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The multifaceted nature of well-being, encompassing subjective well-being (swb), psychological well-being, and resilience. it delves into the tripartite model of swb, examining life satisfaction, positive and negative affect. furthermore, it discusses the concept of resilience, its characteristics, and the role of hope theory in building resilience and navigating life's challenges. The document also touches upon eastern traditions' perspectives on well-being and suffering.
Typology: Lecture notes
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:°e model. highlights the 1mport,mc~ of well-being, not just the absence of mental illness,
-~nd support ti · · · 1 ·
ime.
Cha_racterized by a lack of purpose
Key points:
Reduced motivation and productivity.
Can lead to more se~ious mental h~alth concerns if not addressed.
C,
People experience
They are neither languishing nor flourishing, often described as "getting by."
Key points:
Adequate but not optimal functioning.
Represents an important stage where people can move toward flourishing with the right
interventions.
The ideal state on the mental health spectrum,
Key points:
High levels of life satisfaction and engagement. .
personal growth.
Ro · ·
. · k f , t I h ea lth decline ifno
cogn 1 z1ng th, s stah, ,s crucinl l mc mmo it s hpw ~ tho rrs
O
men a
M oder:1tt~ M1•ntal I lt>, lth
tow ard better mental h ea l
th
Crillc,tl Pn 111 t lnd v1du.lls 111 thi s state ca n either improve furth er
orfallback towa
rd
languishing. depending on th eir action s and environment.
Flour ish ing ~
Through therapy a nd self-care, Emily reached a high-functioning state
with strong
well-being.
Demonstrates thatflourishing in'-(olves more tban just the absenceof illness-itincludes life
satisfaction, resilience, and growth.
~
~ storical Roots
individual achievem 'ent.
anindividual believesin their own abilities and worth, the happier they are perceived to be.
independent is considered to be .successful aJJd happy.
ofhappiness.
being able
to assert one'srights, and ensuring equality. Thes~ values reflect the individualismofthe
West, where happinessis tied to personal achievements and material success.
_ Eastern cultures view happiness as an internal state of mind. It focuses on inner peace
rather than external validation.
_ Doing ore's duty ~nd fulfilling social responsibilities to family and community is c~ucial.
Happinessis often derived from ensuring the well-being ofothers rather than individualistic
goals. .
...
_ Balance in life is essential for happiness in Eastern trad1t1ons. One must keep harmony
with family, oneself, and society. There is a greater ~mphasis on collectivism, where an
individual's happin es s is inlertwir:ied with the well-being of the community.
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Tradition
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In public or community settings.
Truthfulness: Oolnn 1to11out In ::poocll w,d f1c,t1011::.
Wit: Uslnu l,urnor h1 n w:iy tl1:1t I!; plo:wnnt 1111<1 approprl.JlO.
--,._Friendship: Vnlulr10 w,d rn11t111ir10 rnoonlnqful rol.illonships.
Allwnl; 111 tr .idillon r1lso boliovocJ tllnt oovornrnont plnys n koy role in cultivating these
virluos, rn11i11ly
lllro11oll odu cn llon rn1d om ly tminlno, whicl1 lnsllllod those virtues in
1ndivich rnls ft CJln :, yot1t 111 :l!JO.
- P.i,deo-Chrlstlan Tradition: - Roolod
in tho ruliulcnr:, loxl:: of Judnlmn nnd Chri~;llnnlly, pnrlicularly the Bible.
including :
.., Fortitude (Courage): Slnndlng firmIn tho fnco of difricullios.
Uu1tlce: Trualing
ovoryono with folrnoss and integrity.
-~ Unselfish lovo nnd cnro for others.
_ Thoso virtuos
aro soon as God - ~Jivun und lntoural to living a virtuous and good life.
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ach ~evenients.
ften dr iven by hope for future
balanc ure and so
ith focus on progress and development.
ure:
Post World War II and the· Birth o't Positive Psychology
II, psychology became heavily focused on treating mental illness,
trauma, and negative emotional states.
were
dissatisfied with this negativity,
IE~ading them tb focus on the positive aspectsofhuman
nature.
psychology movement. When his daughter pointed out thatifshe could stop whining, he
could stop being a grouch, it led him to shift focus from fixing flaws to cultivating strengths.
~ere the emphasis is on building resilience, happiness, and personal strengths.
~ WavesofPsychology
\ ~ 1. f st W.W., - The Disease t,1odel:
schizophrenia and
psychological complexes.
_ This approach was criticized for its negative focus, ignoring
the potential for human
growth and
fulfillment.
who focused
problems, rather than improving overall well-being.
. sm focuses on hoW
behavIon
Sk
. ~r Jolin Walson,an t
punishmen · ct of
behavior 1ssh<1pedby external reinforcem_e behavior largely
a produ
·on with human
an
I
usi '.
environmental conditioning.
. and sought to manipu a . b rvable behavior
external controls like rewardsandpunishments.
3.3rd Wave - Humanistic Psychology:.. chology shifted the focus to
tI
c psy
self-actual~ation and. perso_nal gro~th... fulfill their potential and
that
an inherent dnve to ..
psychology should focus on meaning-making , self-identity,
a
nd
creatt~tty._ d the
'd · ternal mot1vatIon an
humanistic psychologycons1 ers1n
subjective experience ~f individuals
as centraltohuman flourishing.
4. 4th Wave - Positive Psychology:.. - Initiated by Martin Seligman, positive psychology focuses
on studying well-being,
happiness, and life satisfaction.
.. d'
ing
of human happiness and strengths, emphasizing
empirical research methods.
themes such as authentic happiness, resilience, and purpose.
"SubjectiveWellbeing
":
1.What I~ ·subject
0
i~e Weilbeing '(SWB)? vdt1f i ~ C lut1,u,...,)
(2000)·
means it is
~ow eeople think about and feel re9s1rding their own liv~ Co nitIve evaluation
relate
to what people think about their life (i.e.', life satisfaction), whil a ec ive eva ua ions
refer to the emotions people feel, such as joy or sadness. Diener high 19 s a
--
subjective-different
people will evaluate their life based on personal criteria.
life feels to people. SWB,
in his view, is about how much life meets an individual's expectation
desirable, and how satisfied they are with
SWB isn't just about emotions or thoughts ; it's also about expectations and desirability.
y Components: ':
gnitive Appraisal: This ·s the thinking a ect of SWB. Peo
with spe 'fie domains of life sue as family, work:, health , and social
·te. For examp ,
someone ·ght feel satisfied with heir
family-life b t dissatisfied with eir career wh h
would affect eir overall SWB. · • · '
_ Affective Ap aisal: This referstot emotional exp rience of life. lndi
·duals with high
SWB experience equent and intense sitive emotion
uch as joy, hope, or pride. At the
,,
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r ,,)s1tiv,, ,1ft(•ct I nntr 1 l~11t1•:, n o •
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t of swn
anqor,
qiioncy
; •nato nogotlvo ornotron',
Jealousy,fear, or d isappointm
ent.Whil e it's impos~l_blo lo
O
i~~
0
an d rniniml/o tt10 irnpact of
entirely,highSWBis markedby an individual's abrlily
lo ma 9
these
emotionsontheir life.
d ments about how
isthe cognitive component of SWB, where pe~ple make ju 9.. ov erall
satisfied they are with their life. This includes both
their global evaluation (1.e., d
.... .f. d · s like work health, an
satrsfactron with life) and their satisfaction in speci rc om a in
' t 'f
.. d ent based compon en o relationships. Life satisfactionisoften seenasa reflective, JU gm ·
. t f positive and nega ive SWB , as opposedtothe more immediate, emotional componen s o •
affect. ·'·
is a framework tor understanding SWB as consistingofthree
interrelated but distinct components: life
sati;f.action (co gnitive), positive affect, and negative
affect (affective components).
"':" Research by Busseri & Sadava (2011) supports the idea that individuals make life
satisfaction judgments based on their emotional experiences. For example, if a person feels
positive emotions frequently, they are more likely
IQ rate their overall life satisfaction higher.
Similarly, negative emotions can lower life satisfaction.
usually assessed with tools like the Satisfaction with Life Scale , while positive and negative
affect are r:neasured using other scales that evaluate emotional experiences.
I
~ P~~~hologicalWell-Being
/ ~ (~~) LeaHv
to an it).dividual's emotional health and overall functionjng
in life. It includes not only the presence of positive emotions but also how well a personjs
doing in life, including their relationships, sense
of purpose, and ability to navigate
challenges.
t
. People with high psychological well-being report feeling happy, capable, and
well-supported, They are generally satisfied with lif~ and feel that they can handle
demands effectively.
_ It is important to note that psychological well-being is not
just the absence of distre•
mental illness. Instead, it involves thriving and flourishing, both emotionally and Int~
life outcomes.
~ ...
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-. ✓ ,> people with
In life
/. " - -. so 11 "e that life has_J_Tle~n-~9J. N
.. •\ ~,• 11 ~1• ol !'lH pose mc,m5 C.Jv111g Q._
0 als ~
nd
l x: ..._ -
11 ,,urpl1sc ,n
hfo f<'el that their Jcl1ons ~
1
1
s a mi ssion, or a
!11,1n themselves. whetlicr tl1,1t bepersona vo ue ,
Autonomv: -v-
. I t make decisions fre fr om
ndent nd being ab e
O
. tal
t ly influenced socie
external pressure. People wit high autonomy are no over.. t nal compas
s
· d th rely on
their own1ner
expectations or the opinions of others,but instea , ey
when making life decisions.
...
Positive Social Relationships:.. Tve
imi:>orta ce of meaningful connections with others. OSI
1
relations
hi ps are characterized by reciprocal affection , empatb.Y, rus!, and in _,mac~ People
who have strong social ties are often better able to handle stress and
maintain th~r
well-being. '
.,
Environmental Mastery:
one 's
environment o meet personal need. This could indu e one's ability to handle work
responsib ilities, manage home1fe, and make effective use
ofresources. A high levelof
environmental mastery indicates that a person feels in controloftheir surroundings.
· ue learning , avin~
and c persona growth are
open tonew
enen see oppo urn 1esfor self-improvement and
development.
per sonal growth , purpose, meaning, and self-realization. In this view, well-being is more
than
full potential.
. // l
WJ _y{_ Resilience
Defining Resilience
or bouncehack fromadversity, frustration, or
misfortune. This includes r
ec ov ering not just from negative situations but also from
d
. ,nvironrnPnl
is crucial. It
~warencss
t:k111q ,1W, lll' ul both om~sL
1
II ,111d the surioun
mg c
,
ht
I
d I
t
ogulatc
their lhoug
s,
1
elps peo ple I t't'C'\
l' ,\ 11L'l ttwy <II c struggling
an 10w
O
r
einot 0 11s
. ,rnd buh,1
Iors ,,ccordingly.
~
. Scligrnan's
3Ps Model of Resi lience
I~
tramework introduced by Martin Seligman, a pioneer in positive
.
psychology. The model emphasizes three emotional reactions
to adversity that can
hinder
resilience:
to an internalization of problems, where individuals
themselves for things that may not be their bla_me
fault. It increases feelings of guilt and makes
recovery harder because it traps i
nd ividuals in
self-blamJ).
Recognizing when you're
personalizing events is crucial to breaking this negative cycle.
ewY
aspect of one's life. For example , if a person loses a contest, they might irrationally think that
they're a failure
inall aspects
of life. Overcoming
p·ervasiveness
involves learning to
compartmentalize events and avoid generalizing one failure across all domains of life.
negative feelings or situations will never end. It discourages effort toward
improvement because the individual assumes things will always remain the same. Learning
to view
setbacks
a.s temporary allows people
to move forward with hope.
~
5 Pill~rs
of R ~~ilienc
1
e l~
helps individuals avoid a downward spi
ral when facing stress:
hav~.a clear understanding of your thoughts,
emotions, strengths, and weaknesses. Self-awareness provides
insights
~rks into how your mind
and how you respond to different situations. It's about understanding how others
perceive you and
how you react to external stimuli.
: This is the practice of staying present in the moment without judgment.
Mindfulness allows people to observe their thoughts and emotions rather than being
overwhelmed
by them. It enables a more balanced response to adversity.
: Self-care involves practices that promote well-being and
vitality. essential This pillar is
because, without caring for yourself, you won't have the
physical
resources or emotional
to handle challenges
.•Examples include exercise, healthy eating, rest, a
health nd mental
activities.
.
itiv~ relation~
i ps : f:!Yman connection is essential to resilience. Relationships provide
support
during difficult times, and caring for others can also promote personal
resjli e.ru:e.
Having a network of positive relation ships leads to greater happiness and life satisfaction,,
Purpose
: Purpose
~_ves life meaning
and direction.
Wh ether through fai
th or community , family, work,
involvement, having a purpose helps people endure hardships because they
see themselves
as part of something greater than their own struggles.
~ pe s of R esili ence
I~
..
. .
.
_ There
are different
types of resilience, each
cruc19I 1~ handling vanou
~11.J.U'~.-.-.....,,ss:
1
Physical
Resilience
: This relates to th
od s_ ab1ht to adapt to
hys,cal challenges ,
·ni·ury It plays a
si gnificant role
in how people age and recover from
s uch as
or 1
medical
issues.
. '. ( --._..-- / ~
--~- - f,11 t I , - r1rJ ·1d'1r,t rnr:nt:JII/ in the
~et111ientn 1111' r11h'1:... to tl11• ,IIJ1llty lo r1•n1;1~r~ 'J/1 > '. ,1. , , ..... ~ -' 1 : ,,.
1
, , 1,,,,t,.r ,1! prr,bl•im h ✓1ng,
f.lr.n <'f
t · •motion" wh1<,h h•,lv, th,:rn
<'1111'\tto m :. t~111ot1011.1lly I es11ienl indiv idu als can regulate t1e
r e '•
:::111, op11111i$l1c ,rnd handle tough experiences without feeling overwtielmed..
4 Soetal Rcs11tence· 1h1s type focusesontheability of groups or communities to mr~o t &:r
from adversity It includes working togetherto solv e collective problems, like natural
disasters A strong sense of com munity and mutual supportisessentia l for social resilience.
~ ~ ~ pe theory
Hope Theory, as developed by psychologis
'--""--....,... _________ ____ .__,
maintainhope, especially when facing difficult situations.
capabilitytoplan for and achieve goals. It helps people stay focused, motivated , and resilient
inthe face of challenges.
According to Snyder, hope consists of three essential components: goals, pathways, and
agency. s-~ "- ~
g MART C,OA-L H- me~ T- Ti,m.1 bot.J.N.f
a.Goats----, A - ~
that a pers·on strives:to reac;h. ,
their hope. Without goals, hopeful thinking becomes aimless.
J,. Pathways '
goals.
to reach their objectives. They are not discouraged by roadblocks and can find
routes when one path is blocked.
_ Problem-Solving : The ability to create new pathways when old ones fail Isacritical part of
maintaining hope and progressing toward one's goals.
~ f
_ Definition : Agency represents t~e belief in one's ability to takea
toward achieving goals .
_ High-Hope Individuals:
_ Feel confident that they can overcome obstacles.
_ Are motivated and resilient, _meaning theY. keep tryl