Relaxation techniques, Slides of Physiotherapy

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• Feb-2018-
• Physiotherapy

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: Objectives of lecture

After studying this lecture, the student will be able to;  Define the Relaxation  Classify relaxation  (^) Enumerate the factors affecting relaxation  (^) Understand the benefit of relaxation  Understand Common elements of relaxation training  Apply the different techniques of relaxation (relaxation training) Physiotherapy

Relaxation Relaxation

 It is a state in which muscle tension and mental stress are reduced as much as possible through conscious effort, or a process that decreases the wear and tear of life's challenges on your mind and body  It is a conscious effort to relieve tension in muscles. Interventions that promote general or local relaxation can complement starching program

1. Mental relaxation( reduce mental stress)
2. Physical relaxation ( reduce physical stress) Also it can be classified into:
3. General relaxation
4. Local relaxation

Muscle ToneMuscle Tone-- 11



Muscle tone refers to the amountMuscle tone refers to the amount

of tension or resistance to of tension or resistance to

movement in a muscle even movement in a muscle even

during rest or relaxation. during rest or relaxation.

Muscle Tone. Cont., Muscle Tone. Cont.,

 Muscle tone is maintained through theMuscle tone is maintained through the activity of the muscle spindles circuit. activity of the muscle spindles circuit. (Muscle spindles are modified muscle (Muscle spindles are modified muscle fibers called fibers called intrafusal muscle fibers).intrafusal muscle fibers).

.,., Postural Tone. ContPostural Tone. Cont-- 22

 (^) Any stretching of muscles byAny stretching of muscles by an external force, such as an external force, such as the force of gravity, the force of gravity, stimulates sensory receptors stimulates sensory receptors (muscle spindles) situated (muscle spindles) situated within the muscles giving within the muscles giving rise to a discharge of motor rise to a discharge of motor impulses to the same impulses to the same muscles. muscles.  (^) These motor impulses willThese motor impulses will cause stimulation of cause stimulation of sufficient numbers of motor sufficient numbers of motor units leading to an increase units leading to an increase tension of the muscle. tension of the muscle.

.,.,Postural Tone. Cont Postural Tone. Cont

 TheThe degreedegree andand locationlocation of posturalof postural tone varies with any alteration in tone varies with any alteration in posture. posture.  in upright positions, where the force ofin upright positions, where the force of gravity tends to stretch muscles more gravity tends to stretch muscles more strongly, strongly,  in recumbent positions, where thein recumbent positions, where the effects of the force of gravity is effects of the force of gravity is adequately counterbalanced by full adequately counterbalanced by full support of the body. support of the body.

3- Voluntary Movement 3- Voluntary Movement

 AfterAfter anyany musclemuscle contractioncontraction andand completion completion ofof thethe movement,movement, thethe muscles come to rest and relax. muscles come to rest and relax.  ThereThere isis aa recognizedrecognized biologicalbiological principle principle thatthat activityactivity ofof livingliving cellscells tends to be followed by inhibition of tends to be followed by inhibition of that activity that activity (contraction=relaxation). (contraction=relaxation).

.,.,Voluntary Movement. Cont Voluntary Movement. Cont

 Contraction in any one group ofContraction in any one group of muscles is accompanied by a reciprocal muscles is accompanied by a reciprocal relaxation of the antagonistic group to relaxation of the antagonistic group to allow movement to take place allow movement to take place smoothly. These facts are of importance smoothly. These facts are of importance during consideration of methods during consideration of methods designed to obtain relaxation of a designed to obtain relaxation of a particular group of muscles particular group of muscles (Reciprocal inhibition). (Reciprocal inhibition).

Pathological Tension in MusclePathological Tension in Muscle-- (^55) The tension of higher motor centers (upper The tension of higher motor centers (upper motor neuron lesions) leads to increase motor neuron lesions) leads to increase tension of relaxed muscles which varies tension of relaxed muscles which varies from hyper tonicity to spasticity or rigidity. from hyper tonicity to spasticity or rigidity.  A temporary reduction in this tension inA temporary reduction in this tension in the affected area can be achieved in some the affected area can be achieved in some cases by suitable means which promote cases by suitable means which promote relaxation, and this allows re-education of relaxation, and this allows re-education of any functional activity which remains to any functional activity which remains to take place. take place.

Relaxation training Relaxation training

Common elements of relaxation training

1. Relaxation involves a reduction in muscle tension in the entire body or the region that is painful or restricted by conscious effort and thought. 2. Comfortable positions and support comfort and restful atmosphre (Prone lying, Supine lying, Half lying, Side lying)

3. Training occurs in a quiet environment with low lighting and soothing music or an auditory cue on which the patient may focus.
4. The patient perform deep breathing exercises or visualizes a peaceful scene.
5. When giving instructions the therapist uses a soft tone voice.