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PNB 2265-Immune System Latest
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non-specific immune system ✔✔generalized responses that help to support the immune system, support imm. sys. function, recycle cells, and non-specifically destroy foreign cells and materials
specific immune system ✔✔protects against specific antigens; has the ability to differentiate between self-antigens and foreign antigens
Which hormone causes hematopoietic stem cells to differentiate into leukocytes?
a. EPO
b. colony-stimulating factor (CSF)
c. surfactant
d. lectin ✔✔colony-stimulating factor (CSF)
Which types of WBCs complete their maturation in the bone marrow? (multiple answers)
a. T lymphocytes
b. B lymphocytes
c. neutrophils
d. natural killer cells (NKCs) ✔✔B lymphocytes and natural killer cells (NKCs)
cytokines ✔✔chemical messengers that boost the immune system
The classic complement pathway is activated when complement protein _____ interacts with an antigen-antibody complex.
a. C
b. C
c. C4 ✔✔C
Which branch of the immune system produces antibodies?
a. specific
b. non-specific ✔✔specific
The alternative complement pathway is activated when complement protein _____ binds to the surface of microbes
a. C
b. C
microphages ✔✔cells of the immune system that fight microbes; eosinophils and neutrophils
granulocytes ✔✔a group of leukocytes containing granules in their cytoplasm; neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils.
phagocytosis ✔✔process of the immune system by which target cells are engulfed and digested
macrophages ✔✔phagocytic cells that are mostly derived from monocytes
dendritic cells ✔✔cells that present antigens to cells of the specific immune system
Which immune cell produces histamine?
a. neutrophil
b. basophil
c. dendritic cell
d. eosinophil ✔✔basophil
Cytotoxic cells destroy cells by creating pores in their plasma membrane using ___________
a. perforin
b. lectin
c. interferon ✔✔perforin
When viruses inhibit MHC, T lymphocytes cannot recognize the viruses. What cell would attack the virus instead?
a. macrophages
b. microphages
c. natural killer cells
d. dendritic cells ✔✔natural killer cells
antigen ✔✔any molecule expressed on the cell surface that will induce an immune response
Passing antibodies from a mother to infant through breastfeeding is an example of what type of immunity?
a. active
b. passive ✔✔passive
b. MHC 2 ✔✔MHC 1
_____________ coordinate cell-mediated immunity whereas __________ coordinate antibody- mediated immunity
a. T cells, B cells
b. B cells, T cells ✔✔T cells, B cells
epitope ✔✔the specific site on an antigen that is recognized by T cells
Cytotoxic T cells are also referred to as ________ cells
a. CD4+
b. CD8+ ✔✔CD8+
Helper T cells are also referred to as ________ cells
a. CD4+
b. CD8+ ✔✔CD4+
costimulation ✔✔involves the binding of CD28 on the T-cell to CD80 on the antigen presenting cell (B cells)
reciprocal activation of T and B cells ✔✔the cytokines that get released by helper T cells activate B cells
B cells ✔✔the antibody-producing cells inside of the body
naive B cells ✔✔unactivated B cells that make specific antibodies that could or could not be useful
IgG and IgM antibodies are both found in the plasma. ______ cannot cross membranes but _____ antibodies can
a. IgG, IgM
b. IgM, IgG ✔✔IgM, IgG
IgE antibodies ✔✔can activate basophils, causing the release of histamine; responsible for allergies
