Marine Pharmacognosy: Exploring the Potential of Marine Organisms for Drug Discovery, Papers of Pharmacognosy

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Dr.U.Srinivasa, Professor and Head Dept of Pharmacognosy and Phytopharmaceuticals. Srinivas college of Pharmacy. Mangalore Email – drsrinivaspharmacy@rediffmail.com

INTRODUCTION

 Marine Drugs: -

 The drug obtained from marine organisms which are being conventionally used like shark and cod-liver oils, sodium alginate, agar-agar, chitin etc.

 Because of the highly chemical and physical harsh conditions in marine environment, the organisms produce a variety of molecules with unique structural features and exhibit various types of biological activities.

 Majority of the marine natural products have been isolated from sponges, coelenterates (sea whips, sea fans and soft corals), tunicates, echinoderms (starfish, sea cucumbers, etc) and bryozoans and a wide variety of marine micro-organisms in their tissues.

ANTIMICROBIAL

1. ZONAROL AND ISO - ZORANOL Biosource: Zonarol and Iso-zonarol are both obtained from Dictyopteris zonaroides (Brown algae). Chemistry - Flavonoid Use : Antimicrobial

ANTIMICROBIAL ( 2 )TETRABROMO- 2 - HEPTANONE Biosource: It is obtained from another species of Bonnemaisonia hemifera. (Red algae)  Chemistry – Bromophenol compound  Use - Antimicrobial

ANTIMICROBIAL ( 4 ) EUNICIN Biosource: It is obtained from Gorgonian corals , Eunicia mammosa. Chemistry – Diterpene Use - Antimicrobial

ANTI CANCER  1. SIMULARIN  Source – Soft coral Sinularia fleibilis  Chemistry – Cembranoids (14 C cyclic diterpenoid with eocyclic lactone  Use - Anticancer

ANTI CANCER  3. GERANYL HYDRO – QUINONE  Source – Aplidium species  Chemistry – Quinone  Use - Anticancer

ANTIBIOTICS  1. CYCLOEDUDESMOL  Bio source – Red algae Chondria oppositiclada  Chemistry – Eudesmol ( Sesquiterpenoid)  Use - Antibiotic

ANTICOAGULANT

1 .) Organism- Iridae laminarioides Chemical compound- Galaxtan sulphuric acid Use- Anticoagulant 2 .) Organism - Codium fragile ssp. leo mentosides Chemical compound - associated with an unknown plasma factor. Use- Antithrombin activity

3.) Organism- C.fragile ssp. Atlanticum Chemical compound-High molecular wt. proteoglycans; Use-Anticoagulant activity.

3. Organism- Sea cucumber Chemical compound- Cucumechinoside F. Use-Antiprotozoal.

CARDIOVASCULAR AGENS

1. EPTATRETIN

Bio-source – It is found in the bronchial hearts of pacific hogfish i.e. Eptatretus stoutii Use – It is a potent Cardiac stimulant with direct stimulant action on mammalian myocardium.