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An overview of the locomotion and movement systems of the human body. It covers various topics such as bones, muscles, joints, types of movements, and properties and types of muscles. It also includes information on the structure of myofibrils and the mechanism of muscle contraction.
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Arthritis : an enflamm atory joint diease characteresed by enflammation of joints. Coccyx : tail bone formed by fusion of four coccygeal vertebrae in man. Dicondylic Skill : A Skull with two occipital condyles. Endo Skeleton : A skeleton present outside the body. Fascicule : Bundles of muscles febers held together by connective tissue. Fascia : Collagenous connective tissue layer that surrounds muscle bundles. Floating ribs : The ribs that remain free anteriorly. False ribs : The ribs whose sternal part are join to sternal part of a true rib. Myoglobin : A red coloured pigment present in sarcoplasm of muscle. Sarcolema : A portion of myofibril between two successive ‘Z’ lines. Sarcocolema : The plasma membrane of a muscle. Gout : Inflammation of joints due to accumulation of uric acid crystal. Suture : immovable joints between skull bones. Synovial joints : Freely movable joints between limb bones. Patella : A sesamoid bone acting as kneecap Intervertebral disc : Fibro carti lagenous pad present between the vertebrae and act as shock absorbers.
CBSE sample papers, Question papers, Notes for Class 6 to 12
L.M.M. : Light meromyosin HMM : Heavy meromysoin Types of Movement :
1. Amoeboid movement : These movement takes place in phagocytes where leucocytes and macrophages migrate through tissue. It is affected by pseudepodia formed by the streaming of protoplasm (as in amocba) 2. Celiary movement : These movement occurs in internal organs which are lined by ciliary epithelium. 3. Muscular Movement : This movement involve the muscle fibers, which have the ability to contract and relex. Properties of Muscle : (i) Excitability (ii) Contractility (iii) Extensibility (iv) Elasticity Types of Muscles : (a) Skeletal muscles or striated muscles - These involved in locomotion and change of body postures. Thes are also known as voluntary muscles. (b) Visceral muscles or smooth muscles - These are located in inner wall of hollow visceral organ, smooth in appearance and their activity are not under control of nervous system. (c) Cardiac muscles - The muscles of heart, involuntary in nature, steriated and branched, These are uni nucleated. Structure of myofibril : Each myofibril consist of alternate dark and light band. Dark band - contain myosim protien and is called A-band or Anisotroic band. Light band - Contain actin protien and is called I Band or Isotropic band.
CBSE sample papers, Question papers, Notes for Class 6 to 12
H u m a n sk e le to n - 2 0 6 b o n e s A x ia l s k e le to n (8 0 b o n es ) A p p e n d ic u la r sk e le to n ( 1 2 6 b o n e s )
sk u ll (2 9 b o n e s) c ra n iu m - 8 F a c e - 1 4 E ar o ss ic e le - 6 H y o id - 1
v e r te b r a e (2 6 ) C e rv ic a l - 7 T h o ra c ic - 1 2 L u m b e r - 5 S a c ra l - 1 C a u d a l - 1
S te r u m 1
R ib s 1 2 p a irs
G ird le s (6 b o n es ) P e c to r a l (S h o u ld e r g ird le ) P e lv ic ( H ip g ir d le )
C la v icle - 2
sc a p u la - 2
L im b s ( 1 2 0 b o n e s)
F o re lim b s (6 0 b o n e s) H in d lim b s ( 6 0 b o n e s ) H u m e ru s - 2 R a d iu s - 2 U ln a - 2 C a rp a ls - 6 M e ta C a rp a ls - 1 0 P h a la n g e s - 2 8
F e m u r - 2 T ib ia - 2 F ib u la - 2 P a te lla - Ta r sa ls - 1 4 M e ta tar sa l - 1 0 p h a la n g e s - 2 8 Jo in ts
F ib ro u s jo in ts d o n o t a llo w m o v m e n t
C a rte leg e n o u s jo in ts S y n o v ia l jo in a llo w v e ry slig h t m o v e m en t
F re e ly m o v a b le E x - J o in ts b e tw e e n th e b o n e o f s k u ll
E x - J o in t b e tw ee n a d ja c e n t v e rte b ra e B a ll a n d s o c k e t Jo in ts
H in g e Jo in ts
P iv o t Jo in ts
G lid in g Jo in ts
S a d d ls Jo itn s E x - b etw e e n h u m e ro u s a n d p e c to r a l g ird le
E x - k n e e E x - A tla s a n d a x is
E x - b etw e e n c a rp a ls
E x b e tw e e n c a rp la s a n d m e ta c a r p a ls o f th u m b
Jo in t
CBSE sample papers, Question papers, Notes for Class 6 to 12
Very Short Answer Questions (1 mark each)
CBSE sample papers, Question papers, Notes for Class 6 to 12