Download Q&A for MPCE015 Internship and more Exams Psychopathology in PDF only on Docsity!
Carry ID , Tell exact answers Where did you complete internship Which type of cases you have seen What is depression Causes of depression Types of depression Explain one type of depression Difference between CBT and REBT
- founders of CBT - Aaron Beck, REBT - Albert Ellis REBT (Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy)
- focus on client’s irrational beliefs
- modifying the underlying core belief
- Albert Elis believed that irrational beliefs are responsible for our behavioral and emotional problems/ disturbances. REBT helps the clients to identify the irrational beliefs and think more rationally. This is done by ABCD model proposed by Ellis CBT
- focus of changing the client’s behavior
- Modify client’s current behavior Here are some key differences between CBT and REBT in bullet points: CBT:
- Focuses on the connection between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
- Emphasizes the identification and modification of negative and irrational thoughts.
- Views emotions as a natural response to thoughts and beliefs.
- Encourages clients to challenge and r eplace negative thoughts with more positive and adaptive ones.
- Uses a collaborative and goal-oriented approach to treatment. REBT:
- Emphasizes the role of irrational beliefs in causing emotional distress and maladaptive behavior.
- Identifies three core irrational beliefs: demandingness (rigid expectations), awfulizing (catastrophizing), and low frustration tolerance (inability to tolerate discomfort or frustration).
- Views emotions as largely influenced by irrational beliefs rather than being a direct response to events.
- Encourages clients to challenge an d dispute irrational beliefs and replace them with more rational and adaptive ones.
- Uses a philosophical and confrontational approach to treatment. Overall, while both CBT and REBT share a focus on cognitive processes and aim to help clients develop more adaptive ways of thinking, REBT is more philosophical and confrontational in its approach, while CBT tends to be more collaborative and goal-oriented. Full form of MSE Difference between MSE and case history Affect, Mood, Hallucination, Delusion, Thought process, Thought content, cognition, insight, dissociation, Ethics, Obsessions, dysthymia, dysthymic disorder, SAD, major depressive disorders, Recurrent major depressive disorder, major depressive episode with psychotic features Role of counselor?
- Providing a safe and supportive environment: Counselors
Psychotherapy - refers to special systematic process for helping people to overcome their psychological difficulties such as anxiety, fear, depression etc. ADHD - characterized by difficulties that interfere with effective task oriented behavior in children particularly - impulsivity, excessive motor activity, difficulty sustaining attention Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) - it is a PDD (Pervasive Development Disorder) It is considered to be the result of some structural differences in the brain that are usually evident at birth or become apparent as the child begins to develop Attribution - People’s explanation of a particular event and their response to it Trans cranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)? Genogram - diagram which represents family in form of tree Anxiety - body’s natural response to stress - feeling of fear or apprehension Phobia - excessive fear of specific object, situation, activity Schizophrenia - A disorder that affects a person’s ability to think feel and behave clearly Bipolar disorder - mental disorder that causes shift in mood, energy, activity levels, concentration, and ability to carry out day to day tasks Manic episode in bipolar disorder - common to experience feelings of heightened energy, creativity, euphoria Bipolar 1 disorder
- defined by manic episodes that last at least 7 days or by manic symptoms that are so severe that they require hospitalization Bipolar 2 disorder
- defined by a pattern of depressive episodes and hypomanic episodes but not the full blown episodes that are typical of Bipolar 1 Cyclothymic Disorder (also called cyclothymia) Defined by periods of hypomanic symptoms as well as periods of depressive symptoms lasting for at least 2 years ( 1 yr in children & adolescents) Five Axis of DSM IV
Is there a connection between ADHD and IQ level: There is no clear or consistent relationship between ADHD and IQ. Some studies suggest that individuals with ADHD may have lower IQ scores on average compared to those without ADHD, while others have found no significant differences in IQ scores. It is important to note that IQ tests measure only certain types of cognitive abilities, and do not necessarily capture the full range of abilities that may be relevant for success in life. Additionally, ADHD can affect a person's ability to focus, organize, and complete tasks, which can impact performance on IQ tests. Overall, while there may be some association between ADHD and IQ, it is not a reliable or consistent one. It is also important to remember that intelligence is a complex and multifaceted concept that cannot be fully captured by a single score on an IQ test. explain neurotransmitters. what are the neurotransmitters that cause bipolar disorder Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit signals between neurons (nerve cells) in the brain and other parts of the body. They play a critical role in controlling many functions of the nervous system, including mood, cognition, behavior, and physiological responses such as heart rate, breathing, and digestion. There are several neurotransmitters that are believed to be involved in the development and symptoms of bipolar disorder. These include:
- Serotonin : This neurotransmitter is involved in r egulating mood,
What is relaxation therapy? Relaxation therapy is a type of therapy that aims to reduce stress, anxiety, and tension by promoting a state of relaxation in the body and mind. It can be used as a standalone therapy or as part of a broader treatment plan for mental health conditions such as anxiety disorders, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). There are many different types of relaxation therapy, including:
- Progressive muscle relaxation : This involves tensing and then relaxing different muscle groups in the body, one at a time.
- Autogenic training: This involves visualizing calming and relaxing sensations in the body, such as warmth and heaviness.
- Mindfulness meditation : This involves focusing on the present moment and accepting thoughts and feelings without judgment.
- Guided imagery: This involves visualizing peaceful and calming scenes, such as a beach or a forest.
- Breathing exercises : This involves focusing on breathing and controlling the pace and depth of breaths. Relaxation therapy can be practiced on your own, with the help of audio recordings, or with the guidance of a trained therapist. It can help you learn to manage stress and anxiety in your daily life and promote overall relaxation and wellbeing. What is Paranoid Schizophrenia Paranoid schizophrenia is a type of schizophrenia, a severe mental disorder characterized by abnormal
thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. People with paranoid schizophrenia experience symptoms of psychosis, such as delusions and hallucinations, which can be frightening and distressing. The term "paranoid" in paranoid schizophrenia refers to the type of delusions that are most common in this form of the disorder. People with paranoid schizophrenia often have delusions of persecution, which means they believe that others are out to harm or control them. They may also have delusions of grandeur, which means they believe they have special powers or abilities. In addition to delusions, people with paranoid schizophrenia may also experience hallucinations, which are sensory experiences that are not based on reality. For example, they may hear voices or see things that are not there. Other symptoms of paranoid schizophrenia can include disordered thinking and speech, social withdrawal, and lack of motivation. Treatment for paranoid schizophrenia usually includes a combination of antipsychotic medication and psychotherapy. What are some Behavior modification techniques? Behavior modification techniques are therapeutic techniques used to change or modify unwanted behaviors and encourage positive behaviors. Some common behavior modification techniques include:
- Positive reinforcement: This technique involves providing rewards or positive consequences for desirable behaviors. For example, a teacher may offer a student a sticker or a
Thought process refers to the way in which thoughts are organized and connected. It describes the flow and coherence of thought and how ideas are linked together. In other words, thought process refers to the structure of thought, rather than the content. Thought content, on the other hand, refers to the specific ideas, beliefs, and thoughts that an individual is experiencing or expressing. It refers to the substance of thought, rather than the structure. what do you mean by flight of ideas a symptom where a person's thoughts race rapidly from one idea to the next without any apparent logical connection between them. It's a form of thought disorder that is most commonly associated with bipolar disorder, but it can also occur in other conditions such as schizophrenia. what is the meaning of incoherent thoughts When a person's thoughts are incoherent, they may jump from one topic to another without any apparent connection or may include irrelevant or nonsensical information. They may also have difficulty expressing themselves in a way that is understandable to others. How to differentiate a person with alcohol addiction from a person who consume alcohol
- It affects the person’s day to day functioning-> Neglecting other activities or responsibilities in favor of drinking
- Spending a significant amount of time using, obtaining,
or recovering from the substance's effects
- Drinking alcohol despite negative consequences, such as relationship problems, legal issues, or health problems
- Developing a tolerance to alcohol, meaning that they need to consume more alcohol to achieve the desired effect -Experiencing withdrawal symptoms, such as tremors, sweating, or anxiety, when attempting to stop or cut down on drinking
