Pharmaceutical Chemistry I: Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry - Exercises and Questions, Quizzes of Pharmaceutical Chemistry

Download Pharmaceutical Chemistry I: Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry - Exercises and Questions and more Quizzes Pharmaceutical Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity!

PART C

PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY–I

(Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry)

(Pharm-113)

110 __________________________________________________ Fundamentals of Objective Pharmacy

(c) zeoolite (d) all of the above

6. Sterile water for injection may be stored in (a) Type 1 (b) Type 2 (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Type 3
7. Water attack test can be applied for (a) berosilicate glass (b) treated sodalime glass (c) soda lime glass (d) general purpose soda lime glass
8. In Bronsted-Lowry concept acid is (a) proton donor (b) electron donor (c) proton accepter (d) electron accepter
9. HSAB categorizes acids and bases according to properties of (a) size (b) charge (c) polarizability (d) all of these
10. Hard bases have (a) high electropositive (b) low electronegative (c) both the above (d) none of the above
11. Example of strong acid is (a) Ca2+^ (b) Hg+ (c) I+^ (d) Cu+
12. Pharmaceutical buffer system could be categorizes into (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) none of these
13. Topical agent depending upon their action or used divided into (a) protective (b) antimicroliol (c) astringent (d) all of these
14. ZnO is used as (a) protective (b) astringent (c) both (a) & (b) (d) antidote
15. Inorganic antimicrobial agent can be divided into (a) oxidation (b) halogenation (c) protein precipitate (d) all of the above
16. Compounds capable of function as antimicrobial agent through oxidative mechanism are (a) H 2 O 2 (b) halogen (c) KMnO 4 (d) all of these
17. Halogenation mechanism occurring with antiseptic are (a) hypohalite (b) sulphydryl (c) halogens (c) none
18. Hydrogen peroxide is used as (a) antiseptic (b) acidifying agent (c) protective (d) antioxidant
19. KMnO 4 solutions are used for (a) antibacterial (b) antifungal (c) both the above (d) none of these
20. AgNO 3 is categorizes into (a) oxidative antimicrobial agent (b) halogented antimicrobial agent (c) protein ppt. antimicrobial agent (d) all of the above
21. Fluoride inhibits caries formation via (a) ↓ acid solubility of enamel (b) bacterial inhibition (c) both the above (d) ↑ acid solubility of enamel

Inorganic Pharmaceuticals ____________________________________________________________ 111

22. Hydroxyapatite is mixture Ca2+^ salt of (a) CO 3 –^ (b) PO 4 – (c) OH (d) all of these

II. Fill in the Blanks

Fill in the blanks to make the following statements complete and correct:

23. Limit test are qualitative …………….. test designed to identify and control small quantities of impurities.
24. Limit test for chloride has been based open Rx b/w…………… and …………….. to obtain silver chloride.
25. Limit test for sulphate has been based upon the ppt of sulphate with ……… in the presence of ……………….
26. In limit test for sulphate to prevent the supersaturation of BaSO 4 a small amount of ………………has been added in the reagent.
27. In limit test for chloride ………………….. prevent production of opalescence due to presence of Ag 2 CO 3 , CO 2.
28. Limit test for iron is based upon reaction of Fe with …………….. in of a solution buffered with ammonium citrate.
29. Limit test for iron purple color is due to formation of ......................
30. In limit test for iron …………………… prevent the precipitate of iron as Fe(OH) 3 NH 3 solution.
31. In limit test for iron Ferrous thioglycolate has stable pink to reddish purple colour in ……………. medium.
32. Limit test for Pb has been based upon Rxn b/w …………. and ………………. to form complex.
33. The structure of dithiazone ………….
34. The limit test for Arsenic is based upon ………………. test.
35. In limit test for Arsenic ................ is converted into Arsenous acid/Arsinegas.
    36. Arsine gas is carried and comes into contact with .................... in produces a yellow or brown stain.
    37. In limit test for Arsenic, temp. should be maintained ………….
    38. The function of granulated Zn in limit test for Arsenic is ………….
    39. In limit test for heavy metals .............. A is used for clear colorless/turbid colored solution.
    40. The use of oxygen at increase pressure is know as ………………..
    41. The laughing gas is known …………....
    42. Which inorganic gas used as anesthetic ………….
    43. A mix. of oxygen and nitrous oxide 50 : 50 can safely be used for relief of pain in ………......
    44. When sterility is necessary in ................ or deionized water is used.
    45. Glass may be considered as ………….
    46. According to HSAB hard acids are …………………..
    47. When orthophosphoric acid is heated to 200 ºC to from ……………...
    48. Phosphoric acid as a solvent in preparation of …………………….
    49. In borate buffer system Feldman’s pH ranges is ……………...
    50. In borate buffer system Atkins and Pantin pH ………………….
    51. Giffords pH range is ………….
    52. Protective are substance which may be applied to …………………..
    53. Protective are ………… and ………….
    54. Protective and adsorbent substance are available for use internally for ……….
    55. Talc is hydrated ................
    56. Talc has low adsorptive properties so it is a useful is ……………...
    57. Due to non-adsorptive character of talc it is used as ………………...

Inorganic Pharmaceuticals ____________________________________________________________ 113

95. Commercially ............... is prepared by heating metallic Zinc to bright redness in the presence of preheated air (French Process).
96. ............... include antiseptic, germicide and disinfectant agent as well as sterilization process.
97. The chemical formula for Borax is ................
98. Diluted Hydrogen Peroxide (3% and 12%) is used to bleach human hair when mixed with Ammonia, and is called as ................
99. ............... gives rise to Hypothyroidism, symptoms of which are extreme fatigue, goiter.
100. Potassium permanganate is manufactured on a large scale by

heating ............... in the presence of air or an oxidizing agent, such as .............

101. The Silver protein solutions are ............... in properties due to the presence of low concentration of ionized silver.
102. To prevent dental caries toothpaste containing ............... should be used.
103. In USP or I.P water for injection is stored at temperature below ……….. or ………….. above ………...

III. True/False Statements

Write (T) for True and (F) for False statement.

104. Purified water is used for parenterel.
105. Water for injection purified by distillation.

ANSWERS

I. Multiple Choice Questions

1. (d)
2. (d)
3. (c)
4. (d)
5. (d)
6. (c)
7. treated sodalime glass
8. proton donor
9. (d)
10. high electropositive
11. Ca2+
12. 2
13. (d)
14. (c)
15. (d)
16. (d)
17. Hypohalite
18. Antiseptic
19. (c)
20. protein ppt.
21. (c)
22. (d)

II. Fill in the Blanks

23. Quantitative
24. AgNO 3 soluble chloride
25. BaCl 2 and HCl
26. Alcohol
27. HNO 3
28. Thioglycolic
29. Ferrous mercaptoacetate
30. Citric acid
31. Alkaline
32. Pb and dithione
33. structure
34. Guizet test
35. Arsine
36. Mercuric chloride
37. 40 degree

114 __________________________________________________ Fundamentals of Objective Pharmacy

38. slow and prolonged evolution of Nascent H 2 gas
39. Clean and colourless
40. Hypertonic
41. N 2 O
42. N 2 O
43. Child birth
44. Distilled
45. Sodium silicate
46. Electron acceptor
47. Pyrophoric acid
48. Anileridine injection
49. pH 7–8.
51. 6–7.
52. Skin
53. insoluble and inert
54. Git irritation
55. Magnesium silicate
56. Lubricating, protective dusting powder
57. Filter Aid
58. ZnO.xFe 2 O 3
59. Local anesthetic
60. Pigment white
61. Hydrated aluminium silicate
62. Antiseptic, astringent
63. Precipitate proteins
64. large charge/radius
65. The common oxidation states of manganese are +2, +3, +4, +6 and +7. Manganese compound such as permanganic acid in oxidation state + are powerful oxidizing agent when reduced to +2 and to +4 (in alkaline solution). Permanganic acid finds application as a antiseptic and a disinfectant. Permanganic acid (HMnO 4 ) is an unstable, existing only in aqueous solution and its salts called permanganates which has a deep

purple color in aqueous solution. Usually manganate(VII) compounds are deep purple—colored and Mn+ compounds are pink colored. Permanganates have the MnO4–^ anion and used as strong oxidizing agents. Sodium permanganate (MnNaO 4 ) and potassium permanganate (MnKO 4 ) are the sodium and potassium salt of permanganic acid respectively. Permanganate salts have bactericidal, fungicidal, astringent, and oxidizing properties. They are used as disinfectant in solution as a topical anti-infective. It is also used as an antidote for certain poisons (phosphorus). They are used as deodorizers and to treat some parasitic diseases of fish, and used in treatment of drinking water.

66. Strong oxidizing agent
67. Iodophors
68. poly vinyl pyrollidine
69. third degree burn
70. ophthalmic solutions
71. cleaning teeth and gums
72. abrasive
73. colour, turbidity
74. passes, fail
75. lead
76. nessler cylinder
77. silver nitrate with soluble chlorides, dilute nitric acid
78. barium chloride, soluble sulphate, BaSO 4
79. inhalants, lungs
80. oxygen
81. 50 kilopascal or 2.5 times more
82. anaesthetic
83. inhalational anaesthetics, injections anaesthetics
84. ammonium nitrate, 170–260 ºC

Acidifying agents (Dilute Hydrochloric acid), antacids (Bismuth subcarbonate, Aluminium hydroxide, Calcium carbonate, Magnesium hydroxide, Magnesium oxide {light and heavy}, Magnesium carbonate {light and heavy}, Magnesium trisilicate, cathartics (disodium hydrogen phosphate, Magnesium

sulphate and other Magnesium compounds), protective and adsorbents (Activated Charcoal, Light Kaolin, Aluminium sulphate). Miscellaneous Agents: Expectorants (Ammonium chloride, Potassium Iodide), antioxidants (Sodium metabisulphite).

Comp-1/E:/Newage-010/Engineering/Re-math-3b—30.7.10 11.9.10 28.1.11 9.2.

Unit II

GASTROINTESTINAL AGENTS

CONTENTS

I. Multiple Choice Questions

Each of the following questions have four alternatives. Only one of them is correct. Choose the correct answer.

1. Inorganic agent used to treat GIT agent (a) products for altering gastric pH (b) productives for instinal inflamma- tion (c) adsorbents for intestinal toxins. (d) all of the above
2. The goal of antacid therapy. (a) ↓ Concentration of acid in gastric juice (b) Gastic pH 3.5 and 7 (c) ↑ Concentration of acid (d) Both (a) and (b)
3. Symptoms of achlohydria. (a) Mild diarrhoea (b) Frequent bowel movement

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

(c) Epigastric pain (d) All of the above

4. Side effect of antacid therapy. (a) Acid rebound (b) Systemic allealopsis (c) Na content of antacid (d) All of the above
5. Al(OH) 3 gel is used in (a) dentrifices (b) radioactivite agent (c) raptic ulcan (d) all of the above
6. Calcium contaning antacid differ from aluminium containing antacid (a) depend upon their basic property (b) do not have any amphoteric effect (c) do not cause systemic alkalosis (d) all of the above

116

Gastrointestinal Agents _______________________________________________________________ 117

7. Side effect of Ca containing antacid. (a) Renal failure (b) Mille allkali syndromes (c) Hyperphosphatemia (d) All of the above
8. Stimulant laxative act by (a) local irritation of intestinal trad (b) ↑ bulk stimulating peristalsis (c) ↓ omatic load (d) all of the above
9. Expectorant are used in treatment of respiratory tract by (a) ↑ viscosity of bronchial sec (b) ↓ viscosity of bronchial sec (c) ↑ amount of refractory tract fluid a demulcent action is extract (d) both (b) and (c)
10. Ammonium chloride is used as (a) expectorant (b) diuretic (c) systemic acidifier (d) all of the above
11. The acid neutralizing capacity of an antacid plane at least (a) 5 meq. of HCl per dosage unit (b) 7 meq. of HCl per dosage unit (c) 8 meq. of HCl per dosage unit (d) 10 meq. of HCl per dosage unit
12. Simethicone is (a) antacid (b) defoaming agents (c) astringents (d) none of the above
13. Dried aluminium hydroxide gel contains (a) hydrated aluminium oxide (b) small quantities of basic aluminium n carbonate and bicarbonate (c) both (a) and (b)

(d) none of the above

14. Cathartics are the drugs used to (a) relieve acidity (b) relieve constipation (c) reduce gastrointestinal irritations (d) all of the above
15. Which of the following is an example of inorganic saline expectorant? (a) Ammonium chloride (b) Potassium iodide (c) Antimony potassium tartarate (d) All of the above
16. The antioxidants action of sodium metabisulphite is due to (a) release of sodium ions (b) release of SO 2 (c) release of O 2 (d) all of the above
17. Antacid acts by (a) decreasing the volume of HCl in stomach (b) neutralizing the gastric HCl contents (c) through H/K ATPase pump (d) all of the above
18. What should be ideal property for an antacid prepration? (a) It should not be absorbable (b) Not causes systemic alkalosis (c) Should buffer in the pH range 4– (d) All of the above
19. Antiflatulents are generally included in antacid formulation. They act by (a) reducing the surface tension of bubbles in the stomach (b) avoid absorption of antacid (c) prevent the formation of HCl (d) all of the above

Gastrointestinal Agents _______________________________________________________________ 119

47. Magnesium hydroxide can be precipitated by the metathesis reaction between Magnesium salt and ..............
48. ............. prepared by precipitation from solution of Magnesium Sulphate and Sodium Silicate.
49. The molecular formula of Disodium Hydrogen phosphate is ...............
50. Aluminium Sulphate may be made by dissolving ..............
51. The molecular formula for Kaolin is ..............
52. An expectorant ............. bronchial secretions and nucolytics help ............. thick bronchial secretion.
53. Aluminium Chloride is prepared commercially by reacting ............. with ..............
54. The substances, which inhibit oxidation of free radicals are called as ..............
55. Sodium Meta-bisulphite is used as an ............. in oral, parenteral, and topical pharmaceutical formulation ............. at concentrations of ............. W/V.
    56. The chief indication for administering an antacid is ………………. excess HCl.
    57. Antacid are ………………. used to neutralise gastric HCl.

III. True/False Statements

Write (T) for True and (F) for False statement.

58. Systemic antacid is soluble, readily absorbed.
59. Non–systemic antacid do not exert any systemic effect.
60. NaHCO 3 is systemic antacid.
61. Aluminium containing antacid has consipating effect.
62. Ca containing antacid tend to be constipating and usually found in combination with Magnesium antacid.
63. Saline cathartic act by increasing the osmotic load of GIT.
64. Saline cathartics are water soluble.
65. Al(OH) 3 is systemic Aluminium hydroxide or nonsystemic antacid.
66. What do you mean by expectorants?

ANSWERS

I. Multiple Choice Questions

1. (d) 2. (d)
2. (d) 4. (d)
3. (d) 6. (d)
4. (d)
5. Local irritation of intestinal tract
6. (d)
7. (d)
8. at least 5 meq of HCl per dosage unit
9. antacid 13. (c)
10. relieve constipation
11. (d) 16. release of SO 2
12. neutralizing the gastric HCl content
13. (d)
14. reducing the surface tension of bubbles in the stomach
15. patients with low sodium diet
16. (d)
17. an attempt to balance the constipative effect of calcium and aluminium with the Laxative effect of magnesium
18. excessive loss of body fluid in the form of watery stools
19. calcium containing antacids

II. Fill in the Blanks

25. Absence

120 __________________________________________________ Fundamentals of Objective Pharmacy

26. MgO and SiO 2
27. Protective, adsorbants
28. Dentrifices
29. CO 3 –2, OH
30. Bacterial toxin, chemical poison, drugs, allergy diseases
31. Toxins, protectives
32. Bisalts, Clays, charcoal
33. Adsorbants, X-ray shielding
34. That quickens and increases evacuation of bowel
35. Cathartic
36. Native hydrated aluminium silicate
37. (i) stimulant, (ii) bulk forming, (iii) emollient, (iv) saline
38. Phenopthalein, bisacodyl, castoroil, oxyphenisatin
39. Methyl cellulose, isabgol, karageenen
40. Lubricant or emollient
41. Cathartic, anticonvulsant
42. Cathartic, poor absorption of HPO 4
43. Adsorbants
44. Cough
45. Parietal cell, 2-
46. Pepsin
47. Sodium, potassium or ammonium hydroxide
48. Magnesium trisilicate
49. Na 2 HPO 4 ,12H 2 O
50. Aluminium hydroxide in sulphuric acid
51. Al 2 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 4
52. Increase, loosen
    53. Ammonia, hydrogen chloride
    54. Antioxidants
    55. Na 2 S 2 O 5
    56. Neutralize
    57. Alkaline bases

III. True/False

58. T 59. T 60. T

61. T 62. T 63. T

64. T

65. Nonsystemic
66. A mucolytic agent or expectorant is any agent which dissolves thick mucus and is usually used to help relieve respiratory difficulties. It does so by hydrolyzing glycosaminoglycans, tending to break down/lower the viscosity of mucin—containing body secretions/components. The viscosity of mucous secretions in the lungs is dependent upon the concentrations of mucoprotein, the presence of disulfide bonds between these macromolecules and DNA. An expectorant (from the Latin expectorare, to expel from the chest) is a medication that helps bring up mucus and other material from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea. An example of an expectorant is guaifenesin which promotes drainage of mucus from the lungs by thinning the mucus and lubricating the irritated respiratory tract. Sometimes the term ‘expectorant’ is incorrectly extended to any cough medicine.

122 __________________________________________________ Fundamentals of Objective Pharmacy

(c) extracellular acidosis (d) both (a) and (b)

7. When total body K is low the intracellular fluid is acidic due to passage of protons into K depleted cell resulting in (a) intracellular acidosis (b) extracellular alkalosis (c) both (a) and (b) (d) intracellular alkalosis
8. In metabolic acidosis (a) HCO 3 excess (b) CO 2 decreased (c) HCO 3 deficit (d) all of the above
9. Condition occur in metabolic acidosis is (a) diabetic acidosis (b) renal failure (c) diarrhoea (d) all the above
10. When metabolic acidosis is acute, the treatment is (a) NaHCO 3 (b) NaCl (c) KCl (d) CaCl 2
11. In metabolic alkalosis (a) increase HCO 3 (b) loss of H+ (c) both (a) and (b) (d) decrease HCO 3
12. Acute metabolic alkalosis may be corrected by (a) KCl (b) NaHCO 3 (c) NaCl (d) CaCl 2
13. In metabolic acidosis, renal function has (a) increase acid excretion by NaH exchange (b) increase NH 3 formation (c) HCO 3 reabsorption (d) all of the above
14. The advantage of sodium lactate over sodium bicarbonate (a) rapidly metabolized (b) it may be sterilized by boiling (c) both of the above (d) none of the above
15. Replacement therapy is needed (a) heavy loss of water (b) prolonged fever (c) diarrhoea (d) all of the above
16. ORS has composition (a) NaCl (b) KCl (c) sodium citrate (d) sodium bicarbonate (e) glucose (i) a, b, c, d (ii) a, b, d, e (iii) a, b, c, e (iv) b, c, d, e
17. Calcium gluconate is prepared by (a) lactic acid and CaCO 3 (b) oxalic acid and CaCO 3 (c) gluconic acid and CaCO 3 (d) gluconic acid and Ca(OH) 2
18. The category of calcium gluconate is (a) antacid (b) calcium replenished (c) antioxidant (d) radiopharmaceuticals
19. The category of sodium dihydrogen phosphate dehydrate is (a) antacid (b) calcium replenisher (c) urinary acidifier (d) respiratory stimulant
20. Sodium acetate is used as (a) urinary acidifier (b) calcium replenisher (c) for peritoneal dialysis fluids (d) antioxidant

Major Intra- and Extra-Cellular Electrolytes ______________________________________________ 123

21. Which one of the followings is used as systemic alkalizer? (a) Sodium chloride (b) Sodium bicarbonate (c) Sodium sulphate (d) Sodium acetate
22. If there is excessive excretion of CO 2 which of the following condition develop (a) alkalosis (b) acidosis (c) both (d) none
23. Calcium levulinate is used as calcium replenisher, chemically it is (a) calcium-2-oxo pentanoate dehydrate (b) calcium-3-oxo pentanoate dehydrate (c) calcium-4-oxo pentanoate dehydrate (d) calcium-5-oxo pentanoate dehydrate
24. Sodium chloride is used for (a) pharmaceutical aid (b) toxicity agents (c) fluid and electrolyte replenisher (d) all of the above
25. The category of magnesium chloride is (a) urinary alkaliser (b) magnesium replenisher (c) constituent of peritoneal dialysis solution (d) both (b) and (c)
26. The maintenance of constant environment in various cells, tissue and body fluids physically as well as chemically is known as (a) electrolyte balance (b) homeostasis (c) hemostasis (d) none of the above
27. Clinical manifestation associated with potassium is (a) hypertension (b) acidosis

(c) renal damage (d) both (a) and (b)

28. The principle function of chloride is (a) maintenance of proper hydration (b) maintenance of osmotic pressure (c) normal electrolytic balance (d) all of the above
29. Calcium is essential for (a) blood pontification to whaler bone (b) blood clotting (c) all of the above

II. Fill in the Blanks

Fill in the blanks to make the following statements complete and correct:

30. …………. and ……………. are found in plasma and interstitial fluid.
31. …………… are found in intracellular fluid.
32. Hypopotassemia causes change in .......
33. Calcium absorbed from …………….
34. Calcium absorption and distribution are under a complex hormonal central …………… and …………….
35. Hypocalcaemia can be caused by .................
36. Ioniar salt solution should be ……………………..
37. Basic objective of replacement therapy is ...................
38. Calcium chloride is used as ................
39. Calcium gluconate is considered by many to be treated of choice for ..........
40. Major buffer systems in body .............. found in plasma and kidney.
41. Sodium acetate is useful in patients suffering from ............. and ..............
42. The ICF constitute .............. % of body weight, while ECF constitue .............. % of body weight.

Major Intra- and Extra-Cellular Electrolytes ______________________________________________ 125

43. oral, iv
44. phosphate
45. oral rehydration therapy
46. oral rehydration salt
47. one teaspoonful of salt, eight teaspoonful of sugar in 1 litre of water
48. 0.9, 5.
    49. milliequivalents per litre
    50. Intestinal and vascular fluid Match the Following:
49. (a) 2, (b) 1, (c) 4, (d) 3
50. (a) 2, (b) 3, (c) 1, (d) 4, (e) 6, (f) 5
51. Mg
52. Hypotonic

Essential and Trace Elements: Transition elements and their compounds of pharmaceutical importance. Iron and haematinics (Ferrous fumarate, Ferrous gluconate, Ferrous sulphate, Ferric ammonium citrate), mineral supplements

(Cu, Zn, Cr, Mn, Sb, S, I). Coordination compounds and complexation: Study of such compounds used in therapy including poison antidotes (Calcium folinate, Sodium thiosulphate).

Comp-1/E:/Newage-010/Engineering/Re-math-3d—30.7.10 11.9.10 28.1.11 9.2.

Unit IV

ESSENTIAL AND TRACE ELEMENTS

KEY FACTS

I. Multiple Choice Questions

Each of the following questions have four alternatives. Only one of them is correct. Choose the correct answer.

1. Essential element called essential (a) It must occur in all healthy tissue (b) Facilitate a great many essential life process (c) It must cause reproducible life processes (d) All of the above
2. Anaemia can be caused by (a) excessive blood loss. (b) excessive blood formation. (c) both (a) and (b) (d) none of the above
3. Copper has role in (a) Hb formation (b) ATP production by reformation

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

(c) formation of fibres elastic (d) all of the above

4. Cu deficiency can lead to (a) Leucopenia (b) Ganulocytopenia (c) Anemia (d) All of the above
5. In Wilson disease a condition of excess storage of (a) Fe (b) Zn (c) Cu (d) I
6. CuSO 4 is essential component of (a) Fehling solution (b) Benedict solution (c) Tolland reagent (d) Both (a) and (b)
7. Zinc deficiency is associated (a) Impaired growth (b) Parakeratosis 126