Radar and Navigation
Systems
Lecture 1
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An introduction to radar systems, including their basic operation, key terms and concepts, and applications. It covers the fundamentals of pulse radar systems, such as pulse width, pulse repetition frequency, carrier frequency, power, and duty cycle. The document also discusses the block diagram of a simple pulse radar system and the two main types of radar - pulse transmission and continuous wave. Additionally, it covers radar frequencies, common radar applications, and the key measurements that a conventional radar can make, including distance, azimuth, elevation, and target properties. The document delves into important radar concepts like maximum unambiguous range, second trip echoes, and the radar equation, which relates the range of a radar to various system and environmental factors. Overall, this document serves as a comprehensive introduction to the principles and applications of radar technology.
Typology: Lecture notes
2023/2024
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Radar and Navigation
Systems
Lecture 1
Learning Objectives
- Know the application of radar system
- (^) Comprehend basic operation of a simple pulse radar system
- (^) Know the following terms: pulse width, pulse repetition frequency,
carrier frequency, peak power, average power, and duty cycle
- (^) Know the block diagram of a simple pulse radar system
Why microwaves? Microwaves can penetrate haze, fog and snow readily, and rain and hail less readily, so radar can “see through” these conditions. An elementary radar system
Two Basic Radar Types
- (^) Pulse Transmission Continuous Wave Continuous Wave
Radar Frequencies
Applications of Radar
- (^) Air Traffic control
- (^) Aircraft navigation
- (^) Ship safety
- (^) Remote Sensing
- (^) Law enforcement
- (^) Military
Pulse duration ( s) and pulse length (h, meters) Pulse repetition period (msec) and pulse repetition frequency (s-1) Duty Cycle (= Tr)
Meteorological radars send out pulses of energy with relatively long
periods of “listening” between pulses. Pulses are required, rather
than continuous waves, to determine the distance to the target.
Second Trip Echo: an echo from a pulse that is not the most recent pulse
Pulse Transmission
- (^) Pulse Width (PW)
- (^) Length or duration of a given pulse
- (^) Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF)
- (^) Frequency at which consecutive pulse are transmitted
- (^) Pulse Repetition Time (PRT=1/PRF)
- (^) Time from beginning of one pulse to the next
- (^) Inverse of PRF
- (^) PW determines radar’s
- (^) Minimum detection range
- (^) Maximum detection range
- (^) PRF determines radar’s
- (^) Maximum detection range
Pulse Diagram
PRT PRT PW PW “ “Listening”Listening” Time Time PRT=1/PRF PRT=1/PRF Carrier Freq.
hello Compare to: Acoustic Echo-location
hello distance Acoustic Echo-location
Hi !! Hi !! time t = 2 x range / speed of sound