Radio Wave Propagation: Electromagnetic Waves Above the Visible Spectrum, Slides of Communications Engineering

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Unit 5:

RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

RADIO WAVES AND MICROWAVES ARE JUST ABOVE VISUIBLE SPECTUM AND EXHIBIT MOST OF THE PROPERTIES LIKE LIGHT

• (^) RF Propagation mean RF waves carrying photon energy travel through space at the velocity of light i.e 300* 6 m/sec

Unit 5:

RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION

• (^) The Power Density= Radiated power per unit area
• (^) Power Density = Pt 4∏r 2 Inverse-square Law: The power density is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source. Isotropic source It is one that radiates uniformly in all directions in space.

Unit 5:

RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION

RADIO WAVE

PROPAGATION

• (^) Polarization: Vertically Polarized: As Electrical field is vertical in direction This direction is determine by direction of Antennas.

RADIO WAVE

PROPAGATION

• (^) Reception:

• (^) Reflections & Refraction of waves:

RADIO WAVE

PROPAGATION

• (^) Diffraction

RADIO WAVE

PROPAGATION

IONOSPHERICAL LAYERS

D: Lowest layer, above 70Km and extended up to 80Km, It disappears at night E: above D layer, at 100Km and extended up to 125Km, It disappears at night F1 layer, at 180Km and extended up to 200Km, It merge with F2 at night F2 is the vital layer for Sky wave propagation. Extended from 200 to 400 Km in daytime which can fall to 300 in night

Sky wave propagation

Think Punch

Learn from Nature…….. River

Think Punch

Learn from Nature…….. Ant Queue