery mass of spores 1.Yellow to brown spots on the integument 2.Swelling of posterior abdominal segments 3.Covered with pale green spores 1.Mummifide 2.Hard 3.Covered filamentous white hypae Beauveria bassiana Metarhizium anisopliae Nomouraea rileyl Verticillium lecanii
Mass production 200 g of grains in 250 g polypropalyne bags or bottles with 190 ml of water Sterilization at 120 for 45 minutes Cool and inoculate with the 5 ml fungus spore suspention Bags incubate at 25 for 25 days Air dried under laminar air flow 3 days at 40 Ground to fine mixture 13
Field release ◦ (^) Method:
Silkworm larva
Grass hopper
Beetle Cicada
Metarhizium anisopliae ◦ (^) Mass production 40 g carrot bits in 250 ml of conical flask With 65 ml of water Autoclave at 25 psi for 30 minutes Cool and inoculate with the fungus Fungal can be applied to manure pit after a fortnight
