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This research article explores the environmental scenario, living conditions, and human rights violations among slum dwellers in Pathanamthitta, a district headquarter and town in Kerala, India. The study focuses on the disclosure of health problems and the underlying factors that influence the disclosing mindset of slum dwellers, particularly regarding gender position obstacles, exclusion from peer businesses, and unsupportive local conditions.
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2nd MSW SUBMITTED TO: DR. Vidya Vinutha D’Souza A Minor Research Article Submitted to the Faculty of P.G Social work department In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Course on Human Rights. January 2021 St Aloysius College (Autonomous) Mangalore- 575003
Human rights violation among the slumdwellers in Pathanamthitta (A district headquarter and a town in Kerala, India
A slum is a compact location of overcrowded populations, poorly built congested living condition, unhygienic environment usually with inadequate infrastructure and missing in proper sanitary and drinking water centers. living conditions in slums have an immediate impact on humans’ health. one of the principal challenges that face city planners globally is the proliferation of slums in urban regions and the host of health hazards that they create alongside their wake. but, the prolific spread of slums has been a rampant hassle in city regions internationally. Human development and improvement in the quality of life is the ultimate objective of all planning programs leading to higher economic and social development. There exists a very strong linkage between attaining economic prosperity and enriching the quality of life, which is reflected in the social indicators of health, longevity, literacy and environmental sustainability. In actual experience, environment improvement with innovative transformation of economic system and society with its predominant targets lie within the pride of human wishes and aspirations, like India is full- size culturally and geographically wherein 29 states and 7 union territories. Present study is a humble attempt to explore the environmental scenario and life conditions as well as the related human rights violation of slum dwellers in Pathanamthitta town- District headquarter (A district in the state of Kerala, in India.) Pathanamthitta District is a district in the southern part of Kerala, India. The district headquarters is in the town of Pathanamthitta. There are four municipalities in Pathanamthitta: Tiruvalla, Adoor, Pathanamthitta and Pandalam. This study has done in the central town of Pathanamthitta Municipality. The movement of large number of rural migrants to the urban areas has far reaching social implications in transforming the nature and character of urbanization in India. The migrants move into the city not only physically but also bring along their culture, style of life, values, etc. Slum in Pathanamthitta town mostly developed surrounding the city center, where more affluent citizens, who have moved to the city, have abandoned property taken over by the poor. Although the immediate environment deteriorates because of the crowding, pollution, wealthy, and middle-class families, including those who have fallen on hard times, hangs on to their properties.
Van Schayck Onno C. P, Das Moumita, Angeli Federica (2018) A study on Patterns of illness disclosure among Indian slum dwellers: a qualitative study, deals with the disclosure of health problems and human rights violation in Indian slum dwellers. Slum dwellers show unique trends with regards to disclosing their ailments to specialists. The resulting moves result in poor health-seeking behavior and underutilization of current formal fitness centers. The approaches that slum people use to speak their emotions approximately infection, the sort of confidants that they pick, and the supportive and unsupportive social and cultural interactions to which they are exposed have not yet been studied within the Indian context, which constitutes an critical know-how hole for Indian policymakers and practitioners alike. To that give up, this study examines the styles of contamination disclosure in Indian slums and the underpinning factors which shape the slum dwellers’ disclosing mindset. In-depth, semi-dependent interviews were conducted among one zero five guys and 113 ladies who experienced illness in the 12 months previous to the observe period. Respondents were selected from 4 city slums in two Indian towns, Bangalore and Kolkata. Findings indicate that women have extra confidants at distinctive social tiers, whilst guys have a restricted network of disclosures that is culturally and socially mediated. Gender position obstacles, exclusion from peer businesses and unsupportive local conditions are the essential motive of disclosure put off or non-disclosure amongst guys, at the same time as the primary worries for women are a lack of proper understanding about illness, unsupportive responses received from other humans on positive occasions, the worry of social stigma, material loss and the load of the neighborhood state of affairs. prompt sharing of contamination amongst guys is linked with prevention goal and dealing with biological troubles, whereas factors figuring out disclosure for women relate to making sure emotional and instrumental protection, preventing collateral damage of illness, and stopping and managing biological headaches Kumar Jitendra (2014) A research article on Slums in India: a focus on metropolitan cities. This study focuses on Urbanization and its after impact on slum dwellers. Rapid urbanization and increasing migration from rural regions has caused boom of slums in every town/town, now not best in India, but someplace else in the international. almost international’s 1/third urban population had been lived in slums in 2001. Majority of them have been within the growing areas accounting for 43 percentage contrast to 6 percentage
Raipur’s outstanding role in the financial system of the location, city populace and specifically the urban bad face severe troubles due to populace strain, deterioration in the physical environment and first-rate of life. finally, the dimensions and unfold of slums on this vicinity not only help us to identify that they're now not anomalous and pathological phenomena on the city putting but additionally a manifestation of city poverty that is nevertheless essential within the urban economic system in India. The fast growth of urban population poses critical demanding situations in phrases of provision of fundamental minimal offerings. Slums are an outcome of an imbalance in urban increase as a result of overconcentration of monetary assets in Raipur. via the examine it is stated that a bulk range slum dweller doesn’t consider in casteism, untouchability, and purdah (superstitions) gadget. a totally few numbers of resident’s experience inferiority complex as they live in substandard residing condition as compared with the mainstream society. Raipur slum dwellers are still some distance from widespread first-rate of existence. With the developing urbanization and boom inside the number of slums and slum population, there's a want for more and more network-controlled packages than administration controlled programme to improve slum regions. The study has definitely introduced out the institutional gap on the network degree as additionally lag in employer and leadership. If the targets of the government is to make provision for simple human wishes, there is need to emphasis and make stronger institutions on the network level in the shape of community committees and to guide nongovernmental efforts – either character or institutional in any other case. Khalilur Rahman Md, Muhibbullah Md, Samiul Islam Mohammad (2015) A study on Socio-economic Status of Slum Dwellers: A Case Study of Uttara Periphery, Dhaka. The study was an attempt to assess the living status of slum dwellers at Uttara, periphery, Dhaka. A slum is a heavily populated urban informal settlement characterized by substandard housing, squalor, most lack reliable sanitation services, supply of clean water, reliable energy, and different simple offerings. Findings confirmed that the common cash spend for meals and groceries turned into Tk.2,757. forty-one (44.86%) whereas the average monthly house hire inclusive of utilities became Tk.1,968.33 (32.02%). It turned into word that educational expense of kids was Tk.555.00(9.03%). consistent with month at the same time as price for health care according to month became Tk.457.five (7.44%). It became found that they stay in unhygienic environment. within the slum place, the youngest and grownup age group (0-24 years) had morbidity price of 30.8% followed through population within the age organization 35-39 years (17.9%). Morbidity changed into lowest (5.1%) for the populace belonging to age institution 30-34 years, accompanied by way of morbidity of populace elderly 40 and above (each group has morbidity rate 12.8%). Slum people were observed to be engaged in day laborer, small activity services, rickshaw pulling, and little enterprise
The present study mainly focuses on the several aspects of slum development and challenges along with human rights violation among the slum dwellers in Pathanamthitta town. The main thrust of this study is to examine various concerns of slums. The following objectives have been framed for the present study. These are follows:
The study is based on Qualitative data Via in- depth interview and focused group discussion. The samples have been taken out from the central town location of Pathanamthitta municipality. 10 respondents were participated in in-depth interview as well as in focused group discussion from this particular location of slum in the Pathanamthitta municipality.
During in depth interview, half of the respondents argued that they have migrated from other state (villages from especially north India) in search of employment opportunities. Half of them said that they were living in extremely poor life condition and out of poverty they left their previous land and found a better living in
area. But around 30 percentage out of 10 respondents were of opinion that they are finding better living condition (not so bad) in this land than their previous land because of Job opportunities (manual jobs and construction works) and money they get at the present environment. Hence around 20 Percentage said that they are feeling good about their living condition in the area. Most of the respondents more than half of them said that they do not get lonely (nearly 60 percentage) because they have adjusted with the life in the slum from the years. Whereas other forty percentage were of the opinion that feeling lonely, extremely bad and normal(good) respectively. Even though more than half of the respondents argued that they have accessibility in health care facilities, but a significant portion of 40 percentage said that have no access of health care amenities and constantly suffer due to poor living condition and sickness. They were of the opinion that municipal authority did not take any effective steps to provide free medical care for those living in the slums.
Most of the participants (around 80 percentage) argued that they only prefer to go to govt hospital due to lack of money. But lack of govt hospital facilities in nearby locality often forces them to go to private hospital or to stay remain in house with the sickness. Nearly 60 percentage of the respondents said that they get food grains via Public distribution system especially they get benefits from the monthly free food supply kit of Kerala government via (PDS) ration shops. But nearly 40 percentage new migrants said that they do not get any of these due to the lack of identity. They do not have ration cards or any other documentation of identity, but to a certain extent they get help from their fellow companions to access food grains.
confirms right to life and treats health as human right. Secondly, lack of identity and personal documentation, often prevent them from getting the benefits of Governments via PDS and different scheme. Along with that no land ownership often forecasts a threat to their future life as any time they could be evacuated from the land which they are living at the present. Hence theses three major human rights violation could be recognized in the life condition of slumdwellers in Pathanamthitta.
Dr. Md. Khalilur Rahman, Md. Muhibbullah, Mohammad Samiul Islam. (2015). Socio-economic Status of Slum Dwellers: A Case Study of UttaraPeriphery, Dhaka. Asian Review, Journal of Asian University of Bangladesh , 2-15. Dr. Sribas Goswami, Prof. Samita Manna. (2013). Urban Poor Living in Slums: A Case Study of Raipur City in. Global Journal of HUMAN SOCIAL SCIENCE , 9. Kumar, J. (2014). SLUMS IN INDIA: A FOCUS ON METROPOLITAN CITIES. International Journal of Development Research , 388-393. Moumita Das,Federica Angeli,Onno C P van Schayck. (2018, January 16). Patterns of illness disclosure among Indian slum dwellers: a qualitative study. Retrieved from PubMed.gov: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29338708/ Murthy, S. L. (2013, August 14). Land security and the challenges of realizing the human right to water and sanitation in the slums of Mumbai, India. Retrieved from Health and Human rights 14/2: https://www.hhrjournal.org/2013/08/land-security-and-the-challenges-of-realizing-the-human- right-to-water-and-sanitation-in-the-slums-of-mumbai-india/
