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Process Calculations in Chemical engineering Lecture notes, Lecture notes of Process Control

SASTRA UniversityProcess Control

Process Calculations Lecture notes in Chemical engineering

Typology: Lecture notes

2021/2022

Available from 08/30/2023

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Progress Through Quality Education
1
Material balance on Unit Operations
Absorption:
Absorber
- Separation of solute from its gas mixture with suitable liquid solvent
lean gas Solvent
Gas mixture Enriched solvent
- Separation of NH3 from coke-oven gas using water
- Separation of benzene and toluene vapors from
coke- oven gas using an oil
- Separation of CO2using monoethanol amine
solution
- Separation of H2S from naturally occurring
hydrocarbon gas using alkali solution
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Absorption:

Absorber

  • Separation of solute from its gas mixture with suitable liquid solvent lean gas (^) Solvent Gas mixture Enriched solvent
  • Separation of NH 3 from coke-oven gas using water
  • Separation of benzene and toluene vapors from coke- oven gas using an oil
  • Separation of CO 2 using monoethanol amine solution
  • Separation of H 2 S from naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas using alkali solution
  1. A gas mixture containing 15 mol% A and 85 mol% inerts is fed to an absorption tower, where it is contacted with liquid solvent(B) which absorbs(A). The mole ratio of solvent to gas entering tower is 2:1. The gas leaving the absorber contains 2.5% A, 1.5% B and rest inerts on mole basis. Calculate (a) the % recovery of solute(A) (b) the molar ratio of solvent fed to solvent in gas leaving.

Properties of air-water vapor system:

(i) Molal humidity (Hm) = PA/ (P-PA) kmol / kmol (ii) Absolute humidity (H) = Hm (MA/MB) kg / kg Saturation:

  • The equilibrium stage at which the air is saturated with water vapor where the pressure exerted by water vapor becomes equal to the vapor pressure of water at the given temperature of air-water vapor mixture. (iii) Molal saturation humidity (Hms) = PS/(P-PS) (iv) Mass saturation humidity (HS) = Hms (MA/MB) (v) % Humidity (%H) = (Hm / Hms) 100 OR = (H / HS) 100

Properties of air-water vapor system:

(vi) % Relative humidity / Relative saturation (RH) = (PA / PS) 100 (vii) Dry bulb temperature (DBT-TG): The temp of air-water vapor mixture is measured by immersing the thermometer (viii) Wet bulb temperature (WBT – Tw): It is the steady state temp attained by a small amount of liquid evaporating into a large amount of unsaturated vapor-air mixture. (ix) Humid heat (Cs): Cs = CB + CA H Energy necessary to increase the temperature of one kg of dry air plus whatever water vapor it contains by one o C. Cs = 1.005 + 1.884 H, kJ/kg o C Cs = 0.24 + 0.45 H, kcal/kg o C