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=a Shanes handout on agricultural biotechnology Unit 3: PLANT TRANSGENIC TECHNOLOGY (rDNA technology for current world through agricultural sector) By: Shanmugam V. M. BACTERIAL RESISTANT PLANT PRODUCTION Introduction The livelihoods of millions of farmers have been threatened by varied number of diseases in plants caused by bacteria, fungus, virus & viroids etc. In these bacteria attains 3" position for over all crop loss, economic status loss etc, Mainly the economic impact of bacterial disease is clearly widespread destruction of various vegetable & fruit crops, there is pre-harvest-rotting, softening( spoilage) of fruits & vegetable crops. Crop loss due to wilt, fire blight, spot disease etc, hence better advancement for the production bacterial residence plant is needed .The conventional plant breeding system will not provide enough resistance against various bacterial pathogens, hence the transgenic approach shows potential for the genetic improvement of the crop using a wide set of transgenes currently available which confer the bacterial resistance. Some examples of pathogenic bacteria are: > Xanthomonas campestris pr. musacerarum causes wilt disease in Banana ¥ Erwinia carotovora -soft rot in carrot. va Erwinia amylovora Pseudomonas syringae > Ralstonia solanacearum > Agrobacterium sps Strategies for developing bacterial resistance plants. The bacterial resistant plant production by transgenic involves studies on Bacterial host interaction Target site of infection by bacteria Mode of infection & symptoms Metabolic pathway & its interactions etc. One approach to control bacterial disease is to improve a plants defense against a particular pathogen. This has been made possible by genetic engineering by using genes found in fungi, insects, animals and other plants. Antimicrobial proteins that present naturally in insects, animals, plants and humans are now in potential source of plant resistance. eoaoa Antimicrobial proteins (AMPs) 0 AMPs are ubiquitous in many organisms as quoted above 0 These are amphipathic alpha helical structures of single pass or multi pass in nature, have 25 to 60 amino acids residues. 0 It is predominantly isolated from frogs, insects and mammalians phagocytic vacuoles. a AMPs are selective for prokaryotic rather than eukaryotes due to the predominantiy negatively charged phospholipids in the outer layer of prokarvotic membrane. Some examples for AMPs usedin transgenic are:- “+ Magainins from frog skin * Cecropin, attacin & meilittin from giant silk moth % Saccropin & thionin from slant 
