Download quick review notes on oral pathology and more Study notes Pathology in PDF only on Docsity!
ORAL PATHOLOGY- QUICK NOTES
Synonyms
Cheilitis granulomatosis : Meischers syndrome Hereditary intestinal polyposis : Peutz-jeughers syndrome / Intestinal polyposis with melanin pigmentation. Ephelis : Labial and oral melanotic macule Ankyloglossia : Tongue tie Fissured tongue : Scrotal tongue Benign migratory glossitis : Geographic tongue/ Erythema migrans Dens invaginatus : Dens in dente/Dilated composite odantome Dens evaginatus : Leong’s premolar, occlusal enamel pearl Talen’s cusp : Dens evaginatus of anterior tooth Taurodontism : Bull teeth Amelogenesis imperfecta : Hereditary enamel dysplasia Turner’s teeth/Turners hypoplasia : Enamel hypoplasia due to local infection on trauma. Huchinson’s teeth : Enamel hypoplasia due to congenial syphilis. Dentinogenesis imperfecta : Hereditary opalescent dentin Dentin dysplasia : Root less teeth Regional odontodysplasia : Odontogenic imperfecta/ Ghost teeth Ankylosed deciduous teeth : Submerged teeth
Median anterior maxillary cyst : Naso palatine duct cyst/ Incisive canal cyst Palatal cyst of neonate : Epsteins pearl/ Bohn’s nodules Keratoanthoma : Self healing carcinoma Intraepithelial carcinoma : Carcinoma in situ Basal cell carcinoma : Rodent ulcer Epidermoid carcinoma : Squamous cell carcinoma Peripheral ossifying fibroma : Peripheral odontogenic fibroma or calcifying/ossifying fibroid epulis. Peripheral giant cell granuloma : Giant cells epulis /Osteoclastoma /peripheral giant cell tumor Hemangioma : Vascular naevus. Kaposis sarcoma : Multiple idiopathic hemorrhagic sarcoma of Kaposi Ewing’s sarcoma : Round cell sarcoma African jaw lymphoma : Burkitts lymphoma Multiple myeloma : Plasma cell myeloma/ plasmacytoma Traumatic neuroma : Amputation neuroma Neurofibroma : Neurofibromatosis/Von Reckling hausens disease of skin/Fibrosa molluscum. Pleomorphic adenoma : Mixed tumor Warthins tumor : Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum or adeno lymphoma Sjogren’s syndrome : Sicca syndrome Adenoid cystic carcinoma : Cylindroma/Baseloid mixed tumor
German measles : Rubella Chicken pox : Varicella Herpes zoster : Shingles Mumps : Epidemic parotitis Poliomyelitis : Infantile paralysis Candidiasis : Candidosis/Moniliasis Focal reversiblle pulpitis : Pulp hyperemia Pulp polyp : Chronic hyperplastic pulpitis Periapical granuloma : Apical periodontitis Periapical abscess : Dentoalveolar abscess/Alveolar abscess Condensing osteitis : Chronic focal sclerosing osteomyelitis Gare’s osteomyelitis : Chronic osteomyelitis with proliferative periostitis Cellulites : Phlegmon Traumatic cyst : Solitary bone cyst/hemorrhagic cyst Denture sore mouth : Denture stomatitis Epulis fissuratum : Inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia Angular cheilitis : Perleche Mucocele : Mucous retention cyst/ cyst of pregregor Acrodynia : Pink disease Angioneurotic edema : Angioedema/bion/urticaria Contact stomatitis & dermatitis : Stomatitis and dermatitis venenata
Osteomalacia : Adult rickets Osteogenesis imperfecta : Brittle bones/ Lobsteins disease Cleidocranial dysplasia : Mariae & sainten’s disease, mutational dysostosis Marfans syndrome : Arachnodactyly Downs syndrome : Mongolism Osteoporosis : Marble bone disease Paget’s disease : Osteitis deformans Cherubism : Familial fibrous dysplasia of the jaws Ankylosis : Hypomobility Pernicious anemia : Primary anaemia, Addison’s anaemia Thalassemia : Cooleys anemia, Erythroblastic anaemia Polycythemia vera : Osler’s disease Agranulocytosis : Granulocytopenia/Malignant leukopenia Infectious mononucleosis : Glandular fever/Kissings disease Hemophilia : Bleeders disease, disease of the hamburgs Von wille brands disease : Pseudohemophilia/ vascular purpura ANUG : Vincents infection/Trench mouth Periodontitis : Periodontoclasia Juvenile periodontitis : Periodontosis White spongy nerves : Cannon’s disease Systemic sclerosis : Scleroderma
Bohn’s nodules : Scattered over hard palatMost numerous along the function of hard and soft palate Branchial cleft cyst : Lateral aspect of neck Thyroglossal cyst : Midline Basal cell carcinoma : Middle third of face Pleomorphic adenoma : Parotid gland Primordial cyst : Retained, erupted deciduous tooth Dentigerous cyst : Mandibular and maxillary third molars and maxillary cuspid areas Enameloma : Near or in the bifurcation or trifurcation of roots of teeth on root surface near CEJ Ameloblastoma Mandibular molar-ramus area Pindborg’s tumor : Unerupted of impacted tooth omposite complete odontoma : Posterior jaws Composite compound odontoma : Anterior maxilla Papilloma : Tongue Keratoacanthoma : Lips Intra oral carcinoma : Tongue Intra oral carcinoma : Tongue Most rapidly metastasing tumor : African Burkitt jaw lymphoma Taurodontism : Permanent or deciduous molars Missing permanent tooth : Third molars
Congenitally missing permanent tooth: Maxillary lateral and mandibular second premolar next to third molars in order Commonly missing deciduous tooth : Upper lateral incisor Most common natal and neonatal tooth: Deciduous mandibular central incisor Commonly submerged tooth : Mandibular deciduous second molar Common benign neoplasm : Mandibular deciduous second molar Originating from oral epithelium : Fibroma Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor : Maxillary canine region Retrocuspid papilla : Mandibular canine Turners hypoplasia : Maxillary incisor Odontodysplasia : Maxillary Permanent Central Incisor Oral papilloma : Tongue Keratoacanthoma : Cheeks Inter oral nevi : Hard palate Labial melanotic macule : Lower lip near midline Focal epithelial hyperplasia : Lower lip Facial hemihypertrophy : Permanent canine Carcinoma of gingiva : Mandibular edentulous gingiva Spindle cell carcinoma : Lower lip Giant cell fibroma : Gingiva Oral melanoma : Palate and maxillary gingiva
Ascher’s syndrome: Acquired double lip in association with blepharochalasis and non-toxic thyroid enlargement. Auriculo temporal syndrome/Frey’s syndrome: Flushing and sweating of the involved side of the face, chiefly in the temporal area, during eating, profuse lacrimation while eating spicy/hot food (crocodile tears). Baby bottle syndrome: Nursing bottle caries Behcet’s syndrome: Recurrent oral ulcers, recurrent genital ulcers and ocular inflammation. Bingneel syndrome: Hyperglobinemia with CNS involvement or a toxic infectious basis. Beckwith wiedmann syndrome: Macroglossia, neonatal hypoglycemia and umbilical hernia. Chediak higashi syndrome: Oculocutaneos albinism, photophobia, nystagmus and recurrent infections. Oral ulcers, severe gingivitis and glossitis. Carotid artery syndrome: In which pressure exerted by either a deviant styloid process or an ossified ligament causes impingement on the internal or external carotid arteries between which the styloid process normally lies. Costens syndrome: Impairment of hearing, tinnitus, otalgia, dizziness, headache, a burning sensation in the throat, tongue side and nose due to temperomandibular joint dysfunction.
Cowdens syndrome: (Multiple Hamartoma and Neoplasia Syndromfacial trichilemmomas associated with GI tract, thyroid, CNS and musculo skeletal abnormalities as well as oral lesions. Cleft face syndrome: Hypertelorism, mediancleft of premaxilla and palate cranium bifidumoccultum. Crest syndrome: Calcinosis cutis, Raynaud’s phenomenon, oesophageal dysfunction, sclerodactyly and talangiectasia. Down’s syndrome: Trisomy of 21st chromosome Clinical features:
- Flat face, large anterior fontanel, open sutures, epicanthal folds, open mouth, frequent pragnathion, sexual under development, hypermobility of faints oral manifestation: macroglossia, fissured tongue, high arched palate microdontia, enamel hyperplasia. Eagle’s syndrome: Elongation of styloid process or ossificate and the stylohyoid ligament causing dysphagia, sore throat, otalgia, glossodynia, headache, vago orofacial pain or pain along the distribution of the internal and external carotid arteries. Ehler’s danlos syndrome: Group of hereditary disorder of connective tissue – hyperelasticity of skin, hyperex tensibility of joints, fragilities of skin and blood vessels resulting in excessive bruising as well as defective healing of skin wounds. Fanconi’s syndrome: Congenital and sometimes familial aplastic anemia associated with a variety of other congenital objects including bone abnormalities, microcephaly, hypogenitalism and a generalized brown pigmentation of the skin. Floppy infant syndrome:
Zoster infection of the geniculate ganglion with involvement of the external ear and oral mucosa. Clinical features:
- Facial paralysis as well pain of the external auditory meatus and pinna of the ear, vesicular eruptions in oral cavity and nasopharynx with hoarseness, tinnitis, vertigo. Jaw cyst- basal cell naevous bifid rib syndrome:
- Cutaneous anomalies: Multiple basal cell carcinomas palmar pitting, plantar keratosis, dermal calcinosis.
- Dental osseous anomalies: Multiple odontogenic keratocysts mandibular prognathism, rib anomalies, vertebral anomalies and brachymetacarpalism.
- Ophthalmolgic abnormalities: Hypertelorism, dystopia canthorum, congenital blindness, and internal strabism.
- Neurologic anomalies: Mental retardation, ductal calcification agenesis of corpus callosum, congenital hydrocephalus.
- Sexual abnormalities: Hypogonadism. Marfan syndrome: Disease of connective tissue gelatin to a defective organization of collagen. Clinical features:
- Excessive length of tubular bones resulting in blichostenomalia arachnodactly.
- Shape of skull and face- long narrow, hyperextensibility of joints action habitual dislocations, kyphosis or scoliosis and flat foot high arched palate, bifid uvula. Melkerson rosenthal syndrome: Recurrent attacks of facial paralysis, associated with multiple episodes of non pitting, non inflammatory pain less edema of the face, chielitis granulomatosa, with fissured tongue or lingua plication. Myofacial pain – dysfunction syndrome: Four cardinal signs and symptoms:
- Pain
- Muscle tenderness
- Limitations of jaw motion.
- Negative disease characteristics
- Absence of clinical roentgenographic or biochemical evidence of organic changes in the joint itself
- Lack of tenderness in the joint when it is palpitated through the external auditory meatus. Papillon – lefevre syndrome: Severe destruction of alveolar bone involving both the deciduous and permanent dentitions.
- Characteristic skin lesions – hyperparakeratosis palmo plantar, generalized hypersiderosis, very fine body hair, rectus dirty colored skin. Pierre robin syndrome:
- Cleft palate, micrognathia and glossoptosis.
- Plummer vinsons syndrome:
- One of the manifestation of iron deficiency anaemia.
- Cracks or fissures at corner of the mouth.
- Lesson tinted pallor of skin.
- A smooth red painful tongue with atrophy of the filiform and later the fungi form papilla. o Dysphagia. o Koilonychia. Para-trigeminal neuralgia/Raeder’s syndrome: Severe headache or pain the area of the trigeminal distribution with signs of ocular sympathetic paralysis. Reiters syndrome: Tetrad of urethritis, arthritis, conjunctivitis and mucocutaneous lesions. Rubinstein – Taybi syndrome: Developmental retardation, broad thumbs and great toes, delayed on incomplete descent of the testes in males, talons cusp. Steven Johnson’s syndrome: Severe bullous form of erythema multiforme with wide spread involvement typically including skin, oral cavity, eyes and genitalia.
Odeontogenic myxoma : Mottled or honey comb appearance Chronic diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis : Cotton wool appearance Pagets disease : Cotton wool appearance Monostotic fibrous dysplasia: Ground glass or ‘Peaud’ orange appearance Hyperparathyrodism : Ground glass appearance Thalassemia : Hair on end appearance/Salt pepper effect Sickle cell anaemia : Hair on end appearance Hemangioma : Sun burst appearance and honey comb appearance Eosonophilic granuloma : Floating teeth.
Histological Appearances
Malignant melanoma : Pagetoid manner Junctional nerves : Abtropfung or chopping off effect Central giant cell granuloma : Whorled appearance Multiple myeloma : Cart wheel or checker board pattern Adenoid cystic carcinoma : Cribriform honey comb on swiss cheese pattern Primordial cyst: Picket fence or tomb stone pattern. Familial benign chronic pemphigus: Brick wall effect. Ameloblastoma:
- Histologic forms
- Follicular
- Plexiform
- Acanthomatous
- Granulomatous cell type
- Basal cell type. Garre’s osteomyelitis : Retiform pattern Chronic diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis : Mosaic pattern Pagets disease : Mosaic bone and jig saw puzzle appearance Radicular dentin dysplasia : Lava flowing around boulders Monostotic fibrous dysplasia : ‘C’ shaped or Chinese character shaped. Familial benign chronic pemphigus: Diploidated prick well appearance Lichen planus : Saw tooth appearance Herpes simplex : Balooning degeneration Burkitt’s lymphoma : Starry sky appearance.
Cells And Bodies Associated With Some
Conditions
Russels bodies : Periapical granuloma Rushton bodies : Radicular cyst Target cells and safety pin cells : Thalassemia Tzank cells : Pemphigus, herpes LE cells : Lupus erythematosis. Anitschkow cells : Aphthous ulcer Lipschutz bodies : Herpes Lepra cells : Leprosy Ghost cells : Odantoma
▪ Residual cyst o Neoplastic cysts ▪ Cystic ameloblastoma ▪ Calcified odontogenic cyst
- Non Odontogenic Cyst o Median mandibular cyst o Median palatine cyst o Nasopalatine cyst o Nasolabial cyst o Globulo maxillary cyst
- Pseudocysts o Residual cyst o These cysts do not contain epithelial linings. o Aneurismal bone cyst o Traumatic bone cyst o Static bone cyst/Stafne’s cyst.
- Soft Tissue Cysts o Branchial cysts o Dermoid cyst o Thyroglossal cyst
- Classification of Salivary Gland Tumours WHO classification:
- Epithelial Tumours
- Adenomas o Pleomorphic adenoma o Monomorphic adenomas
- Adenolymphoma (Warthin’s humour)
- Oxyphil adenoma
- Others: o Basal cell adenoma o Clear cell adenoma o Tubular adenoma o Alveolar adenoma o Trabecular adenoma o Canalicular adenoma
- Carcinomas o Mucoepidermoid carcinoma o Acinic cell carcinoma o Adenoid cystic carcinoma o Clear cell carcinoma o Adenocarcinoma o Epidermoid carcinoma o Undifferentiated carcinoma
o Carcinoma of pleomorphic adenoma. Connective tissue tumours:
o Lymphomas o Sarcomas
3. Classification of Pulpal Diseases:
- Pulpitis
- Apical Periodontitis
- Periapical abscess
- Periapical granuloma
- Periodontal cyst
- Osteomyelitis
- Acute
- Chronic
- Focal
- Diffuse
- Periostitis
- Cellulites
- Abscess
- Septicemia, bacteremia 4. Fractures of Teeth:
