Evolution and Classification of Plants: From Cyanobacteria to Angiosperms, Slides of Biology

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Plants

Evolutionary Past

 Cyanobacteria  Blue- green algae  Photosynthetic  Responsible for the marked increase in Oxygen 2000 million years ago

Endosymbiosis

 a symbiotic relationship between two organisms in which one of the two organisms (the endosymbiont) lives inside the body of the other one (the host).

Classification of Plants

 Kingdom - Plantae  Division (-phyta)  Class (-opsida)  Subclass (-idae)  Order (-ales)  Family (-aceae)  Genus  Species (Genus + specific epithet)

Circumscription of Features

 A new condition is added at each step to set up a category that is MOST specific. Example:  Things with wheels = buses, cars, bicycles, skates, airplanes, trains, etc.  And is ground transport = buses, cars, bicycles, trains  And can carry more than one person = buses, cars, trains  And runs on rails = trains

Four major lineages

 Nonvascular

• lack xylem & phloem & seeds

 Seedless vascular

• have xylem & phloem, lack seeds

 Gymnosperms

• have seeds, but not enclosed

 Angiosperms

• enclosed seeds

Nonvascular lifecycle

Seedless vascular lifecycle

Angiosperm lifecycle

Classes of Angiosperms

 Monocotyledonae (Monocots)

 Very few are annuals  Lilies, grasses, cattails, palms, yuccas, orchids, irises

 Dicotyledonae (Dicots)

 More primative, 1/6 are annuals  Almost all kinds of trees and shrubs  Snapdragons, mints, peas, sunflowers

Dicot characteristics

Parts of the flower

PISTIL

 Stigma

 Style

 Ovary

STAMEN

 Anther

 Filament