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JAIN (Deemed-to-be University) DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY ASSIGNMENT ON The Stanford Prison Experiment and Ethical Standards in Psychological Research Submitted to Dr. Nidhi Roy Choudhary Assistant professor Department of Psychology Submitted by Kailasa vaishnavi CPSY 2021
In the 1960s, psychologist Stanley Milgram conducted a series of studies on the concepts of obedience and authority. His
experiments involved instructing study participants to deliver increasingly high-voltage shocks to an actor in another room, who would scream and eventually go silent as the shocks became stronger. The shocks weren't real, but study participants were made to believe that they were. In 1971, psychologist Philip Zimbardo and his colleagues set out to create an experiment that looked at the impact of becoming a prisoner or prison guard. Known as the Stanford Prison Experiment, the study went on to become one of the best- known (and controversial) in psychology's history. The study has long been a staple in textbooks, articles, psychology classes, and even movies, but recent criticisms have called the study's scientific merits and value into question. THE MILGRAM SHOCK EXPERIMENT In the most well-known version of Stanley Milgram's experiment, the 40 male participants were told that the experiment focused on the relationship between punishment, learning, and memory. The experimenter then introduced each participant to a second individual, explaining that this second
until the 330-volt level, at which point he would stop
During this process, whenever participants expressed hesitation about continuing with the study, the experimenter would urge them to go on with increasingly firm instructions, culminating in the statement, "You have no other choice, you must go on." The study ended when participants refused to obey the experimenter’s demand, or when they gave the learner the highest level of shock on the machine. Milgram found that participants obeyed the experimenter at an unexpectedly high rate: 65% of the participants gave the
Zimbardo was interested in expanding upon Milgram's research. He wanted to further investigate the impact of situational variables on human behavior. The researchers wondered if physically and psychologically healthy people who knew they were participating in an experiment would change their behavior in a prison-like setting.
The researchers set up a mock prison in the basement of Stanford University's psychology building. They selected 24 undergraduate students to play the roles of both prisoners and guards. The participants were chosen from a larger group of 70 volunteers because they had no criminal background, lacked psychological issues, and had no significant medical conditions. The volunteers agreed to participate during a one to two-week period in exchange for $15 a day. The simulated prison included three six-by-nine-foot prison cells. Each cell held three prisoners and included three cots. Other rooms across from the cells were utilized for the jail guards and warden. One tiny space was designated as the solitary confinement room, and yet another small room served as the prison yard. The 24 volunteers were then randomly assigned to either the prisoner group or the guard group. Prisoners were to remain in the mock prison 24 hours a day during the study.
the social roles they are expected to play, especially if the roles are as strongly stereotyped as those of the prison guards. Because the guards were placed in a position of authority, they began to act in ways they would not usually behave in their normal lives. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ETHICS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH Research ethics are important for a number of reasons. They promote the aims of research, such as expanding knowledge. They support the values required for collaborative work, such as mutual respect and fairness. This is essential because scientific research depends on collaboration between researchers and groups. Deception – the participants actually believed they were shocking a real person and were unaware the learner was a confederate of Milgram's. However, Milgram argued that “illusion is used when necessary in order to set the stage for the revelation of certain difficult- to-get-at-truths.”
Protection of participants - Participants were exposed to extremely stressful situations that may have the potential to cause psychological harm. Many of the participants were visibly distressed. The Stanford Prison Experiment is frequently cited as an example of unethical research. The experiment could not be replicated by researchers today because it fails to meet the standards established by numerous ethical codes, including the Ethics Code of the American Psychological Association. REFERENCES https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F4txhN13y6A https://www.simplypsychology.org/milgram.html https://www.verywellmind.com/the-stanford-prison- experiment- https://www.skillsyouneed.com/learn/research-ethics.html
