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PRITE NEUROSCIENCE EXAM WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS!!
60 y/o right-handed M, getting lost, only writes on right half of paper. Left-sided hemi-neglect. Where is the lesion? (8x) - ANSWER RIGHT PARIETAL LOBE
66 y/o with HTN develops vertigo, diplopia, nausea, vomiting, hiccups, L face numbness, nystagmus, hoarseness, ataxia of limbs, staggering gait, and tendency to fall to the left. Dx? (8x) - ANSWER LATERAL MEDULLARY STROKE
78 y/o pt had an ischemic stroke that left him with a residual mild hemiplegia. Pt appeared to be unaware that there was a problem of weakness on one side of this body. When asked to raise the weak arm, the patient raised his normal arm. When the failure to raise the paralyzed arm was pointed out to pt, he admitted that the arm was slightly weak. He also neglects the side of the body when dressing and grooming. Pt did not shave one side of his face, had difficulty putting a shirt on when it was turned inside out. Area of brain likely affected by stroke? (4x) - ANSWER RIGHT PARIETAL LOBE
26 y.o. w/HA and R-hand clumsiness for weeks. Exam shows difficulty w/rapid alternating movements of hand, overt intention tremor on finger-to-nose, and mildly dysmetric finger tamping. CNS intact and no papilledema. Where will damage show on MRI? (4x) - ANSWER CEREBELLUM
Previously pleasant mom becomes profane and irresponsible over 6 months. Most likely a pathology in: (2x) - ANSWER FRONTAL LOBE
Rapid onset of right facial weakness, left limb weakness, diplopia: (2x) - ANSWER BRAIN STEM INFARCTION
MRI scan of head reveals an infarct in distribution of left anterior cerebral artery. Pt most likely exhibits: (2x) - ANSWER WEAKNESS OF CONTRALATERAL FOOT AND LEG
Amnesia preceded by epigastric sensation/fear is associated with electrical abnormalities where? - ANSWER TEMPORAL LOBE
Pt w/ sudden onset of L hemiparesis, L homonymous hemianopsia, tendency to gaze to right, and neglect left sided stimuli are deficits most likely result of occlusion of: - ANSWER RIGHT MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY
65 y/o w/ hx of HTN, Meniere's with sudden vertigo, N/V, worse with head movement, R beating nystagmus on lateral gaze, finger to nose testing is ataxic, poor balance and dysarthria. Dx - ANSWER CEREBELLAR INFARCT
Lower facial weakness w/ relative sparing of forehead, stroke in? - ANSWER INTERNAL CAPSULE
Higher frequency & greater severity of depression associated w/ cortical & subcortical strokes: - ANSWER LEFT ANTERIOR FRONTAL
58 y/o s/p CABG - anomia for fingers and body parts, errors involving right and left, inability to write thoughts/take notes/make calculations. Fluent speech and excellent comprehension - ANSWER LEFT MEDIAL TEMPORAL STROKE
Visual disturbances associated with occlusion of the right posterior cerebral artery? - ANSWER LEFT HOMONYMOUS HEMIANOPSIA
65 y/o w/ HTN collapsed. In ED is stuporous, R hemiparesis + hemisensory deficit, eyes deviate to L. CT would show intraparenchymal hemorrhage in: - ANSWER LEFT BASAL GANGLIA
Atrophy of right temporal lobe on cross section associated with occlusion of: - ANSWER MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY
Bilateral lower extremity weakness, abulia, mutism, urinary incontinence are most likely to result from occlusion of which of the following arteries? - ANSWER Anterior cerebral
Pure sensory deficit extending to midline and involving face, arm, trunk, and leg caused by lacunar infarct where? - ANSWER LATERAL THALAMUS
Blocking R PCA (posterior cerebral artery) causes which visual disturbance? - ANSWER LEFT HOMONYMOUS HEMIANOPSIA
The clinical syndrome associated with occlusion of the cortical branch of the posterior cerebral artery would result in which of the following? - ANSWER HOMONYMOUS HEMIANOPIA WITH ALEXIA WITHOUT AGRAPHIA
28 y/o cocaine user complains of LBP, numbness in both legs and feet, thighs, buttocks, abdomen, and says R leg is weak and clumsy, L leg is tired. Has urinary incontinence and difficulty walking. Decreased light touch, pinprick, and temperature. Normal vibration and proprioception. DTR is hard to elicit. Muscle tone is normal. Decreased strength in B/L LE but worse on right. Diagnosis? - ANSWER ANTERIOR SPINAL ARTERY INFARCTION
Loss of ability to execute previously learned motor activities (which is not the result of demonstrable weakness, ataxia or sensory loss) is associated with lesions of? - ANSWER LEFT PARIETAL CORTEX
Normal Romberg w/ eyes open but loses balance with eyes closed. Where is the abnormality? - ANSWER CEREBELLAR VERMIS
Motor speech paradigm activation task on fMRI - hyperactivity in right temporal lobe. Damage is where? - ANSWER CALCARINE FISSURE
Aphasia w/ effortful fragmented, non-fluent, telegraphic speech, is seen in a lesion where? - ANSWER POSTERIOR FRONTAL LOBE
A pituitary tumor that protrudes through the diaphragmatic sella is most likely to cause?
- ANSWER BITEMPORAL HEMIANOPSIA
Conduction aphasia often occurs as a result of damage to which structure? - ANSWER ARCUATE FASCICULUS
Unilateral hearing loss, vertigo, unsteadiness, falls, headaches, mild facial weakness and ipsilateral limb ataxia is most commonly associated with tumors in what locations? - ANSWER CEREBELLOPONTINE ANGLE
20 y/o with 1-year h/o bitemporal headaches, polydipsia, polyuria, and bulimia plus 2-month h/o emotional outbursts, aggression, and transient confusion. Neuro exam normal. What will MRI of brain show? - ANSWER HYPOTHALAMIC TUMOR
34 y/o M is referred for psychiatric evaluation 5 years after sustaining a head injury at work. Prior to the accident, he was a stable, happily married man. Since the accident, he has been described as overly talkative and restless. His wife divorced him because he was acting irresponsibly, which also resulted in termination from his job. Psychometric testing reveals that the man has average intelligence and no detectable memory deficits. Pt's clinical presentation is most consistent with damage to which to the following brain areas? - ANSWER FRONTAL LOBE
Pt reports headaches and peripheral visual loss. Visual field defects involving the temporal fields of both eyes are detected. An MRI scan is likely to reveal? - ANSWER A MASS IN THE SELLA TURCICA
Unconsciousness can be induced by a small area of damage where? - ANSWER RETICULAR FORMATION
Acute onset of hemiballismus of LUE & LLE. MRI is most likely to show lesion located where? - ANSWER SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS
Akinetic mutism can result from bilateral infarctions of which of the following structures:
- ANSWER ANTERIOR CINGULATE GYRUS
Neural plasticity largely mediated through the capacity to rapidly change in number and morphology - ANSWER DENDRITIC SPINES
The uncinated fasciculus connects which of the following brain areas? - ANSWER ANTERIOR TEMPORAL AND VENTRAL PRE-FRONTAL REGIONS
What are the cortical columns? - ANSWER FUNCTIONAL UNITS FOR INFORMATION PROCESSING
Abnormal emotional expressions such as pathological laughter or crying caused by lesions affecting corticalsubcortical circuits linking frontal cortex, pons and what? - ANSWER CEREBELLUM
Exposure to light effects which brain structure? - ANSWER SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS
When does synaptogenesis peak? - ANSWER FIRST 4 YEARS OF LIFE
Where does the neuron morphology in the brain change the most? - ANSWER PREFRONTAL CORTEX
threatening objects produce startle response prior to person becoming consciously aware. Connection of thalamus to what? - ANSWER AMYGDALA
Huntington's disease characterized by loss of neurons producing which NT - ANSWER GABA
Adult neurogenesis in which area of the brain? (2x) - ANSWER HIPPOCAMPUS
17y/o is evaluated for binge eating associated with a 60 lb weight gain over the past four
months. CT shows a craniopharyngioma that likely disrupts what structure? - ANSWER VENTROMEDIAL HYPOTHALAMUS
What is an accurate statement about the brain's default mode network? - ANSWER IS INVOLVED IN REPROCESSING PREVIOUSLY EXPERIENCED STIMULI
The most likely reason that adults are superior to adolescents in abstract thinking. The brain undergoes: - ANSWER SYNAPTIC PRUNING
Dorsal-lateral-pre-frontal cortex plays important role in what activity? - ANSWER WORKING MEMORY
Drug abuse activates neuro circuits. Generates signals in the ventral tegmental area and to where? - ANSWER DOPAMINE INTO THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS
Ninety-five percent of right-handed people develop left hemispheric dominance for language. What percentage of left handed people develop left hemispheric dominance for language? - ANSWER 75%
DA release in what structure represents common final event assoc w reinforcing effects of opiates, cocaine, amphetamines, nicotine, PCP, and alcohol? (3x) - ANSWER NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS
Neurotransmitter that changes in the CSF of pts with IED: - ANSWER SEROTONIN
What area of the body has the most serotonin? - ANSWER GI TRACT
What neurotransmitters has been associated with anxiety? - ANSWER NOREPINEPHRINE
Positive allosteric modulators of neurotransmitter-gated, multimeric ion channels do
Which is a retrograde neurotransmitter? - ANSWER ENDOCANNABINOIDS
Characteristics of Ach receptors in cerebral cortex - ANSWER BOTH INHIBITORY AND EXCITATORY
Neurohormone for social bonding - ANSWER OXYTOCIN
Neurotransmitter from responsible for rewarding nature of drug abuse - ANSWER DOPAMINE
Role of glycine at NMDA receptor - ANSWER OBLIGATE COAGONIST
Low CSF levels of this neurotransmitter metabolites is associated with suicidality? - ANSWER 5-HYDROXYINDOLE ACETIC ACID (5-HIAA)
What is the 5HT3 receptor classification? - ANSWER LIGAND GATED
Pain by neurogenic inflammation mediated by? - ANSWER SUBSTANCE P
Decreased level of what NT is most associated with depressed mood, poor sleep, and poor impulse control - ANSWER SEROTONIN
Psych stress increases cortisol and prolonged cortisol is associated with bad outcomes. Stress also affects other hormones. Increase in which hormone is correlated with decreased PTSD severity most likely due to hormone's anti-glucocorticoid properties: - ANSWER DHEA
Neurogenesis in adult brain is restricted to what region of the brain? - ANSWER DENTATE GYRUS
Bipolar disorder has decreased connectivity here - ANSWER AMYGDALA AND PFC
Brain area activated by subliminal presentations of emotional faces - ANSWER AMYGDALA
CNS region containing dopaminergic neurons projecting to caudate and putamen - ANSWER SUBSTANTIA NIGRA
Area of brain responsible for face recognition - ANSWER FUSIFORM GYRUS
Area of brain to remember a number to make a phone call - ANSWER DORSOLATERAL PFC
Which part of cortical-striatal-pallidal-thalamic cortical circuit evaluates painful stimuli - ANSWER LATERAL ORBITOFRONTAL
The dorsolateral-prefrontal cortex, striatum, and ___ are part of a loop circuit that produces worry and obsessive symptoms - ANSWER THALAMUS
The blood brain barrier is made up of what kind of cells - ANSWER ENDOTHELIAL
Orexin is made in what part of the brain? - ANSWER HYPTHALAMUS
Dopamine neurons in what system are primarily implicated in tasks related to cognitive processing? - ANSWER MESOCORTICAL
In a patient with hippocampus damage, what allows them to still learn new skills like playing tennis - ANSWER BASAL GANGLIA
Which cell types secretes innate proinfammatory cytokines TNF - alpha and Il -1 B in pts
