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Psych test 4 Tulane Rollins Newest
Update 2025-2026. Questions & Correct
Answers. Graded A
According to Alfred Adler, why do we struggle for superiority and power? – ANS to conquer our feeling of inferiority as child or younger According to the Eysencks, upon what biological factors were these trait dimensions based? – ANS Nervous system arousal level Are people on antidepressants happy all of the time? - ANSNo, they prevent prolonged depression How are psychological disorders related to poverty? - ANSpoverty increase the possibility of psychological disorders; twice the rate How can groupthink be avoided? - ANSdesignate a devils advocate and allow for anonymous comments and interact with outside people How common are psychological disorders in the United States? When do they typically appear? - ANS1/2 meet one of the criteria; before the age of 25 How did Freud attempt to access the unconscious mind? - ANSThrough dream How do introverts and extraverts tend to differ? - ANSIntroverts have high arousal level, greater physiological reaction for stimuli How do neuroleptics/antipsychotics affect dopamine - ANSthey are dopamine antagonists
How do the id, ego, and superego relate to the iceberg analogy used by Freud? - ANSThe personality we show is only a small portion of our whole How do these phenomena contribute to prejudice? - ANSWe tend to categorize people, believing that people are similar when they are not like me How does depression relate to the self-serving bias and realism? - ANSLow self-serving bias, high realistic ideas lead to depression How does love tend to change over the course of time (in terms of passionate and companionate love)? - ANSLove form changes from passionate to companionate love How does the biopsychosocial model explain psychological disorder? - ANSPsychological disorder is affected by biological, psychological, and social influences How does the case of Kitty Genovese relate to the bystander effect - ANSA lot of people heard her needing help, but didn't do anything How does the diathesis-stress model explain psychological disorders? - ANSDiathesis means predisposition or vulnerability; emphasize the impact of stress and biological factors How does the unconscious relate to psychological disorder in Freud's theory? - ANSFreud believed that this unconscious desire result in physical symptoms How is prejudice a legitimizing ideology? - ANSIt justifies and maintains inequalities by suggesting and believing some people are not as capable or worthy How is psychological disorder defined? - ANSOngoing patterns of thoughts, emotion, behavior that impair functioning, deviate from the norm
What are Freud's psychosexual stages of development and what happens during each? - ANSOral stage: mouth, too early breastfeeding stop, gain pleasure by biting, chewing, sucking Anal stage: anus, too early potty training, gain pleasure by holding or expelling Phallic stage: genitals, especially clitoris and penis Latency period: no erogenous zone nothing Genitals stage: genitals, gain pleasure from penis and vagina What are Hallucinations? - ANSperception without sensory input (auditory) What are implicit attitudes? - ANSattitudes that influence a person's feelings and behavior at an unconscious level What are mirror-image perceptions? - ANStwo opposite parties view each other as devil and not good while viewing themselves good What are mood stabilizers (such as lithium) and what do they treat? - ANSBipolar disporder; anticonvulsants plus antidepressants What are neuroleptics/antipsychotics (Haldol, Thorazine, Risperdal) used to treat? - ANSSchizophrenia What are obsessions and compulsions and how do they relate to each other? - ANSAnxiety created by obsession results in compulsive behavior What are overt attitudes? - ANSAttitudes that we are aware of What are projective personality tests? - ANSGive vague, ambiguous stimuli and ask people to interpret such as inkblot, TAT What are situational/external attributions? - ANSAttributions based on circumstances or environment
What are social scripts and how might the scripts provided by the media influence sexual and/or aggressive behavior? - ANSsocial scripts are modeled situational scenes often viewed in media that people follow when they are put in unfamiliar situation What are some biological and psychological factors involved in anxiety disorders? - ANSGenetic predisposition, sensitive and overactive nervous system, neurotransmitter imbalance (serotonin, glutamate) What are some of the biological, psychological, and social factors involved in depression? - ANSNeurotransmitters (norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine), increased stress response, low self-esteem, low self-efficacy, external local of control What are some other factors involved in helping? - ANSSomeone that we know, good mood, costs and benefits, need is clear, similar to us What are some phenomena that contribute to prejudice as discussed in class - ANSillusory correlations, confirmation bias, in-group favoritism, learning, scapegoating, social inequalities, just world phenomenon, hindsight bias, blaming the victim, ignorance of ones own privilege What are some techniques used in cognitive therapies? - ANSpick out negative and state positive What are SSRI's (such as Prozac, Zoloft) and how do they work? - ANSBinds with serotonin receptors What are stereotypes? - ANSOvergeneralized belief of a group based on the false assumption that all members are same What are the anxiety disorders we covered? - ANSPanic disorder: sudden panic attacks, anxiety recurrence, "agoraphobic" Phobia: irrational, excessive fear out of proportion to threat social anxiety: fear of other's judgement or negative judgement
What are the symptoms and features of MDD? - ANSAnhedonia, loss of appetite, insomnia, guilt What are the symptoms of mania? - ANSHighly agitated emotional state (cognitive, emotional, behavioral) What are the symptoms of schizophrenia? - ANSHallucination Delusion Psychosis loose association flat affect What are the two main types of treatment for psychological disorders? - ANSBiomedical/ psychotherapy What characterizes personality disorders? - ANSInterpersonal lack, threat to public-well being What disorders are antidepressants used to treat? - ANSdepression, anxiety, OCD, PTSD What do laboratory experiments indicate regarding the effects of exposure to pornography? - ANSwhether the pornography includes violence scene or not, the sexual aggression increases What do measures of implicit attitudes reveal about prejudice? - ANSwe are very much prejudiced than we think we are What does Rogers' person-centered perspective indicate? - ANSWe are able to grow and fulfill self actualization What does the GRIT strategy entail? - ANSoften used for international tension; find mutual interest and initiates one small action conciliatory acts
What factors make a person more vulnerable to acquiring PTSD? - ANSMore sensitive nervous system What factors may be involved in the development of schizophrenia as covered in class? - ANSPrenatal development, genetic disposition, dopamine overactivity, glutamate underactivity What factors predict outcome (prognosis) for schizophrenia? - ANSEpisodic/ positive symptoms What factors promote or inhibit growth according to Rogers' person- centered perspective? - ANSPeople need Genuineness, Empathy, and Acceptance (both conditional and unconditional love) to fulfill What happened in Milgram's standard obedience study? - ANSMany participants went all the way to give electric shock to the student What happened in the Asch conformity studies? - ANSpeople are saying the wrong answers, following the group tendency even though they know that it's wrong What happened in the Festinger & Carlsmith study - ANSDoing can make them believe; $1 have low justification and high dissonance; $20 high justification and low dissonance What happened in the Zimbardo prison study (aka Stanford prison experiment)? What is the main lesson of this study? - ANSPeople were swallowed by the role play; situations can have powerful impact on our behavior What is abnormal psychology? - ANSPsychology that is not normal compared to others What is antisocial personality disorder? - ANSPsychopath, sociopath pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others
What is epigenetics? - ANSthe study of how the environment affects which genes are expressed What is exposure with response prevention (flooding)? - ANSMake patients aware that the fear is harmless What is fixation? - ANSFocus on the erogenous zone What is Gray's biopsychological theory? - ANSPersonality is defined by BAS/ BIS What is group polarization? - ANSthe enhancement of prevailing opinion within a like-minded group through discussions What is groupthink? - ANSGroup making decisions that are unrealistic due to group dynamics What is learned helplessness and how does it relate to the concept of personal control? - ANSTendency to give up taking control when previous effort was not taken place, we stop trying What is loose association? - ANSThought disorder characterized by frequent shifts between ideas or subjects. -tendency for one though to be unconnected to another What is major depressive disorder? - ANSSadness, hopelessness, that interfere with life for more than 2 weeks What is meant by internal and external locus of control - ANSInternal: we are in control, confident External: loss of control, helplessness What is obedience? - ANSAgreeing to demand from authority What is obsessive-compulsive disorder? - ANSObsession of thought, compulsion of urges; persistent thought of doing something repetitive
What is personality? - ANSCharacteristics, patterns of thinking, feeling, or acting that we have that is different from all people What is posttraumatic stress disorder? - ANSDisorder people get after traumatic event What is prejudice? - ANSNegative judgement based on a group membership/ stereotype What is psychopathology? - ANSStudy of mental illness/ mental distress What is psychosis? - ANSa psychological disorder in which a person loses contact with reality, experiencing irrational ideas and distorted perceptions What is repression? - ANSMost common defense mechanism; repel one's desires and impulses toward pleasure What is Rotter's expectancy theory (of personal control)? - ANSWe behave according to our expectations What is schizophrenia? - ANSsplit mind, out of touch with reality, usually shows up 18- What is social loafing? - ANStendency to not put as much effort in a group setting What is social psychology? - ANSSocial psychology is how we think about, influence, and relate to one another; situational influences What is systematic desensitization? - ANSSlowly expose to the fear with relaxation techniques What is tardive diskenesia? - ANSUncontrollable skin movement
What is the frustration-aggression principle? - ANSfrustration often creates anger which then leads to aggressive behavior What is the fundamental attribution error? Why does it occur? - ANSTendency to overestimate internal attributions and underestimate external attributions What is the general focus and goal of behavior therapy? - ANSTo overcome their fear or anxiety by exposure; to extinguish undesirable behavior What is the id? - ANSPersonality that you are born with, pleasure principle, immediate reward What is the main focus of psychodynamic therapy - ANSfocus on their past life to evaluate the current life (social relationship, recurring themes, self- understanding) What is the main goal of the cognitive therapies? - ANSChange maladaptive pattern of thought- change in negative thinking What is the main premise of the humanistic approach? - ANSWe are all good from born; all driven by innate to fulfill potential or self-actualization What is the mere-exposure effect? - ANSexposure to any stimulus produces a liking What is the NEO-PI-R? The MMPI? - ANSNEO personality inventory revised- personality, success, social status Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory: psychological disorders What is the Oedipus complex? - ANSa boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father. envy dad of bigger penis, scared if his will be cut off
What is the psychodynamic approach? - ANSRelate past experience with present behavior; more emphasis on conscious mind What is the purpose of factor analysis in the trait approach? - ANSMathematical procedure to identify clusters What is the relationship between self-esteem and aggressive behavior? - ANSHigher self-esteem result in more aggressive behavior, especially when someone whom you think inferior makes negative comment on you What is the self-serving bias? - ANSWe often think of ourselves well, we are better than average What is the social-cognitive approach? - ANSPersonality affected by thinking, feeling, behavior What is the spotlight effect? - ANSwe overestimate that people noticing our appearance, judgement of us as if there is spotlight shed on us What is the superego? - ANSConscience, social expectation, morality principle, do right and good thing What is the unconscious? - ANSthoughts, feelings, wishes, memories, desires below conscious awareness What traits make up the Big Five model of personality? - ANSExtraversion, Openness, Neuroticism, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness What was Freud's theory called? - ANSpsychoanalytic theory What was the first psychotherapy and who developed it? - ANSPsychoanalytic, Freud What was the main conclusion of Milgram's studies? - ANSPeople are very obedient; when put in situations, very average people can do bad things
