Alcohol: Pharmacology, Interactions, and Treatment, Study notes of Pharmacology

Download Alcohol: Pharmacology, Interactions, and Treatment and more Study notes Pharmacology in PDF only on Docsity!

Budesonide

·

supress

Bronchial

inflammation

·

fluticasone

&

peak

expiratory float

a

Inhalation

Prevent episodes

Gasthe

·

Roast

i

a

·

pain

,

Tinget

Pari

inactivate cholinesenage

· Constrict Bronchi

&

estemic site bird-

· inhibit Gastric

.

ALL

CRETION

· controls

Fremons &

Rigidity

/

initial

Bradycardia

· mild

migrain

Mitchy

rash.

even

· Tachy cardia

fewer

·

Breathing

difficulty

.

SIG :

• · Dryness

& mounamicturation

• RA

·

cough

· psoriasis

·

chest pari

migraine

.

2 OLA

SIG:

Reach

.

· antiarrhythmia

SIE

:

• difficut Brea

y

a

avergic

p

o

metachloropsomide

relieve

refutation

companidone

.

EveatBun

by

o

mosaplunde

e

improve

↓ Les

Tene

osopragel

Symptomat

empty

clearance

↑

-upeostigmine

StLine

dry

in

· Corticosteroid

Prondisce

20-bory

day

.

M

Y

a - > N

op

carromin any

adage Bloddn-no

S .

↑ cetazolwide

• Mauritol

·

Stal

asthmatics

:

①

hyard

articosone

humisuccinate

long

in

stat

.

② nebulized

salbutamol

(

.

5-5my)

Patropica

Bromide

(o

·

②

high flow

humidified

oxygen

therapy ,

⑦ salbutamo

/erbutative

-oug

in/

⑤

intubation E

mechanical

nentilation

.

⑥

Treat

chest

infection

with

intensive

antibiotics

.

①

convect

demydration

a acidosis .

• do net wross BBB

.

· no

anticholinergics

action

.

bioi

way

⑤

I

·

longer

durationactionnicotinic Recepti

P

to

prod

inhibit

aroun

un

to

c

a

↓

reduce

muse

S

d

hydedysl

by

produce

·

antiplatelete

s Blood

clot

formation

X

· pseudocholines

treate

wase

.

· Thrombaxanets

action with

sui

chalwest

Inhibition

N

somepatient

have

Atypical

send

active

I

f

Platelete

son

slow

aggregation

prolonged

&

hydrolyse

.

Blockage

• v-sudy

ms

paralysis

&

aprox

Pharmacological actions

.

Spirits

produce

by

distillation

of

fermented

broth

.

accord

content

vary from

%

local

action

They

are

rubefacient

and

counterinitant

when rubbed on

Skin

Jo

it

produceloding

while

evaporating

.

concentrated

alcohol

should

not be

applied

in

mouth

,

nose etc injected

Sc

• causes

pain

,

Inflammation

,

Necrosis

followed

by

fibrosis

Allowa

is

astringent

->

precipates surface

Protein and

landers

skin

acts as

antiseptic

Alcohol

does

not kill Bacterial

spores

.

CNs - >

Accord are neuronal

depressant

moods and

feelings

are

cctered

amiety

may

be

allayed.

with

a

couch - disorientation

ofhoughts

,

meula

e

impairement

of

attention ,

memory

,

Gait

Accord induce

sleep

but

not

dependable hypnotic

.

I

pain

Tolerance

,

sizers

may

be

precipitated

in

epileptics

.

Crs -

mid

closes

cutaneous

and

gastric

varodication

skin

is warm

,

flushed

BP not

affected

.

moderate dasess

causes

tachycardia

mild

rise in BP due to ↑ in

muscular

activity

and

sympathetic

activity

large

closes

myocardrail

and

vasomotor center

depression

full

in BP

Chronic

Alcoholism -

hypertension

Cardiomyopathy

Atrial

fibrillation

,

cardiac

arrhythmias

conducts

defect

in

T

prolongation

.

4. BLOOD

Raise HDL cholestral

level

and

decrease

LDL oridation

cholestral

level

b

Lowers

%

invidence

of

oronary artery

disease

mild and

megaloblastic

anaemia

is more common

in

chronic alcoudics

5

.

BODY TEMPERATURE

allowe

produces

a

sense

of

cold due

to

cutaneous

and

Gastric vasodilatation

heat loss

is 44

in

cold

surroundings

RESPIRATION

Brandy

and

whisky

are considered as

respiratory

stimulants

in

collapse

↓

irritate

Buccol

and

pharynge

mucosa &

transient

Stimulate

respiratory reflanes

but direct

action

ofallow

on

Respirator

syst

Pharmacokinetics

·

uterine contractions are also

suppressed

·

Rate

of

absorption

from

Stowach

depends upon

as couch

of

food

b)

presence

of

food.

&

quite

slow

.

Absorption

from

intestive -

fast

Gastric

emprying

determines

Rate

of

absorption

·

first

pass Metabolism

• liver

&

stomach

·

widely

distributed in

Body

crosses BBB

E Placenta

Aloud

audised

in

liver

metabolism

forows

• zeno

order kinetics

·

Encalation

of

alcohol

is

through

->

Lung

and

kidney

Of

why

it

is

utilized

for medicological

determination

of

druwen

State

?

As

because

itIncreated

from

kiduy

and

nug

& couch

of

alcohol

in exhaled air is

about 0

. 05

%

of

blood concentration.

process

subject

blows in a

portable

hand-held

breathe

analyzer

to

measures

the alcohol content

of

exhaled

air

and

display

results

in

corresponding

conc

cng(d)

Interactions

Aloud

interactions

with

anxiolytics

,

antidepressants

,

antihistaminics

,

opoids

,

hypnotices

↓

marks

Cas

depressants

with motor

impairement

2 .

Some

taking

surfonyl wrea

,

copperazone

& metronidazole

↓

have

experienced

birzave

somewhat

discuphiram

Reach when

they

consumer alcobal

(passes

off

with

time as Alcohol

metabolized)

supportive

Treatment is needed

Acute Alcohol

inhibits

,

chronic

Alcohol

induce

Cup

enzyme

formation

of

toxic

metabolites in

paracetamol

is

↑

in

chromic

Alcoholism

a

Hypoglycemic

action

of

insurm and

sulphone

↓

↑

in

alcohol

ingestion

.

Aspirin

NSAID causes more

Gastric

Bleeding

when

taken with

allobal

·

Alcohol

Require

no

digestion

and metabolized

&

rapidly

,

energy yielding

substance

Cannot be

stored

sparce

carbohydrate

& fat

as

angy

source

↓

contribute

to

obesity

Side effects

sit

of

moderate

drinking-Nausea

,

vomiting

,

hangones

,

traffic

accidents

,

flushing

Acute Alcoholic

intoxication

• unawareness

,

unresponsiveness

hypotension

,

Gastritis ,

respiratory

depression

collapse

,

coma ,

death.

#"

Gastric

earage

is done

only

useful

when

patient

Taken

soon

after

alcohol

ingestion

which

is

nealy

impossible

nice most

patients

are

diorented

I

first

Priority

is to maintain

Patent

airway

prevent

aspiration

of

vouitus

·

Trachael incubation

positive

pressure

respiration

may

he

need

if

markedly

depressed

I

analeptics

should not

be

given

as

they

can

precipitate

convulsants

most

patient

recover

by supportive

Treatment ,

fluid

and

electrolyte

correction

of

hypogly

carier

by

balance

Glucose till alcon

infusion

is metabolised

thiamine should be

added.

·

Insulin

↑ fructose

close has

round to

enhance

alcorro

metabolism

.

3. Chronic alcoholism

Withdrawal syndrome

Treatment

on chronic intake Tolerance

develop

To

subjective

and behavioral

effects

of

alcohol

hereally

now

dogner

it has

noth

war

a

pramaconitics

(d

rate

of

abs

due to

gastitis

and

I

metabolism due

to

enzyme

inductions

thimme

deficiency

common

in

Chemic

Alone

withdrawal

syndrome

occus

within a

day

scurity

depends

on duration and

quantity

of

allowa

consumed

Per

day

includes

confusion

,

Tachycardia

,

Tremor

,

impairment

hallucination ,

collapse

as

Psychological

supportive

measures

are

needed

during

mithdrawal

·

benzodiazepines (diarepand

, chadioreperoxide)

and

Preferred

drugNow

.

↓

nave

longer

duration

of

action

gradually

withdrawn

later

.

Naltrexone

prevents relapse

of

Alcoholism

Reduced Kohal

raving

,

no

of

drinking

days

chances

of

resumed

heavy

drinking

.

Acamproste

.

started

when

subject

sure to

not

have alcohol

in

past

12 hours

↓

kinew

at a

dose

of

soony

/day

for

Disulfiram

I

wee

b

followed

by

my

daily

sensitization

of

Alcohol

develops

2-

hours

of

is dose

to

peau at 12

hours

and

lasts

Fo

days

after stopping

it

6

inhibition

of

alcowor

dehydrogenase

by

disulfiram

is

irreversible

.

disifiram

should

not

be

given

to

patient

who

are

physically dependent

on Alcohol

·

fomiperol

is

drug

of

choice

for

man

se

Et

for

methanal

⑧

keep

one

patient in

down

.

quiet

room

poisoning

protect

the

Eye

from light

.

Gastic

lavage

with

God

bicarbonate

if

patient

brought

with a

hour

of

methanol

ingestion

⑥

combat

acidosis

mithin

sodi

bicarbonate

in

infusion

prevent

retinal

damage

pot

.

Chloride

therapy

needed

only

when

&

hypokalemia

occur

due

to

alasi

tweapy

Ethand

is metabolised more

by

alcohol

dehydrogenase

once

Methand

couch

of long

lar

in

Blood to

saturate

alcohol

dehydrogenase

and netceds

methanol

metabolism

① Haemodialysis-clears

methand as

well

as

toxic

metabolite

formate

hasten

reconcer

forepizole

Doc

for

methand

poisoning

loading

done

of

15

rgling

infused

in one

30 mei

followed by

long/kg

every

hour

till

serum

reached

methano below

so

mydr

.

Q folate

therapy-calcium

leucourin

so mg

injected

hourly

to

reduce

Blood

formate

level.