R: The Powerful Open-Source Data Science Language - Prof. Bhayal, Slides of Advanced Computer Programming

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Presented By

Shanti lal Bhayal

Assistant Professor

MEDICAPS UNIVERSITY

Programming

Environment

R

What is data science?

Hacking ( Programming) +

Maths/Statistics + Domain

Knowledge = Data Science

SO NEXT WHAT IS

Data Scientist?

A data scientist is simply a

person who can

write code = in R, Python,Java,

SQL, Hadoop (Pig,HQL,MR) etc

= for data storage, querying,

summarization, visualization

= how efficiently, and in time

(fast results?)

= where on databases, on

cloud, servers

and understand enough

statistics

to derive insights from data

so business can make

decisions

R:

R version 4.2.1 (Funny-Looking Kid) has been released

on 2022-06-23.

► (^) Early 1990s: The development of R began.

► (^) August 1993: The software was announced on the S-news mailing list.

► (^) www.r-project.org/mail,html

► (^) June 1995: After some persuasive arguments by Martin Mächler - code available as

“free software,” under the FSF’s GNU GPL, Version 2.

► (^) Mid-1997: The initial R Development Core Team was formed(Core group)

► (^) February 2000: The first version of R, version 1.0.0, was released.

► (^) R : Past and Future History (r-project.org);

https://cran.r-project/doc/html/interface98-paper/paper.html

What's great about R?

CRAN Packages By Date (r-project.org) https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/

R can perform various data analysis and data science tasks for free



Interactive Visualization with Shiny package (Equivalent SAS Product : Visual

Analytics)



Ensemble Learning / Machine Learning (SAS Product : SAS Enterprise Miner)



Text / Social Media Mining (SAS Product : SAS Text Miner)



Optimization and Forecasting (SAS Product : SAS ETS, PROC OPTMODEL)



RStudio IDE (SAS Product : SAS Enterprise Guide)



Integartion: Tableau, SQL Server, VS , PowewrBI



The system saves data sets between sessions, so you don't need to reload them

each time. It saves your command history too.

Where is R used?

Big data demands of companies

analyse user behaviour.

online advertising and e-commerce

Weather services use it for weather

forecasts.

It is a fundamental tool for analytics-driven

organizations

What is R?

 R is a dialect of S.



S was a language, or is a language that was developed by John

Chambers and at the now-defunct Bell Labs.

S was initiated in 1976 as an internal statistical analysis environment-

originally implemented as a Fortran Libraries.

Early versions of the language did not contain functions for statistical

modelling.

So in 1988, the system was rewritten in the C language and to make it more

portable across systems and it began to resemble the system that we have

today. Historical Notes

 In 1993 Bell Labs gave a corporation called StatSci which became Insightful

Corporation, an exclusive license to develop and sell the S language.

 In 2004, Insightful purchased the S language completely from Lucent for $2 million

is the current owner.

 In 2006, Alcatel purchased Lucent Technologies and it's now called Alcatel-Lucent.

 Insightful sell its implementation of the S language under the product name S-PLUS

and has built a number of fancy features(GUI Mostely) on top of it- ”PLUS”.

 1991: It was created in New Zealand by two gentleman named Ross Ihaka

and Robert Gentleman.

 1993: First announcement to public.

 1995: Martin Michler convinced Ross and Robert to use, to license R under the

GNU General Public License to make R free software.

 1996: A Public mailing list is created(R-help and R-devel).

 1997: The core group is formed. The core group control the source code of R

 2000: R 1.0.0 Version is released.

R version 4.2.1 (Funny-Looking Kid) has been released on 2022-06-23.

What is R

R is an integrated suite of software facilities for data manipulation, calculation and

graphical display

 An effective data handling and storage facility,

 A suite of operators for calculations on arrays, in particular matrices,

 A large, coherent, integrated collection of intermediate tools for data analysis,

 Graphical facilities for data analysis and display either directly at the computer or on hardcopy, and

 A well developed, simple and effective programming language (called ‘S’) which includes

conditionals, loops, user defined recursive functions and input and output facilities.