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Assignment for power system analysis.
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POWER SYSTEMS ANALYSIS (EE601PC)
COURSE PLANNER
The main objective of this subject is to understand and to know the following concepts:
To understand and develop Y BUS
and Z BUS
To know the importance of load flow studies and its importance.
To analyse various types of short circuits.
To know rotor angle stability of power systems.
The knowledge of following subjects is essential to understand this subject:
▪ Power Systems – I.
▪ Power Systems – II.
▪ Basic concepts about synchronous machines.
▪ Knowledge in Mathematics.
S.No Description Bloom’s Taxonomy Level
1 Understand basic concepts about graph theory
Knowledge, Understand
(Level 1, Level 2)
2 Develop the YBUS and ZBUS matrices Applying (Level 3)
Analyze load flow for various requirements of the power
system
Applying, Analyzing
(Level 3, Level 4)
Analyze short circuit studies for the protection of power
system
Analyzing, Evaluating
(Level 4, Level 5)
5 Estimate stability and instability in power systems
Analyzing, Evaluating
(Level 4, Level 5)
Program Outcomes (PO) Level
Proficiency
assessed by
Engineering Knowledge: Apply the knowledge of
mathematics, science, engineering fundamentals, and an
engineering specialization to the solution of complex
engineering problems.
3 Assignments
documentation, make effective presentations, and give
and receive clear
instructions.
Project Management and Finance: Demonstrate
knowledge and understanding of the engineering and
management principles and apply these to one’s own
work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage
projects and in multidisciplinary environments.
Life-long Learning: Recognize the need for, and have
the preparation and ability to engage in independent and
life-long learning in the broadest context of
technological change.
3 Research
1: Slight (Low) 2: Moderate (Medium) 3: Substantial (High) - : None
Program Specific Outcomes (PSO) Level
Proficiency
assessed by
Talented to analyze, design, and implement electrical &
electronics systems and deal with the rapid pace of
industrial innovations and developments.
Lectures,
Assignments
Skillful to use application and control techniques for
research and advanced studies in Electrical &
Electronics Engineering domain.
Lectures,
Assignments
1: Slight (Low) 2: Moderate (Medium) 3: Substantial (High) - : None
JNTUH SYLLABUS
UNITI – Power System Network Matrices
Graph Theory: Definitions and Relevant concepts inGraph Theory, Network Matrices.
TransmissionNetwork Representations: Bus Admittanceframe and Bus Impedance frame. Formation of
Y Bus
: Direct and Singular TransformationMethods, Numerical Problems. Formation of Z Bus
: Modification
of existing Z Bus
Matrix foraddition of a new branch, & complete Z Bus
building algorithm Numerical
Problems.
UNITII – Power Flow Studies – I
Introduction: Necessity of Power Flow Studies, Bus classificationand Notations, Convergence & Bus
mismatch criteria. Load Flow Methods: Gauss-SeidalMethod in complex form without & with voltage
control buses, line flows and losscalculations, Newton Raphson method in Polar and Rectangular form,
derivation of Jacobianelements, Numerical Problems for one or two iterations.
UNITIII – Power Flow Studies – II
Introduction to sensitivity & decoupled sub matrices of J-matrix,Decoupled load flow method and its
assumptions, Fast Decoupled load method and itsassumptions, Comparison of Different Methods – DC
load Flow method, Numericalproblems for one or two iterations.
UNIT IV – Short Circuit Analysis
Per-Unit Systems. Per-Unit equivalent reactance network of a three phase Power System, Numerical
Problems. Symmetrical fault Analysis: Short Circuit Current and MVA Calculations, Fault levels,
Application of Series Reactors, Numerical Problems. Symmetrical Components, sequence impedances
and networks, Numerical Problems. Unsymmetrical Fault Analysis: Fault current calculations for LG, LL,
LLG faults with and without fault impedance, Numerical Problems.
UNIT V – Power System Stability Analysis
Introduction to Power System Stability issues. Rotordynamics & Swing equation, Power angle equation
with & without neglecting line resistance,Steady State Stability, Determination of Transient Stability
through Equal Area Criterion forsingle machine infinite system, Critical clearing angle & time, Numerical
problems. Multimachine transient analysis: Classicalrepresentation of system and its assumptions,
Solutionof Swing Equation by Point-by-Point Method, Methods to improve Stability.
Power generation concepts, ac and dc transmission concepts, Models and performanceof transmission
lines and cables, Series and shunt compensation, Electric field distributionand insulators, Distribution
systems, Per‐unit quantities,Bus admittance matrix, Gauss-Seidel and Newton-Raphson load flow
methods, Voltage and Frequency control, Powerfactor correction, Symmetrical components, Symmetrical
and unsymmetrical faultanalysis, Principles of over‐current, differential and distance protection; Circuit
breakers,System stability concepts, Equal area criterion.
Basic power generation concepts, steam, gas and water turbines, transmission line models and
performance, cable performance, insulation, corona and radio interference, power factor correction,
symmetrical components, fault analysis, principles of protection systems, basics of solid state relays and
digital protection; Circuit breakers, Radial and ring-main distribution systems,
Matrix representation of power systems, load flow analysis, voltage control and economic operation,
System stability concepts, Swing curves and equal area criterion. HVDC transmission and FACTS
concepts, Concepts of power system dynamics, distributed generation, solar and wind power, smart grid
concepts, environmental implications, fundamentals of power economics.
SUGGESTED BOOKS:
TEXT BOOKS:
Formation of Z BUS
: Addition of a
new branch
Complete Z BUS
building
algorithm
Understanding the
concept of Z BUS
building
algorithm
14 Numerical Problems
Applying the concepts to
solve the problems
Revision and Problems on Unit
Overview
16 Mock Test – I
Testing students’ knowledge that
how much they have learned
UNIT II – Power Flow Studies – I
Introduction: Necessity of Power
Flow Studies
Understanding the
concept of power flow
studies
Bus classification and Notations
Gathering the knowledge
about bus classification
Convergence & Bus mismatch
criteria
Gathering the knowledge
about convergence and bus
mismatch criteria
20 Tutorial / Bridge Class # 1 To clarify the doubts
Load Flow Methods: Gauss-Seidal
Method in complex form without
voltage control buses
To Understand and Gain
the knowledge about
Gauss-Seidal load flow
method
Load Flow Methods: Gauss-Seidal
Method in complex form with
voltage control buses
To Understand and Gain
the knowledge about
Gauss-Seidal load flow
method
26 Line flows and loss calculations
To Get the Knowledge
about line flows and loss
calculations
Newton Raphson method in Polar
and Rectangular form
To Get the Knowledge
about Newton Raphson
method in both forms
29 Derivation of Jacobian elements
To Apply the Knowledge
to derive the Jacobian
elements
30 More numerical problems on power To Apply the Knowledge T1, T2,
flow studies to solve the problems R2, R
32 Revision and Problems on Unit II Overview
33 Tutorial / Bridge Class # 2 To clarify the doubts
UNIT III – Power Flow Studies – II
Introduction to sensitivity &
decoupled sub matrices of J-matrix
To Understand the
concept of sensitivity &
decoupled sub matrices of
J-matrix
I Mid Examinations (Week 9)
Decoupled load flow method and its
assumptions
To Gain the knowledge
about Decoupled load flow
method
Fast Decoupled load method and its
assumptions
To Understand and Gain
the knowledge about Fast
decoupled load flow
method
Fast Decoupled load method and its
assumptions
To Understand and Gain
the knowledge about Fast
decoupled load flow
method
40 Comparison of Different Methods
Compare the different
load flow methods
DC load Flow method
To Know the concept of
DC load flow method
More Numerical Problems
To Apply and Gain the
Knowledge by solving
different problems
45 Tutorial / Bridge Class # 3 To clarify the doubts
UNIT IV – Short Circuit Analysis
Per-Unit Systems
To Understand the
concept of Per-Unit
System
47 Per-Unit equivalent reactance
network of a threephase Power
System
Know about Per-Unit
equivalent representation
49 Symmetrical fault Analysis: Short To Understand and Gain T1, T
clearing angle & time to solve the problems R2, R
Multimachine transient analysis:
Classical representation of system
and its assumptions
To Understand the
concept of Multimachine
transient analysis
Solutionof Swing Equation by Point-
by-Point Method
To Understand and Gain
the knowledge of Swing
Equation
72 Methods to improve Stability
To Know about stability
improvement
Extra
Classes
Tutorial / Bridge Class # 5 To clarify the doubts
Unit I – Unit V: Revision Overview
Contents Beyond the Syllabus: Transient Stability Analysis using different methods
II Mid Examinations (Week 18)
UNIT I
Program Outcomes
Progra
m
Specific
Outcom
es
Long Answer Questions
S.No Question
Blooms
Taxonomy
Level
Course
Outcome
1
For the power system network shown in figure 1, draw
i. Graph ii. Tree iii. Co-Tree iv. Basic loops v. Basic
cut-sets.
Solving 1
2 Explain the incidence matrices: Â, A, B and C Derive 1
3
For the 3-bus system shown in figure, let a new bus (bus no.4)
be added with bus no.2 through a transmission line of
impedance (0.01+j0.3) p.u. Obtain Y bus for the new system?
Solving 2
4
Derive the Y BUS
formation by direct and singular
transformation methods?
Derive 2
5
The bus impedance matrix for a 3-bus system is
j 0.3 j 0.2 j 0.
Derive 2
3
Explain the twig, link, incidence matrix, forward
loop, tree, co tree briefly?
Understand 1
4
What are the advantages of Y BUS
matrix over
Z BUS
Matrix?
Knowledge 2
5
What is the formula to find Y BUS
matrix using
singular transformation method?
Knowledge 2
6
In a graph if there are 8 elements and 5 nodes,
then what is the number of branches?
Understand 1
7
In a graph if there are 4 nodes and 7 elements,
then what is the number of links?
Understand 1
8
What is the dimension of the bus incidence
matrix in terms of number of elements and
number of nodes?
Knowledge 1
9
What are the two different methods of forming
Y BUS
matrix?
Understand 2
10 What is the dimension bus incidence matrix? Understand 1
UNIT II
Long Answer Questions
S.No Question
Blooms
Taxonomy Level
Course
Outcome
1
Explain the Derivation of Static load flow
equations – Load flow solutions using Gauss
Seidel Method?
Derive 3
2
Explain Load flow solution with and without P-V
buses, Algorithm and Flowchart?
Applying 3
3
Explain the advantages and disadvantages of G-
S method?
Applying 3
4 Compare G-S method and N-R methods. Applying 3
5
Explain Newton Raphson Method in
Derive 3
Rectangular and Polar Co-Ordinates Form?
6
Develop load flow equations suitable for
solution by N-R method using rectangular
Coordinates when only PQ buses are present
Derive 3
7
Explain Derivation of Jacobian Elements,
Algorithm and Flowchart?
Derive 3
8
Explain Injected Active and Reactive Powers
(Sample One Iteration only)?
Derive 3
9
Explain finding Line Flows/Losses for the given
Bus Voltages?
Derive 3
Short Answer Questions
S.No Question
Blooms Taxonomy
Level
Course
Outcome
1 Define load bus and slack bus Knowledge 3
2 Write short notes on PQ and PV buses Knowledge 3
3 Which quantities are specified at slack bus? Understand 3
4 Which quantities are specified at load bus? Understand 3
5
What are the disadvantages of the Gauss
Seidel Load Flow Analysis?
Understand 3
6
What is the advantage of using acceleration
factor in Gauss-Seidel load flow method?
Understand 3
7
What are the advantages of conducting power
flow studies?
Understand 3
8
What is the normal value of acceleration factor
used in GS method?
Knowledge 3
9
A 12 bus Power System has three voltage-
controlled buses. The dimensions of the
Jacobean matrix will be?
Knowledge 3
flow method?
6
Write few differences between DLF and FDLF
methods?
Knowledge 3
UNIT IV
Long Answer Questions
S.No Question
Blooms
Taxonomy Level
Course
Outcome
1
Three generators are rated as follows:
Generator 1:100 MVA, 33 kV, and reactance
10%, Generator 2:150 MVA, 32 kV, reactance
8% and Generator 3:110 MVA, 30 KV,
reactance 12%. Determine the reactance of
the generators corresponding to Base values
of 200 MVA and 35 kV.
Solving 4
2
Four bus bar sections have each a generator of
40 MVA 10% reactance and a bus bar reactor
of 8% reactance. Determine the maximum
MVA fed into a fault on any bus bar section
and also the maximum MVA if the numbers of
similar bus bars in Sections are very large.
Solving 4
3
A power plant has two generators of 10 MVA.
15% reactance each and two 5 MVA
generators of 10% reactance paralleled at a
common bus bar from which load is taken
through a number of 4 MVA step up
transformers each having a reactance of 5%.
Determine the short circuit capacity of the
breakers?
Solving 4
4
Explain LG, LL, LLG faults with and without
fault impedance?
Applying 4
5
Explain Positive, Negative and Zero sequence
Networks?
Applying 4
6
A 3 phase, 30 MVA, 6.6kV alternator having
10% reactance is connected through a 30
MVA, 6600/33,000 v delta-star connected
Solving 4
transformer of 5% reactance to a 33 kV
transmission line having a negligible resistance
and a reactance of 4 ohms. At the receiving
end of the line there is a 30 MVA, 33,000/
V Delta-star connected transformer of 5%
reactance stepping down the voltage to 6.
kV. Both the transformers have their neutral
solidly grounded. Draw the one-line diagram
and the positive, negative and zero sequence
networks of this system and Determine the
fault currents for single line grounded fault at
the receiving station L.V. bus bars. For
generator assume negative sequence
reactance as 70% that of positive sequence.
7
Explain Positive, Negative and Zero sequence
components: Voltages, Currents and
Impedances.
Applying 4
8
A three-phase transmission line operating at
33 kV and having a resistance and reactance of
5 ohms and 20 ohms respectively is connected
to the generating station bus bar through a
5,000 kVA step-up transformer which has a
reactance of 6 per cent, which is connected to
the bus bar being supplied by two alternators,
one 10,000 kVA having 10% reactance and
another 5,000 kVA having 7.5% reactance.
Calculate the kVA at a short-circuit fault
between phases occurring?
. At the high voltage terminals of the
transformers.
. At load end of transmission line.
Solving 4
9
A power plant has two generators of 10 MVA.
15% reactance each and two 5 MVA
generators of 10% reactance paralleled at a
common bus bar from which load is taken
through a number of 4 MVA step up
transformers each having a reactance of 5%.
Determine the short circuit capacity of the
Solving 4
12 Write short notes on LL and LLG faults? Understand 4
UNIT V
Long Answer Questions
S.No Question
Blooms
Taxonomy
Level
Course
Outcome
1 Derive and explain of Swing Equation? Applying 5
2
A synchronous generator is operating at
an infinite bus and supplying 45% of its
Peak power capacity. As soon as a fault
occurs, the reactance between the
generator and the line becomes four
times its value before the fault. The
peak power that can be delivered after
the fault is cleared is 70% of the original
maximum value. Determine the critical
clearing angle.
Solving 5
3
A 50 Hz, three-phase synchronous
generator delivers 1.00 p.u. powers to
an infinite Bus bar through a network in
which resistance is negligible. A fault
occurs which reduces the maximum
power transferable to 0.40 p.u. whereas,
before the fault, this power was 1.8 p.u.
and, after the clearance of the fault 1.
p.u. By the use of equal area criterion,
determine the critical angle.
Solving 5
4
Explain Determination of Transient
Stability by Equal Area Criterion and
write Application of Equal Area
Criterion?
Derive 5
5
Explain Solution of Swing Equation:
Point-by-Point Method?
Applying 5
6
Explain about Power Angle Curve and
Determination of Steady State Stability?
Applying 5
7
Explain about steady state stability
power limit and synchronizing power co-
efficient?
Applying 5
8
What is meant by power angle curve and
write its significance.
Applying 5
Short Answer Questions
S.No Question
Blooms Taxonomy
Level
Course
Outcome
1
Define stability, steady state stability, transient
stability and dynamic stability?
Understand 5
2 Derive the swing equation? Applying 5
3
Derive the transient stability by using equal
area criterion?
Applying 5
4
What are the applications of equal area
criterion?
Knowledge 5
5 Define critical clearing angle? Understand 5
6 Define critical clearing time? Understand 5
7 Briefly explain about Power-Angle curve? Knowledge 5
8 What are the methods to improve stability? Knowledge 5
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS:
UNIT I
a) An element of a graph is called an edge
b) Each line segment is called an element
c) Each current source is replaced by a short circuit in a graph
d) All the above
a) n b) n- 1 c) n+1 d) n/2 (Where, n is number of nodes)
